小白日记14：kali渗透测试--NMAP

时间：2023-03-08 17:08:11
NAMP
被认为是最强大的扫描器
所有参数
root@kali:~# nmap

Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org )

Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}

TARGET SPECIFICATION:                                       <strong>  #目标发现</strong>

  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.

  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254     #例子

 <strong> -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks         #指定IP地址列表

  -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets                         #随机选定目标 +<主机IP>

  --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks   #过滤某些IP，不对其进行扫描

  --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file            #过滤整个文件中的ip，不对其进行扫描</strong>

HOST DISCOVERY:

  <strong>-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan                  #列出要进行扫描的的IP

  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan                         #不做端口扫描

  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery        <span style="color:#ff0000;"> #防止防火墙拒绝扫描，继续后面的端口扫描</span>

  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports

  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes  #PM适用于老系统

  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping

  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]  #不做DNS解析/-R做反向解析

  --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers    #调用指定服务器

  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver                  #默认DNS，加不加没区别

  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host              #路由路径</strong>

SCAN TECHNIQUES:                                 #端口扫描

  <strong>-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans                                                        #默认用sS（SYN），加-sT使用TCP扫描，结果准确 #-sM：ACK+FIN

  -sU: UDP Scan

  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans   #-sN：flags全为0；

  --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags      #自定义flags 【8个flags】 需熟悉协议操作

  -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan       #僵尸扫描

  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans       #SCTP

  -sO: IP protocol scan

  -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan           #针对FTP中继</strong>

PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:

  <strong>-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports    #指定端口

    Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9

  --exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning  #指定端口范围

  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan    #快速扫描，即默认的部分端口

  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize      #端口顺序连续扫描

  --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports    #扫默认1000端口中的指定数量个数

  --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>    #扫描更常用端口</strong>

SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:       #服务扫描

  <strong>-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info                                                                #默认情况下，匹配结果可能不够准确 #该部分命令均加上-sV

  --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)   #扫描强度（0-9）

  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)     #2级

  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)          #9级

  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)  #跟踪扫描过程</strong>

SCRIPT SCAN:                     #脚本扫描

  -sC: equivalent to --script=default

  --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of

           directories, script-files or script-categories

  --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts

  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file

  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received

  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.

 <strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"> --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.           #查询脚本作用

           <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or

           script-categories.</span></strong>

OS DETECTION:                        #系统

  -O: Enable OS detection

  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets

  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively

TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:                      #时间设定

  Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),

  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).

  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)

  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes  #最少一次扫多少主机

  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization

  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies   #来回访问时间

      probe round trip time.

  --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.    #最大探测次数

  --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long

  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes    <strong> #扫描延迟，将时间设大一点，避免被发现</strong>

  --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second

  --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second

<strong>FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:   </strong>                      #防火墙和IDS的躲避或欺骗

  -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU）   #最大传输单元

  -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys      #伪造源地址，增加噪声IP

  -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address               #欺骗源地址，得不到回包 建议与-e一起使用

  -e <iface>: Use specified interface         #指定网卡

  -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number    #指定源端口

  --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies <strong>#指定代理</strong>

  --data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets     #在包的数据字段加上内容（16进制数）

  --data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets   #加ASCII码

  --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets

  --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options   #加在IP包头

  --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field

  --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address     #欺骗mac地址

  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum           #差错检验

OUTPUT:

  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,     #选择输出格式

     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.

  -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once

  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)

  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)

  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state

  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports

  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received

  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)

  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files

  --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan

  --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML

  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML

  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output

MISC:

  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning                       #IPv6

  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute  #参数组合键

  --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location

  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets

  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged

  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges

  -V: Print version number

  -h: Print this help summary page.

EXAMPLES:

  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org

  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8

  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80

SEE THE MAN PAGE (https://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES

man nmap：查看操作手册

Nmap脚本
查询脚本数量
root@kali:/usr/share/nmap/scripts# less script.db | wc -l

515

exploit：漏洞利用 vuln：漏洞识别

某漏洞脚本：smb-vuln-ms10-061.nse
Stuxnet蠕虫利用的4个漏洞之一；Print Spooler权限不当，打印请求可在系统目录可创建文件、执行任意代码；LANMAN API枚举共享打印机；探测远程共享打印机名称
若没发现共享打印机：smb-enum-shares枚举共享
身份认证参数——smbuser、smbpassword

nmap -p445 --script=smb-enum-shares.nse --script-args=smbuser=admin,smbpassword=pass 1.1.1.1  #判断目标机器是否有共享打印机

###先检测是否有共享打印机，再扫描是否存在漏洞###
#对象：Windows XP,Server 2003 SP2,Vista,Server 2008, win 7
小白日记，未完待续……

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