1.第一种方式
Java代码
- Iterator<String> keySetIterator = keySetMap.keySet().iterator();
- while (keySetIterator.hasNext()) {
- String key = keySetIterator.next();
- String value = keySetMap.get(key);
- }
2.第二种方式
Java代码
- Iterator<Entry<String, String>> entryKeyIterator = entrySetMap.entrySet().iterator();
- while (entryKeyIterator.hasNext()) {
- Entry<String, String> e = entryKeyIterator.next();
- String value=e.getValue();
- }
三.性能比较
到底第二种方式的性能比第一种方式的性能高多少呢,通过一个简单的测试类可以看一下,测试代码如下:
Java代码
- public class HashMapTest {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- HashMap<String, String> keySetMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
- HashMap<String, String> entrySetMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
- for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
- keySetMap.put("" + i, "keySet");
- }
- for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
- entrySetMap.put("" + i, "entrySet");
- }
- long startTimeOne = System.currentTimeMillis();
- Iterator<String> keySetIterator = keySetMap.keySet().iterator();
- while (keySetIterator.hasNext()) {
- String key = keySetIterator.next();
- String value = keySetMap.get(key);
- System.out.println(value);
- }
- System.out.println("keyset spent times:"
- + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTimeOne));
- long startTimeTwo = System.currentTimeMillis();
- Iterator<Entry<String, String>> entryKeyIterator = entrySetMap
- .entrySet().iterator();
- while (entryKeyIterator.hasNext()) {
- Entry<String, String> e = entryKeyIterator.next();
- System.out.println(e.getValue());
- }
- System.out.println("entrySet spent times:"
- + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTimeTwo));
- }
- }
通过测试发现,第二种方式的性能通常要比第一种方式高一倍.
四.原因分析:
通过查看源代码发现,调用这个方法keySetMap.keySet()会生成KeyIterator迭代器,其next方法只返回其key值.
Java代码
- private class KeyIterator extends HashIterator<K> {
- public K next() {
- return nextEntry().getKey();
- }
- }
- private class KeyIterator extends HashIterator<K> {
- public K next() {
- return nextEntry().getKey();
- }
- }
而调用entrySetMap.entrySet()方法会生成EntryIterator 迭代器,其next方法返回一个Entry对象的一个实例,其中包含key和value.
Java代码
- private class EntryIterator extends HashIterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
- public Map.Entry<K,V> next() {
- return nextEntry();
- }
- }
- private class EntryIterator extends HashIterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
- public Map.Entry<K,V> next() {
- return nextEntry();
- }
- }
二者在此时的性能应该是相同的,但方式一再取得key所对应的value时,此时还要访问Map的这个方法,这时,方式一多遍历了一次table.
Java代码
- public V get(Object key) {
- Object k = maskNull(key);
- int hash = hash(k);
- int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
- Entry<K,V> e = table[i];
- while (true) {
- if (e == null)
- return null;
- if (e.hash == hash && eq(k, e.key))
- return e.value;
- e = e.next;
- }
- }
- public V get(Object key) {
- Object k = maskNull(key);
- int hash = hash(k);
- int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
- Entry<K,V> e = table[i];
- while (true) {
- if (e == null)
- return null;
- if (e.hash == hash && eq(k, e.key))
- return e.value;
- e = e.next;
- }
- }
这个方法就是二者性能差别的主要原因.
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