写了这么多年的Linux下C/C++代码,一直使用getopt_long来解析命令行参数,同时定义一个全局的struct来保存各个命令行参数的值。虽然用得比较“繁琐”,但也安于现状。最近突然发现了Google早在多年前就开源了一个解析命令行参数的“神器”gflags。赶紧来爽一把。
安装
1、去官网下载一个最新的版本(gflags-2.1.1.tar.gz)。
2、现在流行cmake的构建方式,gflags的最新版本也改为使用cmake了。还好我最近也刚刚学习了cmake,算是跟上了潮流。
[amcool@leoox soft]$ tar xzvf gflags-2.1.1.tar.gz
[amcool@leoox soft]$ cd gflags-2.1.1
[amcool@leoox gflags-2.1.1]$ mkdir build
[amcool@leoox gflags-2.1.1]$ cd build/
[amcool@leoox build]$ cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/amcool/local/gflags-2.1.1
[amcool@leoox build]$ make
[amcool@leoox build]$ make install
就是这么简单,安装成功了。值得注意的是,我这里新建了一个build文件夹,即采用“外部构建”的方式。这样编译过程中产生的中间文件(比如.o文件)就都放在build里,不会“污染”gflags源码,做到干干净净。
爽一把
1、既然安装好了,那赶紧来写个简单的代码来爽一把。话不多说,代码才是王道!
// demo.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <gflags/gflags.h>
using namespace std;
DEFINE_string(confPath, "../conf/setup.ini", "program configure file.");
DEFINE_int32(port, 9090, "program listen port");
DEFINE_bool(daemon, true, "run daemon mode");
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
gflags::ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
cout << "confPath = " << FLAGS_confPath << endl;
cout << "port = " << FLAGS_port << endl;
if (FLAGS_daemon) {
cout << "run background ..." << endl;
}
else {
cout << "run foreground ..." << endl;
}
cout << "good luck and good bye!" << endl;
gflags::ShutDownCommandLineFlags();
return 0;
}
2、很明显,接下来就是要编译了。这里直接用g++写一行命令就可以编译了。但是既然学了cmake,那就“大材小用”一次吧。
project(demo)
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
set(CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE on)
include_directories("/home/amcool/local/gflags-2.1.1/include")
link_directories("/home/amcool/local/gflags-2.1.1/lib")
add_executable(demo demo.cpp)
target_link_libraries(demo gflags pthread)
3、那当然就是编译了
[amcool@leoox demo]$ ls
CMakeLists.txt demo.cpp
[amcool@leoox demo]$ mkdir build
[amcool@leoox demo]$ cd build
[amcool@leoox build]$ cmake ..
[amcool@leoox build]$ ls
CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles cmake_install.cmake Makefile
[amcool@leoox build]$ make
[amcool@leoox build]$ ls
CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles cmake_install.cmake demo Makefile
[amcool@leoox build]$
设定命令行参数
1、直接运行,得到的就是我们设定的默认参数。(聪明的你,结合代码一看,就知道参数的默认值是什么了)
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo
confPath = ../conf/setup.ini
port = 9090
run background ...
good luck and good bye!
2、设定参数值
i)可以用 –参数名=参数值 或者 -参数名=参数值 的方式来设定参数值。
ii)对于bool类型的参数,除了上述方式外,还可以用 –参数名 的方式设定为true(即不带值), 使用 –no参数名 的方式设定为false。为了统一,我建议都使用 上面的 第 i)种方法来设定参数。
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo --port=8888 --confPath=./setup.ini --daemon=true
confPath = ./setup.ini
port = 8888
run background ...
good luck and good bye!
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo -port=8888 -confPath=./setup.ini -daemon=false
confPath = ./setup.ini
port = 8888
run foreground ...
good luck and good bye!
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo -port=8888 -confPath=./setup.ini -daemon
confPath = ./setup.ini
port = 8888
run background ...
good luck and good bye!
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo -port=8888 -confPath=./setup.ini -nodaemon
confPath = ./setup.ini
port = 8888
run foreground ...
good luck and good bye!
[amcool@leoox build]$
3、从文件读入“命令行”参数
如果我们的程序比较牛逼,配置项非常多,也就是说命令行参数很多,那你每次启动都要一个一个的输入,那岂不是很麻烦?gflags已经帮我们解决了,用 –flagfile=命令行文件 的方式就可以了。你接着往下看,就明白了。param.cmd就是上面说的命令行文件。
[amcool@leoox build]$ vi param.cmd
--port=8888
--confPath=./setup.ini
--daemon=true
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo --flagfile=param.cmd
confPath = ./setup.ini
port = 8888
run background ...
good luck and good bye!
[amcool@leoox build]$
4、从环境变量读入参数值
gflags另外还给我们提供了 –fromenv 和 –tryfromenv 参数,通过这两个参数,我们的程序可以从环境变量中获取到具体的值。两者有什么不一样呢。你看到他们的区别仅仅是有无“try”,聪明的你一定猜到了。
–fromenv 从环境变量读取参数值 –fromenv=port,confPath 表明要从环境变量读取port,confPath两个参数的值。但是当无法从环境变量中获取到的时候,会报错,同时程序退出。【注意:gflags的变量名是 FLAGS_我们定义的参数名,开篇的代码里,估计细心的你已经发现了】
–tryfromenv 与–fromenv类似,当参数的没有在环境变量定义时,不退出。
也来一个例子,一看便明了。
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo --fromenv=port,confPath
ERROR: FLAGS_confPath not found in environment
ERROR: FLAGS_port not found in environment
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo --tryfromenv=port,confPath
confPath = ../conf/setup.ini
port = 9090
run background ...
good luck and good bye!
[amcool@leoox build]$ export FLAGS_confPath=./loveyou.ini
[amcool@leoox build]$ export FLAGS_port=36888
[amcool@leoox build]$ env | grep FLAGS
FLAGS_port=36888
FLAGS_confPath=./loveyou.ini
[amcool@leoox build]$
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo --fromenv=port,confPath
confPath = ./loveyou.ini
port = 36888
run background ...
good luck and good bye!
版本号和帮助信息
我们一般使用程序的时候,都离不开两个参数 –version 和 –help。来看看上面实现的demo能否支持呢?
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo --version
demo
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo --help
demo: Warning: SetUsageMessage() never called
Flags from /home/thrift/program/gflags/demo/demo.cpp:
-confPath (program configure file.) type: string
default: "../conf/setup.ini"
-daemon (run daemon mode) type: bool default: true
-port (program listen port) type: int32 default: 9090
哈,help支持了,但是version没支持,而且help信息里面还有waring。没关系,我们可以用 SetVersionString() 和 SetUsageMessage() 方法来满足需求。修改后的代码如下:
【注意:SetVersionString() 和 SetUsageMessage() 一定要在 ParseCommandLineFlags() 之前设定。】
#include <iostream>
#include <gflags/gflags.h>
using namespace std;
DEFINE_string(confPath, "../conf/setup.ini", "program configure file.");
DEFINE_int32(port, 9090, "program listen port");
DEFINE_bool(daemon, true, "run daemon mode");
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
gflags::SetVersionString("1.0.0.0");
gflags::SetUsageMessage("Usage : ./demo ");
gflags::ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
cout << "confPath = " << FLAGS_confPath << endl;
cout << "port = " << FLAGS_port << endl;
if (FLAGS_daemon) {
cout << "run background ..." << endl;
}
else {
cout << "run foreground ..." << endl;
}
cout << "good luck and good bye!" << endl;
gflags::ShutDownCommandLineFlags();
return 0;
}
可以来炫一把了:
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo --version
demo version 1.0.0.0
[amcool@leoox build]$ ./demo --help
demo: Usage : ./demo
Flags from /home/amcool/program/gflags/demo/demo.cpp:
-confPath (program configure file.) type: string
default: "../conf/setup.ini"
-daemon (run daemon mode) type: bool default: true
-port (program listen port) type: int32 default: 9090
Flags from /home/amcool/soft/gflags-2.1.1/src/gflags.cc:
-flagfile (load flags from file) type: string default: ""
-fromenv (set flags from the environment [use 'export FLAGS_flag1=value'])
type: string default: ""
-tryfromenv (set flags from the environment if present) type: string
default: ""
-undefok (comma-separated list of flag names that it is okay to specify on
the command line even if the program does not define a flag with that
name. IMPORTANT: flags in this list that have arguments MUST use the
flag=value format) type: string default: ""
Flags from /home/amcool/soft/gflags-2.1.1/src/gflags_completions.cc:
-tab_completion_columns (Number of columns to use in output for tab
completion) type: int32 default: 80
-tab_completion_word (If non-empty, HandleCommandLineCompletions() will
hijack the process and attempt to do bash-style command line flag
completion on this value.) type: string default: ""
Flags from /home/amcool/soft/gflags-2.1.1/src/gflags_reporting.cc:
-help (show help on all flags [tip: all flags can have two dashes])
type: bool default: false currently: true
-helpfull (show help on all flags -- same as -help) type: bool
default: false
-helpmatch (show help on modules whose name contains the specified substr)
type: string default: ""
-helpon (show help on the modules named by this flag value) type: string
default: ""
-helppackage (show help on all modules in the main package) type: bool
default: false
-helpshort (show help on only the main module for this program) type: bool
default: false
-helpxml (produce an xml version of help) type: bool default: false
-version (show version and build info and exit) type: bool default: false
[amcool@leoox build]$