1.数据库主从分类:
主从分为俩种:传统主从/GTID主从
2.mysql主从介绍由来
现实生活中,数据极其重要,存储数据库的方式很多,但是数据库存在着一种隐患。
隐患:
用一台数据库存放数据,若数据库服务器宕机了导致数据丢失数据多了,访问量大了,一台服务器无法保证服务质量
因此数据库主从诞生
3.主从作用
故障切换,实现预备读写分离,提供查询服务数据库管理系统备份(DBSM),避免影响业务
4.主从复制原理
bin log:二进制日志,记录写操作(增删改查)
Relay log:中继日志
- 主库会将所有的写操作记录到binlog日志下生成一个log dump线程,将binlog日志传给从库的I/O线程。
-
从库有俩个线程:
I/O线程
sql线程 - 从库的I/O线程会请求主库得到binlog日志写到relay log(中继日志)中
- sql线程,会读取relay log日志文件中的日志,并解析具体操作,来实现主从的操作一样,达到数据一致
5.主从复制配置(数据一致时)
步骤:
- 确保主数据库与从数据的数据一样
- 主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
- 配置主数据库(修改配置文件)
- 配置从数据库(修改配置文件)
环境需求:
俩台mysql服务器,一台主服务器(写功能),一台从服务器(读功能)
主数据库(centos8) ip地址:192.168.136.145 centos8.0/mysql5.7 相同数据
第六节:数据不相同 (可能在公司之前有数据的情况)
从数据库(centos8) ip地址:192.168.136.191 centos7.0/mysql5.7 相同数据
5.1主从服务器分别安装mysql5.7
可看相关教程教程(超详细):http://www.zzvips.com/article/195316.html
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#二进制安装:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_47945825/article/details/116848970?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501
#或者网络仓库安装:(一般二进制安装)
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_47945825/article/details/116245442?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501
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5.2主数据库与从数据库数据一致
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[root@mysql01 ~] # mysql -uroot -e 'show databases;'
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| Database |
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| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
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[root@mysql02 ~] # mysql -uroot -e 'show databases;'
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| Database |
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| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
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5.3在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
replication:复制 slave:从 192.168.136.191:从数据库ip地址
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mysql> create user 'vvv' @ '192.168.136.191' identified by 'vvv0917' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.00 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on * . * to 'vvv' @ '192.168.136.191' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.00 sec)
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5.4在从库上测试连接
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[root@mysql02 ~] # mysql -uvvv -vvv0917 -h192.168.136.145
mysql> show databases;
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| Database |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| information_schema |
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1 row in set ( 0.00 sec)
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5.5配置主数据库
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[root@mysql01 ~] # cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = / usr / local / mysql
datadir = / opt / data
socket = / tmp / mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid - file = / opt / data / mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip - name - resolve
log - bin = mysql_bin #启动binlog日志
server - id = 10 #数据库服务器唯一标识,id必须比从数据库小
#重启服务 (此重启方式,前提已配置mysqld.service文件)
[root@mysql01 ~] # systemctl restart mysqld
观察主数据库状态:
mysql> show master status;
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| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
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| mysql_bin. 000004 | 962 | | | |
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5.6配置从数据库
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[root@mysql02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /opt/data
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3307
user = mysql
pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
skip-name-resolve
#skip-grant-tables
server-id=20 #服务器id,大于主数据库id
relay-log=mysql_relay_log #启动中继日志
#log-bin=mysql-bin
#重启服务:
[root@mysql02 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
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5.7配置并启动主从复制的功能(mysql02从数据库上)
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[root@slave02 ~] # mysql -uroot -p
mysql> change master to
- > master_host = '192.168.136.145' ,
- > master_user = 'vvv' ,
- > master_password = 'vvv0917' ,
- > master_log_file = 'mysql_bin.000004' ,
- > master_log_pos = 962 ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings ( 0.01 sec)
mysql> start slave; #stop slave为关闭
Query OK, 0 rows affected ( 0.01 sec)
#查看配置状态:
mysql> show slave statusG;
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168 . 136.145
Master_User: vvv
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql_bin. 000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 962
Relay_Log_File: mysql_relay_log. 000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin. 000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
#此处必须俩个都是yes,就是配置成功,否则失败
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5.8测试:
主库:
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mysql> show databases;
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| Database |
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| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
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从库:
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mysql> show databases;
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| Database |
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| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
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主库创建数据库clq并且加入数据:
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mysql> create database clq;
Query OK, 1 row affected ( 0.00 sec)
mysql> create table clq01( id int ( 11 ) not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar( 100 ) not null,age tinyint( 4 ));
mysql> insert clq01(name,age) values( 'A' , 20 ),( 'B' , 21 ),( 'C' , 22 );
Query OK, 3 rows affected ( 0.00 sec)
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从库中查看:
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mysql> select * from clq01;
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| id | name | age |
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| 1 | A | 20 |
| 2 | B | 21 |
| 3 | C | 22 |
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#主从复制完成!
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6.主从配置(数据不一致时)
6.1一般全备主库需要另开一个终端,给数据库加上读锁(只读不写)
避免其他人在写入数据导致不一样
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flush tables with read lock:
quit:退出即可为解锁(备份完之后才能解锁)
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6.2确保主主数据库与从数据库的数据一样
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#先对主库进行全备
[root@mysql01 ~] # mysqldump -uroot -A > all-databases.sql
#拷贝数据到从数据库上
[root@mysql01 ~] # ls /clq
all - databases.sql
[root@mysql01 ~] # scp /clq/all-databases.sql root@192.168.136.193:/clq/
The authenticity of host '192.168.136.193 (192.168.136.193)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:XIAQEoJ + M0vOHmCwQvhUdw12u5s2nvkN0A4TMKLaFiY.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes / no / [fingerprint])yes
root@ 192.168 . 136.193 's password:
all - databases.sql 100 % 853KB 115.4MB / s 00 : 00
[root@mysql02 clq] # ll
总用量 896 #从库上查看
- rw - r - - r - - . 1 root root 873266 5 月 17 19 : 36 all - databases.sql
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6.3在从库上查看主库有哪些库,确保一致
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[root@mysql02 clq] # mysql -uroot -pHuawei0917@ < all-databases.sql
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
[root@mysql02 clq] # mysql -uroot -pHuawei0917@ -e 'show databases;'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
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| Database |
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| information_schema |
| clq |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
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主库:
mysql> show databases;
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| Database |
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| information_schema |
| clq |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
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6.4确保俩库的配置文件已经配置了相应的文件
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[root@mysql01 ~] # cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = / usr / local / mysql
datadir = / opt / data
socket = / tmp / mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid - file = / opt / data / mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip - name - resolve
log - bin = mysql_bin #日志文件
server - id = 10 #唯一标识服务id
[root@mysql02 ~] # cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = / usr / local / mysql
datadir = / opt / data
socket = / tmp / mysql.sock
port = 3307
user = mysql
pid - file = / opt / data / mysql.pid
skip - name - resolve
#skip-grant-tables
server - id = 20 #唯一标识服务id(大于主库)
relay - log = mysql_relay_log #中继日志
#log-bin=mysql-bin
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此后步骤和5.5之后一模一样!
小结:
主库修改数据,从库的数据随之改变!
反之,从库修改数据,主库的数据不会发生改变
查看数据库运行的命令进程
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mysql> show processlist;
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| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
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| 5 | repl | 192.168 . 136.219 : 39788 | NULL | Binlog Dump | 1575 | Master has sent all binlog to slave; waiting for more updates | NULL |
| 7 | root | localhost | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist |
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2 rows in set ( 0.00 sec)
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以上就是MySQL数据库主从复制原理及作用分析的详细内容,更多关于MySQL数据库主从复制的资料请关注服务器之家其它相关文章!
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_47945825/article/details/119995132