项目需要,做一个图片上传的功能,本来是很简单,但是需要同时上传多个文件,并分条带一些额外的信息,听上去很复杂,通过下面图就可以一目了然:
网上找过一些方法,但多为不支持图片与其他信息关联,或者分两次上传(文件一次,返回一个indicator,然后通过json传其他信息),不理想。偶然发现一个MVC的方法,思路非常简单,就是MVC,独特之处是把图片作为一个HttpPostedFileBase类型的属性存到ViewModel里。直接看代码:
<form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
@for (int i = ; i < Model.Count; i++)
{
<div class="col-xs-11 row space-top">
<div class="col-xs-2">
@Html.EditorFor(m => m[i].Title)
</div>
<div class="col-xs-2">
@Html.EditorFor(m => m[i].AltText)
</div>
<div class="col-xs-2">
@Html.EditorFor(m => m[i].Caption)
</div>
<div class="col-xs-3">
@Html.TextBoxFor(m => m[i].ImageUpload, new { type = "file" })
</div>
</div>
}
<div class="container space-top" >
<button class="btn col-xs-2 space-top" type="submit">Create</button>
</div>
</form>
View
// GET: Image
public ActionResult Create()
{
var models = new List<ImageViewModel>();
models.Add(new ImageViewModel());
models.Add(new ImageViewModel());
return View(models);
}
Controller
public class ImageViewModel
{
[Required]
public string Title { get; set; } public string AltText { get; set; } [DataType(DataType.Html)]
public string Caption { get; set; } [DataType(DataType.Upload)]
public HttpPostedFileBase ImageUpload { get; set; }
}
ViewModel
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Create(List<ImageViewModel> models)
{
var model = models[];
var validImageTypes = new string[] { "image/gif", "image/jpeg", "image/pjpeg", "image/png" }; if (model.ImageUpload == null || model.ImageUpload.ContentLength == )
{
ModelState.AddModelError("ImageUpload", "This field is required");
}
else if (!validImageTypes.Contains(model.ImageUpload.ContentType))
{
ModelState.AddModelError("ImageUpload", "Please choose either a GIF, JPG or PNG image.");
}
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
var image = new Image
{
Title = model.Title,
AltText = model.AltText,
Caption = model.Caption
}; if (model.ImageUpload != null && model.ImageUpload.ContentLength > )
{
//var uploadDir = "~/uploads";
//var imagePath = Path.Combine(Server.MapPath(uploadDir), model.ImageUpload.FileName);
//var imageUrl = Path.Combine(uploadDir, model.ImageUpload.FileName);
//model.ImageUpload.SaveAs(imagePath);
//image.ImageUrl = imageUrl;
}
//db.Create(image);
//db.SaveChanges();
// return RedirectToAction("Index");
} return View(models);
}
Post Action
发现原来还可以这样,但是由于我使用的knockout,所以提交数据需要用JS完成,需要将其转换,但当我构建完对象,将其转换为JSON的时候,发现文件不是随便就能序列化的。观察上面例子提交的请求:
跟普通的Form相比,并无特殊之处,说明只要content-type为mutipart/form-data,Form的name按照序号加名称的格式填写,Action就能获得到指定的数据,我将代码改为这种形式:
<form action="Create" encType="multipart/form-data" method="post"> <div>
<label for="">Title</label>
<input name="[0].Title" type="text" value="a">
</div>
<div>
<label for="">AltText</label>
<input name="[0].AltText" type="text" value="a">
</div>
<div>
<label for="">Caption</label>
<input name="[0].Caption" type="text" value="a">
</div>
<div>
<label for="">ImageUpload</label>
<input name="[0].ImageUpload" type="file">
</div>
<div>
<label for="">Title</label>
<input name="[1].Title" type="text" value="b">
</div>
<div>
<label for="">AltText</label>
<input ame="[1].AltText" type="text" value="b">
</div>
<div>
<label for="">Caption</label>
<input name="[1].Caption" type="text" value="b">
</div>
<div>
<label for="">ImageUpload</label>
<input name="[1].ImageUpload" type="file">
</div> <button type="submit">Create</button>
</form>
HTML
依然work,说明推论合理。然后做进一步修改:
function mySubmit() {
var formData = new FormData();
formData.append("[0].Title", $("[name='[0].Title'").val());
formData.append("[0].AltText", $("[name='[0].AltText'").val());
formData.append("[0].Caption", $("[name='[0].Caption'").val());
formData.append("[0].ImageUpload", $("[name='[0].ImageUpload'").get().files[]); formData.append("[1].Title", $("[name='[1].Title'").val());
formData.append("[1].AltText", $("[name='[1].AltText'").val());
formData.append("[1].Caption", $("[name='[1].Caption'").val());
formData.append("[1].ImageUpload", $("[name='[1].ImageUpload'").get().files[]);
console.log(formData); $.ajax({
contentType: false,
url: "/Image/Create",
type: "POST",
processData: false,
dataType: 'json',
data: formData,
success: function (result) { },
error: function (err) {
alert(err.statusText);
}
});
}
JS
注意把contentType和processData都设为false,防止AJAX自己修改数据格式。
到这里本来问题就解决了,但是,但是,IE9及以下不支持FormData,于是做了进一步修改,以来表单的提交功能,JS里构建需要的<input type="hidden" />,设置好name属性,然后提交表单$("#Form").submit(),思路就是这样,代码就不写了。
其实,这里的原理我还是不大清楚,为什么action能将这样的一个name list还原为对象,我猜跟negotiation有关系,还需要进一步研究。