对于实现了Serializable接口的类,在对其对象进行序列化的时候,会自动将该对象的所有实例变量依次进行序列,特别是在某个实例变量应用到了其他对象时,表现为递归式的序列化机制。这种“一概而全”序列化方式往往不是我们实际想要的,因此有必以自定义的方式来序列化(具体地讲比如控制某些实例变量可以序列化,增加一些处理逻辑进行序列化等等)。有以下几种方式来实现自动以的序列化。
1、使用transient关键字
使用transient关键字修饰实例变量。从语义上讲transient是短暂的、瞬态的意思,因此不适合用序列化策略来存储。在序列化的时候该实例变量不会被写进字节序列,相当于会忽略掉该变量的序列化。这是最简单方便的自定义序列化方式,在JDK源码中也有很多地方用到了该关键字来修饰的实例变量。
使用transient关键字实现自定义序列化有几件事需要了解:
a、transient只应该用来修饰成员变量,不应修饰类变量。虽然在语法上用transient修饰静态变量不会报错,但是这样做没有效果也没有意义:类变量本身就是隶属于类,不属于任何一个对象。
b、反序列化后,之前被transient修饰的变量的值被赋予系统设定的默认初值(同时注意:反序列化的过程不会调用对象的任何构造器)。
c、实现了Externalizable接口
package com.prac;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class TestSeri{
public static void main(String[] args) {
String path = System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\target.md";
Target target = new Target("hi");
try {
//序列化
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path));
oos.writeObject(target);
//反序列化
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
Target othetarget = (Target)ois.readObject();
Target.staticVar += " world!";//改变Target类的静态变量
System.out.println("instVar = "+othetarget.instVar);
//输出了"hello world!",静态变量不参与序列化
System.out.println("staticVar = "+othetarget.staticVar);
//以下成员变量未参与序列化,反序列化后赋予系统设定的初始值
System.out.println("intValue = "+othetarget.intValue);//0
System.out.println("doubleValue = "+othetarget.doubleValue);//0.0
System.out.println("booValue = "+othetarget.booValue);//fasle
System.out.println("stringValue = "+othetarget.stringValue);//null
System.out.println("objValue = "+othetarget.objValue);//null
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Target implements Serializable{
public static String staticVar = "hello";
// public transient static String staticValue = "hello";//语法上可以用transient修饰静态变量,但无意义
public String instVar = "";
public transient double doubleValue = 10.0;
public transient int intValue = 100;
public transient boolean booValue = true;
public transient String stringValue = "hello world";
public transient Object objValue = new Object();
public Target(){
System.out.println("invoke Target()");
}
public Target(String instVar){
this.instVar = instVar;
System.out.println("invoke Target(String instVar)");
}
}
2、使用特殊签名的方法
在类中定义如下三个特殊签名的方法,可以按照自定义的逻辑来实现自定义序列化。
private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream oos) throws IOException
private void readObject(ObjectInputStream ois) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException
private void readObjectNoData() throws ObjectStreamException
一个简单的示例如下:
package com.prac;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class TestSeri{
public static void main(String[] args) {
String path = System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\target.md";
User user = new User("qcer","123456");
try {
//序列化
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path));
oos.writeObject(user);
//反序列化
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
User otheuser = (User)ois.readObject();
System.out.println("username = "+otheuser.username);
System.out.println("password = "+otheuser.password);
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class User implements Serializable{
public String username = "";
public String password = "";
public User(){
}
public User(String username,String password){
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
}
private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream oos) throws IOException{
oos.writeObject(username);
oos.writeObject(encrypt(password));
}
private void readObject(ObjectInputStream ois) throws IOException,ClassNotFoundException{
this.username = (String)ois.readObject();
this.password = dencrypt((String)ois.readObject());
}
private String encrypt(String plaintext){
String ciphertext = "";
//...省略加密算法部分
return ciphertext;
}
private String dencrypt(String ciphertext){
String plaintext = "";
//...省略解密算法部分
return plaintext;
}
}
3、实现Externalizable接口
Externalizable实接口际上是继承了Serializable接口
实现Externalizable接口的类中需要实现writeExternal(ObjectOutput out)和readExternal(ObjectInput in)两个方法,同之前的一样,可以用out.writeXXX()和in.readXXX()的方式来自定义序列化和反序列化数据。
一个示例如下:
package com.prac;
import java.io.*;
public class TestExseri{
public static void main(String[] args) {
String path = System.getProperty("user.dir")+"\\book.md";
Book book = new Book("Thinking in Java",108.00);
try {
//序列化
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(path));
oos.writeObject(book);
//反序列化,会调用Book类的无参构造器
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(path));
Book otherbook = (Book)ois.readObject();
System.out.println("name = "+otherbook.name);//Thinking in Java
System.out.println("price = "+otherbook.price);//108.0
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO: handle exception
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
class Book implements Externalizable{
public transient String name = "";
public double price = 0.0;
public Book(){
System.out.println("invoke Book()");
}
public Book(String name,double price) {
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeObject(name);
out.writeDouble(price);
}
@Override
public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException,
ClassNotFoundException {
this.name = (String)in.readObject();
this.price = in.readDouble();
}
}
实际上,ObjectOutputStream实现了ObjectOutput接口,而后者继承了DataOutput接口。