Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

时间:2024-10-09 20:37:27

参考文档:

  1. Prometheus github:https://github.com/prometheus
  2. grafana github:https://github.com/grafana/grafana
  3. Prometheus getting_started:https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/getting_started/
  4. Prometheus node_exporter:https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter
  5. Prometheus部署(docker,optional):https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/installation/
  6. Prometheus配置文件详解:https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/

一.环境

1. 拓扑

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

2. 节点

Node

OS

Hostname

IP

Remark

prometheus& grafana server

centos 7.4

prometheus

172.20.1.211

 

prometheus node

centos 7.4

node1

172.20.1.212

 

3. 版本(截止20171130)

二.部署prometheus

在prometheus& grafana server节点部署prometheus服务。

1. 下载&部署

# 下载
[root@prometheus src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@prometheus src]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.0.0/prometheus-2.0.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz # 部署到/usr/local/目录
# promethus不用编译安装,解压目录中有配置文件与启动文件
[root@prometheus src]# tar -zxvf prometheus-2.0.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@prometheus src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@prometheus local]# mv prometheus-2.0.0.linux-amd64/ prometheus/ # 验证
[root@prometheus local]# cd prometheus/
[root@prometheus prometheus]# ./prometheus --version

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

2. 配置文件

# 解压目录中的prometheus.yml
# 简单验证,主要配置采用默认文件配置,有修改/新增处用红色标示
[root@prometheus prometheus]# vim prometheus.yml
# 全局配置
global:
scrape_interval: 15s # 设置抓取(pull)时间间隔,默认是1m
evaluation_interval: 15s # 设置rules评估时间间隔,默认是1m
# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s). # 告警管理配置,暂未使用,默认配置
alerting:
alertmanagers:
- static_configs:
- targets:
# - alertmanager:9093 # 加载rules,并根据设置的时间间隔定期评估,暂未使用,默认配置
rule_files:
# - "first_rules.yml"
# - "second_rules.yml" # 抓取(pull),即监控目标配置
# 默认只有主机本身的监控配置
scrape_configs:
# 监控目标的label(这里的监控目标只是一个metric,而不是指某特定主机,可以在特定主机取多个监控目标),在抓取的每条时间序列表中都会添加此label
- job_name: 'prometheus' # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
# scheme defaults to 'http'. # 可覆盖全局配置设置的抓取间隔,由15秒重写成5秒。
scrape_interval: 5s # 静态指定监控目标,暂不涉及使用一些服务发现机制发现目标
static_configs:
- targets: ['localhost:9090']
# (opentional)再添加一个label,标识了监控目标的主机
labels:
instance: prometheus - job_name: 'linux'
scrape_interval: 10s
static_configs:
# 采用node_exporter默认开放的端口
- targets: ['172.20.1.212:9100']
labels:
instance: node1

3. 设置用户

# 添加用户,后期用此账号启动服务
[root@prometheus prom etheus]# groupadd prometheus
[root@prometheus prometheus]# useradd -g prometheus -s /sbin/nologin prometheus # 赋权
[root@prometheus prometheus]# cd ~
[root@prometheus ~]# chown -R prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/prometheus/ # 创建prometheus运行数据目录
[root@prometheus ~]# mkdir -p /var/lib/prometheus
[root@prometheus ~]# chown -R prometheus:prometheus /var/lib/prometheus/

4. 设置开机启动

[root@prometheus ~]# touch /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service
[root@prometheus ~]# chown prometheus:prometheus /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service [root@prometheus ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/prometheus.service
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target [Service]
# Type设置为notify时,服务会不断重启
Type=simple
User=prometheus
# --storage.tsdb.path是可选项,默认数据目录在运行目录的./dada目录中
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus
Restart=on-failure [Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target # 设置开机启动
[root@prometheus ~]# systemctl enable Prometheus
[root@prometheus ~]# systemctl start prometheus

5. 设置iptables

[root@prometheus ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 9090 -j ACCEPT [root@prometheus ~]# service iptables restart

6. 启动并验证

1)查看服务状态

[root@prometheus ~]# systemctl status prometheus

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

[root@prometheus ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep 9090

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

2)web ui

Prometheus自带有简单的UI,http://172.20.1.211:9090

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

在Status菜单下,Configuration,Rule,Targets等,

Statu-->Configuration展示prometheus.yml的配置,如下:

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

Statu-->Targets展示监控具体的监控目标,这里监控目标"linux"暂未设置node_exporter,未scrape数据,如下:

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

7. 绘图

访问:http://172.20.1.211:9090/metrics,查看从exporter具体能抓到的数据,如下:

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

访问:http://172.20.1.211:9090,在输入框中任意输入1个exporter能抓取得值,点击"Execute"与"Execute"按钮,即可见相应抓取数据的图形,同时可对时间与unit做调整,如下:

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

三.部署node_exporter

Node_exporter收集机器的系统数据,这里采用prometheus官方提供的exporter,除node_exporter外,官方还提供consul,memcached,haproxy,mysqld等exporter,具体可查看官网。

这里在prometheus node节点部署相关服务。

1. 下载&部署

# 下载
[root@node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@node1 src]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.15.1/node_exporter-0.15.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz # 部署
[root@node1 src]# tar -zxvf node_exporter-0.15.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@node1 src]# cd /usr/local/
[root@node1 local]# mv node_exporter-0.15.1.linux-amd64/ node_exporter/

2. 设置用户

[root@node1 ~]# groupadd prometheus
[root@node1 ~]# useradd -g prometheus -s /sbin/nologin prometheus
[root@node1 ~]# chown -R prometheus:prometheus /usr/local/node_exporter/

3. 设置开机启动

[root@node1 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
Documentation=https://prometheus.io/
After=network.target [Service]
Type=simple
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure [Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable node_exporter
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start node_exporter

4. 设置iptables

# 官方node_exporter默认使用9100端口
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 9100 -j ACCEPT [root@node1 ~]# service iptables restart

5. 验证

访问:http://172.20.1.211:9090,可见node1主机已经可被监控,如下:

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

四.部署grafana

在prometheus& grafana server节点部署grafana服务。

1. 下载&安装

# 下载
[root@prometheus ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@prometheus src]# wget https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/grafana-releases/release/grafana-4.6.2-1.x86_64.rpm # 安装
[root@prometheus src]# yum localinstall grafana-4.6.2-1.x86_64.rpm

2. 配置文件

配置文件位于/etc/grafana/grafana.ini,这里暂时保持默认配置即可。

3. 设置开机启动

[root@prometheus src]# systemctl enable grafana-server
[root@prometheus src]# systemctl start grafana-server

4. 设置iptables

# grafana-server默认使用3000端口
[root@prometheus src]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 3000 -j ACCEPT [root@prometheus src]# service iptables restart

5. 添加数据源

1)登陆

访问:http://172.20.1.211:3000,默认账号/密码:admin/admin

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

2)添加数据源

在登陆首页,点击"Add data source"按钮,跳转到添加数据源页面,配置如下:

Name: prometheus

Type: prometheus

URL: http://localhost:9090/

Access: proxy

取消Default的勾选,其余默认,点击"Add",如下:

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

在"Dashboards"页签下"import"自带的模版,如下:

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

6. 导入dashboard

从grafana官网下载相关dashboaed到本地,如:https://grafana.com/dashboards/405

Grafana首页-->左上角图标-->Dashboard-->import

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

Upload已下载至本地的json文件(或者使用dashboard id,如这里的405),如下:

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

数据源选择"prometheus",即添加的数据源name,点击"Import"按钮,如下:

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

7. 查看dashboard

Grafana首页-->左上角图标-->Dashboard-->Home,Home下拉列表中可见有已添加的两个dashboard,"Prometheus Stats"与"Node Exporter Server Metrics",选择1个即可,如下:

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践

Prometheus+Grafana监控部署实践