CAST 函数
在之前的文章中,我们提到过CAST函数,用于显示进行类型转换。在避免隐式类型转换时,好处多多。其实这里面还有很多细节,是需要梳理下的。
首先来看看下面这个转换:
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mysql> SELECT CAST('2017-12-14' AS DATE);
+----------------------------+
| CAST('2017-12-14' AS DATE) |
+----------------------------+
| 2017-12-14 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
其中:
2017-12-14 是待转换的数据。
DATE为转换后的类型。
标准语法是这样的:
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CAST(expr AS type)
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这里需要注意的是type类型不支持所有的数据类型,而是支持特定的数据类型,也是今天这篇文章的重点。(我就吃过这个亏,想当然的以为支持所有数据类型,结果就被打脸了) 。
不支持的报错:
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mysql> SELECT CAST('1024' AS int);
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'int)' at line 1
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支持的类型
下面是CAST函数支持转换的数据类型列表:
类型 | 备注 |
---|---|
DATE | YYYY-MM-DD |
DATETIME | YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss |
TIME | HH:mm:ss |
DECIMAL | 通常用于带小数位 |
CHAR | 固定长度字符串 |
NCHAR | 类型于CHAR一致 |
SIGNED | 一个有符号的64整数位 |
UNSIGNED | 一个无符号的64整数位 |
BINARY | 二进制字符串 |
JSON | MySQL 5.7.8 及更高版本 |
注意:
其中DATE支持的范围是: 1000-01-01 至 9999-12-31,(实验版本为:)
如果为: 999-01-01 结果则会0999-01-01。
如果为: 01-01-01则会为:2001-01-01。
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mysql> select cast('999-11-11' as DATE);
+---------------------------+
| cast('999-11-11' as DATE) |
+---------------------------+
| 0999-11-11 |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> select cast('01-11-11' as DATE);
+--------------------------+
| cast('01-11-11' as DATE) |
+--------------------------+
| 2001-11-11 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.20 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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2. CAST函数中expr的值可以转换为type,其转换的结果才正确,否则转换后的结果默认值,如Null,0等。
例如:一个Char类型转换为Demical类型,转换的结果就为0。
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mysql> SELECT CAST('ANDYQIAN' AS DECIMAL);
+-----------------------------+
| CAST('ANDYQIAN' AS DECIMAL) |
+-----------------------------+
| 0 |
+-----------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
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转换案例
这里给出一些常用的类型转换例子。
DATE 类型
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mysql> select cast('2017-12-14' as DATE);
+----------------------------+
| cast('2017-12-14' as DATE) |
+----------------------------+
| 2017-12-14 |
+----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
TIME 类型
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mysql> select cast('12:00:00' as TIME);
+--------------------------+
| cast('12:00:00' as TIME) |
+--------------------------+
| 12:00:00 |
+--------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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DATETIM 类型
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mysql> select cast('2017-12-14 00:11:11' as DATETIME);
+-----------------------------------------+
| cast('2017-12-14 00:11:11' as DATETIME) |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 2017-12-14 00:11:11 |
+-----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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SIGNED类型
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mysql> select cast('-1024' as SIGNED);
+-------------------------+
| cast('-1024' as SIGNED) |
+-------------------------+
| -1024 |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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UNSIGNED类型
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mysql> select cast('-1024' as UNSIGNED);
+---------------------------+
| cast('-1024' as UNSIGNED) |
+---------------------------+
| 18446744073709550592 |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
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DECIMAL类型
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mysql> select cast('18.11' as DECIMAL(18,2));
+--------------------------------+
| cast('18.11' as DECIMAL(18,2)) |
+--------------------------------+
| 18.11 |
+--------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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以上就是本次整理的全部内容,大家测试的时候可以输入命令尝试下,如果还有任何不明白的地方,大家可以在下方的留言区域讨论。