Java中的try-catch-finally-return的执行顺序

时间:2021-02-02 18:23:08


1、try块中没有抛出异常,try、catch和finally块中都有return语句

12345678910111213141516 public static int NoException(){         int i=10;         try{           System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);           return --i;         }         catch(Exception e){           --i;           System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);           return --i;         }         finally{                 System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);           return --i;         }   }

运行代码:

12345 public static void main(String[] args) {        System.out.println("=============NoException==================");        System.out.println(NoException());        System.out.println("===============================");    }

运行结果:

12345 =============NoException==================i in try block is10i in finally - from try or catch block is98===============================


执行顺序:

   执行try块,执行到return语句时,先执行return的语句,–i,但是不返回到main方法,执行finally块,遇到finally块中的return语句,执行–i,并将值返回到main方法,这里就不会再回去返回try块中计算得到的值。

结论:try-catch-finally都有return语句时,没有异常时,返回值是finally中的return返回的。


2.try块中没有抛出异常,仅try和catch中有return语句

123456789101112131415161718 public static int NoException1(){            int i=10;            try{                System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);                return --i;            }            catch(Exception e){                --i;                System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);                return --i;            }            finally{                            System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);                --i;                System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);                //return --i;            }}

运行结果:

123456 =============NoException1==================i in try block is10i in finally - from try or catch block is9i in finally block is89===============================

执行顺序:

   try中执行完return的语句后,不返回,执行finally块,finally块执行结束后,返回到try块中,返回i在try块中最后的值。

结论:try-catch都有return语句时,没有异常时,返回值是try中的return返回的。


3.try块中抛出异常,try、catch和finally中都有return语句

1234567891011121314151617181920 public static int WithException(){            int i=10;            try{                System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);                i = i/0;                return --i;            }            catch(Exception e){                System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);                --i;                System.out.println("i in catch block is:"+i);                return --i;            }            finally{                            System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is--"+i);                --i;                System.out.println("i in finally block is--"+i);                return --i;            }}

执行结果:

12345678 =============WithException==================i in try block is10i in catch - form try block is10i in catch block is9i in finally - from try or catch block is--8i in finally block is--76===============================

执行顺序:

   抛出异常后,执行catch块,在catch块的return的–i执行完后,并不直接返回而是执行finally,因finally中有return语句,所以,执行,返回结果6。

结论:

   try块中抛出异常,try、catch和finally中都有return语句,返回值是finally中的return。


4.try块中抛出异常,try和catch中都有return语句

1234567891011121314151617 public static int WithException1(){            int i=10;            try{                System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);                i=i/0;                return --i;            }catch(Exception e){                System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);                            return --i;            }finally{                                                                                                                                                                                      System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);                --i;                System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);                //return i;            }}

执行结果:

1234567 =============WithException1==================i in try block is10i in catch - form try block is10i in finally - from try or catch block is9i in finally block is89===============================

执行顺序:

   抛出异常后,执行catch块,执行完finally语句后,依旧返回catch中的执行return语句后的值,而不是finally中修改的值。

结论:

   返回的catch中return值。


5.try、catch中都出现异常,在finally中有返回

1234567891011121314151617181920 public static int WithException2(){            int i=10;            try{                System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);                i=i/0;                return --i;            }            catch(Exception e){                System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);                 int j = i/0;                return --i;            }            finally{                                                                                                       System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);                --i;                --i;                System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);                return --i;}

执行结果:

1234567 =============WithException2==================i in try block is:10i in catch - form try block is:10i in finally - from try or catch block is:10i in finally block is:87===============================

执行顺序:  

   try块中出现异常到catch,catch中出现异常到finally,finally中执行到return语句返回,不检查异常。

结论:

   返回finally中return值。


6、只在函数最后出现return语句

12345678910111213141516171819202122 public static int WithException3(){            int i=10;            try{                System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);                i=i/0;                //return --i;            }            catch(Exception e){                System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);                 //int j = i/0;                //return --i;            }            finally{                                                                                          System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);                --i;                --i;                System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);                //return --i;            }            return --i;}

执行结果:

1234567 =============WithException3==================i in try block is10i in catch - form try block is10i in finally - from try or catch block is10i in finally block is87===============================


总体结论:

结论一:

   return语句并不是函数的最终出口,如果有finally语句,这在return之后还会执行finally(return的值会暂存在栈里面,等待finally执行后再返回)
结论二:

   finally里面不建议放return语句,根据需要,return语句可以放在try和catch里面和函数的最后。可行的做法有四:
   (1)return语句只在函数最后出现一次
   (2)return语句仅在try和catch里面都出现。
   (3)return语句仅在try和函数的最后都出现。
   (4)return语句仅在catch和函数的最后都出现。
   注意,除此之外的其他做法都是不可行的,编译器会报错。