C++/CLI——读书笔记《Visual C++/CLI从入门到精通》 第Ⅳ部分

时间:2024-10-16 08:35:38

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第二十二章 使用非托管代码

  System::Runtime::InteropServices

  GCHandle

    GCHandle::Alloc

    GCHandle::Free

  gcroot辅助模板类

    代替对GCHandle的直接操作

    离开作用域时销毁

  auto_gcroot

    <auto_gcroot.h>

    离开作用域时调用析构函数

  混合类

    托管类中添加指向非托管对象的指针成员

      需要为托管类声明析构函数

      ref Classs ManagedClass

      {

      public:

        ~ManagedClass(){delete m_pUnc;}

      private:

        UnManagedClass* m_pUnC;

      }

    非托管类中添加托管类

      Class UnManagedClass

      {

      public:

        UnManagedClass(gcroot<ManagedClass^> gcrMC):m_gcrMC(gcrMC){}

      private:

        gcroot<ManagedClass^> m_gcrMC;

      }

 #include "stdafx.h"
#include <gcroot.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <atlstr.h> using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
ref class CPerson
{
public:
CPerson(int nAge, String^ strName) :m_nAge(nAge),m_strName(strName) {} int GetAge() { return m_nAge; }
String^ GetName() { return m_strName; } private:
int m_nAge;
String ^ m_strName;
}; class CPersonInfo
{
public:
CPersonInfo(gcroot<CPerson^> gcroPerson):m_oPerson(gcroPerson){}
int GetAge() { return m_oPerson->GetAge(); }
CString GetName()
{
return m_oPerson->GetName();
} private:
gcroot<CPerson^> m_oPerson;
}; int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
CPerson^ oPerson = gcnew CPerson(, L"Jack");
CPersonInfo oPersonInfo(oPerson); std::wcout << oPersonInfo.GetName().GetString() << L" " << oPersonInfo.GetAge() <<std::endl; return ;
}

  固定指针

    值不变的托管对象指针

    垃圾回收器不能移动它

    可以安全的传给非托管对象

    固定托管对象的成员造成整个托管对象都被固定

    只要存在对固定指针的引用,托管对象就会一直被固定

 #include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace System; void PrintANumber(int * pNumArr)
{
std::cout << *pNumArr << std::endl;
} int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
array<int>^ arrNum = gcnew array<int>{, , , , }; pin_ptr<int> pinNumArr = &arrNum[]; PrintANumber(pinNumArr); pinNumArr = nullptr; return ;
}

  dynamic_cast不匹配时返回null

  safe_cast不匹配时抛出异常

  包装了简单值的任何东西,只要大小不超过16字节就是和设计成值类型。

  装箱

    C++/CLI自动装箱

    装箱会发生值类型的按位拷贝

  拆箱

    通过强制类型转换

    safe_cast<>()

 #include "stdafx.h"

 using namespace System;

 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
int nNum = ;
Console::WriteLine(nNum); Object^ obj12 = nNum;
Console::WriteLine(obj12); int nNum12 = safe_cast<int>(obj12);
Console::WriteLine(nNum12); return ;
}

  P/Invoke

    封送  在托管代码和非托管代码之间传递数据/在托管代码和非托管代码之间自动转换 

#include "stdafx.h"                                                                

using namespace System;                                                            

using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;                                  

[DllImport("User32.dll",CharSet=CharSet::Auto)]                                    

//int MessageBox( HWND hWnd, LPCTSTR lpText, LPCTSTR lpCaption, UINT uType )
int MessageBox(IntPtr hWnd, String^ lpText, String^ lpCaption, unsigned int uType); int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
// Console::WriteLine(L"Hello World");
String^ strText = L"Text";
String^ strCaption = L"Caption";
MessageBox(IntPtr::Zero, strText, strCaption,0); return 0;
}
#include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System;

using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;

[DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint="MessageBox",CharSet = CharSet::Auto)]

//int MessageBox( HWND hWnd, LPCTSTR lpText, LPCTSTR lpCaption, UINT uType )
int ShowSomething(IntPtr hWnd, String^ lpText, String^ lpCaption, unsigned int uType); int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
// Console::WriteLine(L"Hello World");
String^ strText = L"Text";
String^ strCaption = L"Caption";
ShowSomething(IntPtr::Zero, strText, strCaption, 0); return 0;
}

  传递结构

    布局

      自动布局LayoutKind::Auto  让运行时优化布局 P/Invoke时不要用

      显式布局LayoutKind::Explicit  按定制的字节偏移量排列

      顺序布局LayoutKind::Sequential  托管和非托管同样的排列

#include "stdafx.h"

using namespace System;

using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;

[StructLayoutAttribute(LayoutKind::Sequential)]
ref class CPowerState
{
public:
System::Byte ACLineStatus;
System::Byte BatteryFlag;
System::Byte BatteryLifePercent;
System::Byte ReservedforNow;
System::UInt32 BatteryLifeTime;
System::UInt32 BatteryFullLifeTime;
}; typedef long BOOL; [DllImportAttribute("Kernel32.dll")]
BOOL GetSystemPowerStatus(CPowerState^ PS); int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
// Console::WriteLine(L"Hello World");
CPowerState^ oPS=gcnew CPowerState();
BOOL bRet=GetSystemPowerStatus(oPS); return 0;
}

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第二十三章 特性和反射

  元数据

    不知道在说什么

  使用预定义特性类

 #pragma once

 using namespace System;

 namespace MyDll {

     public ref class CTestClass
{
// TODO: 在此处添加此类的方法。
public:
CTestClass(int nVal):m_nVal(nVal){} [ObsoleteAttribute("Use the Var Property instead",false)]
int GetVal() { return m_nVal; } property int Val
{
int get() { return m_nVal; }
} private:
int m_nVal; };
}
 using namespace System;

 using namespace MyDll;

 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
CTestClass^ oTC = gcnew CTestClass();
int nVal = oTC->GetVal();
Console::WriteLine(L"{0}",nVal); return ;
}

  定义自己的特性

    特性类

      定位参数  必选参数  只读属性

      具名参数  可选参数  读写属性

    

 // CustomAttributes.h

 #pragma once

 using namespace System;

 namespace CustomAttributes {

     [AttributeUsageAttribute(AttributeTargets::Method|AttributeTargets::Property| AttributeTargets::Class)]
public ref class DocumentationAttributes:Attribute
{
// TODO: 在此处添加此类的方法。
public:
DocumentationAttributes(String^ strText):m_strText(strText) {}; property String^ Text
{
String^ get(){return m_strText;}
} property String^ Author
{
String^ get() { return m_strAuthor; }
void set(String^ strAuthor) { m_strAuthor=strAuthor; }
}
property String^ Date
{
String^ get() { return m_strDate; }
void set(String^ strDate) { m_strDate = strDate; }
} private:
String^ m_strText;
String^ m_strAuthor;
String^ m_strDate;
};
}
 #include "stdafx.h"

 using namespace System;

 using namespace CustomAttributes;

 [DocumentationAttributes("The TestAttrs class",Author="WLS")]
ref class TestAttrs
{
public:
[DocumentationAttributes("The TestAttrs class constructor takes an integer",Author="WLS",Date="2010/01/02")]
TestAttrs(int nV)
{
m_nVal = nV;
} [DocumentationAttributes("The read-only Value property returns the value of the int class number", Author = "WLS")]
property int Value
{
int get() { return m_nVal; }
} protected:
private:
int m_nVal;
}; int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
Console::WriteLine(L"Hello World");
return ;
}

  反射

    不知为何感觉少了点什么编译不通过

    而且对于C++/CLI来说,这个东西主要是用来支持别的语言吧?

 // UseAttributes.cpp: 主项目文件。

 #include "stdafx.h"

 using namespace System;

 using namespace MyDll;

 using namespace::Reflection;

 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
CTestClass^ oTC = gcnew CTestClass();
int nVal = oTC->GetVal(); Type^ t = oTC->GetType();
array<Object^>^ atts=t->GetCustomAttributes(true); array<MemberInfo^>^ mi = t->GetMembers(); for each(MemberInfo^ m in mi)
{
array<Object^>^ a = m->GetCustomAttributes(true); if (a->Length>)
{
Console::WriteLine("Attributes for member {0}", m->Name);
for each (Object^ attr in a)
{
Console::WriteLine("attribute is {0}", attr->ToString()); //DocumentationAttribute^ Da = dynamic_cast<DocumentationAttribute^>(attr); }
}
} Console::WriteLine(L"{0}",nVal); return ;
}

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第二十四章 兼容COM

  在.NET中使用COM

    RCW  运行时可调用包装器  封送  使用时无差别感受

 // ComWrapper.cpp: 主项目文件。

 #include "stdafx.h"

 using namespace System;

 using namespace TempConverterLib;

 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
Console::WriteLine(L"Hello World"); TempConverterLib::ConverterClass^ conv= gcnew TempConverterLib::ConverterClass(); double dF = conv->ConvertC2F(27.0); Console::WriteLine("27C is {0} F", dF); try
{
double dF = conv->ConvertC2F(-280.0); Console::WriteLine("-280C is {0} F", dF);
}
catch (Exception^ e)
{
Console::WriteLine("Exception from COM object:{0}", e->Message);
} return ;
}

  晚期绑定

 // LateBind.cpp: 主项目文件。

 #include "stdafx.h"

 using namespace System;

 int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
Guid g = Guid("75F3EDC5-AA71-437A-ACB6-F885C29E50F7"); Type^ t = Type::GetTypeFromCLSID(g); if (t==nullptr)
{
Console::WriteLine("");
} Object^ obj = System::Activator::CreateInstance(t); array<Object^>^ argarray = { 27.0 }; try
{
Object^ result = t->InvokeMember("ConvertC2F", Reflection::BindingFlags::InvokeMethod, nullptr, obj, argarray); double dF = Convert::ToDouble(result); Console::WriteLine("27C is {0}F", dF);
}
catch (Exception^ e)
{
Console::WriteLine("");
} return ;
}

  把.NET作为COM组件使用

    CCW  COM可调用包装器

    这个书不怎么讲这部分。

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大体看完了,有空仔细研读扩展。做做小东西。