彻底明白Android中AIDL及其使用

时间:2022-06-25 17:56:50

1、为什么要有AIDL?

无论学什么东西,最先得弄明白为什么要有这个东西,不要说存在即是合理,存在肯定合理,但是你还是没有明白。对于AIDL有一些人的浅显概念就是,AIDL可以跨进程访问其他应用程序,和其他应用程序通讯,那我告诉你,很多技术都可以访问,如广播(应用A在 Android Manifest.xml中注册指定Action的广播)应用B发送指定Action的广播,A就能收到信息,这样也能看成不同应用之间完成了通讯(但是这种通讯是单向的);还如ContentProvider,通过URI接口暴露数据给其他应用访问;但是这种都算不上是应用之间的通讯。可能最让人迷惑的是Android推出来了Messager,它就是完成应用之间的通讯的。那么为什么还要有AIDL呢,官方文档介绍AIDL中有这么一句话: ?
1 Note:
Using AIDL is necessary only
if
you allow clients from different applications to access your service
for
IPC and want to handle multithreading in your service. If you
do
not need to perform concurrent IPC across different applications, you should create your
interface
by implementing a Binder or,
if
you want to perform IPC, but
do
not need to handle multithreading, implement your
interface
using a Messenger. Regardless, be sure that you understand Bound Services before implementing an AIDL.
第一句最重要,“只有当你允许来自不同的客户端访问你的服务并且需要处理多线程问题时你才必须使用AIDL”,其他情况下你都可以选择其他方法,如使用Messager,也能跨进程通讯。可见AIDL是处理多线程、多客户端并发访问的。而Messager是单线程处理。还是官方文档说的明白,一句话就可以理解为什么要有AIDL。那么是不是这样的写个AIDL试试。

2、AIDL使用

第一、定义AIDL文件 ?
12345678910111213141516 //
IRemoteService.aidl
package
com.example.android;
 //
Declare any non-default types here with import statements
 /**
Example service interface */
interface
IRemoteService {
    /** Request the process ID of this service, to do evil things with it. */    int
getPid();
     /** Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters     * and return values in AIDL.     */    void
basicTypes(
int
anInt,
long
aLong,
boolean
aBoolean,
float
aFloat,
            double
aDouble, String aString);
}
这段代码也是官方文档的。命名为IRemoteService.aidl,放在com.example.android包下(这个可以随意),保存后Android编译器会在gen目录下自动生成IRemoteService.java文件 第二、定义我们的服务,DDService.java,并且需要在AndroidManifest.xml中注册,并添加“duanqing.test.aidl” 的ACTION ?
1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435 package
com.example.service;
 import
com.example.android.IRemoteService;
 import
android.app.Service;
import
android.content.Intent;
import
android.os.IBinder;
import
android.os.Process;
 public
class
DDService extends
Service {
    @Override    public
void
onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();        System.out.println("DDService onCreate........" + "Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());    }    @Override    public
IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
        System.out.println("DDService onBind");        return
mBinder;
    }     private
final
IRemoteService.Stub mBinder = new
IRemoteService.Stub() {
        public
int
getPid(){
            System.out.println("Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());            System.out.println("DDService getPid ");            return
Process.myPid();
        }        public
void
basicTypes(int
anInt,
long
aLong,
boolean
aBoolean,
            float
aFloat,
double
aDouble, String aString) {
            System.out.println("Thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());            System.out.println("basicTypes aDouble: " + aDouble +" anInt: " + anInt+" aBoolean " + aBoolean+" aString " + aString);        }    }; }

这样我们的服务端就完成了,把服务端运行到模拟器(或者手机上),等一会可以看一下打印信息,重点看“线程名” 
第三、实现客户端测试代码 新建另一个工程,同样需要添加AIDL协议文件(这是一个标准的协议文件,定义对外服务),这里我列出来我的测试代码: ?
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960 package
com.example.aidlclient;
 import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.content.ComponentName;
import
android.content.Context;
import
android.content.Intent;
import
android.content.ServiceConnection;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.os.IBinder;
import
android.os.Process;
import
android.os.RemoteException;
import
android.view.View;
 import
com.example.android.IRemoteService;
 public
class
MainActivity extends
Activity {
    private
IRemoteService remoteService;
    @Override    public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);    }         ServiceConnection conn = new
ServiceConnection() {
                 @Override        public
void
onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
        }                 @Override        public
void
onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            remoteService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);            try
{
                int
pid = remoteService.getPid();
                int
currentPid = Process.myPid();
                System.out.println("currentPID: " + currentPid +"  remotePID: " + pid);                remoteService.basicTypes(12,1223,true,12.2f,12.3,"我们的爱,我明白");            }catch
(RemoteException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();            }            System.out.println("bind success! " + remoteService.toString());        }    };             /**     * 监听按钮点击     * @param view     */    public
void
buttonClick(View view) {
        System.out.println("begin bindService");        Intent intent = new
Intent(
"duanqing.test.aidl");
        bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);    }     @Override    protected
void
onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();        unbindService(conn);    }}
4、执行 点击客户端按钮,执行,看打印信息: 彻底明白Android中AIDL及其使用