一、实验目的和要求：
1.理解模板的作用。
2.掌握函数模板的声明方法和模板函数的生成方法。
3.掌握类模板的声明方法和模板类的生成方法。
4.掌握运算符重载的基本方法；
5.掌握c++函数的重载机制；
二、实验内容和要求
1. 编写一求两个数的最大值的函数Max，要求用模板实现对任意数据类型数据都可应用该函数求取结果，在main（）函数中分别用整型、实型、字符型数据进行测试。
2.编写一冒泡排序的函数模板，能够对不同类型的数据进行排序
3.试编写一个栈的类模板（包括其成员函数定义），以便为任何类型的对象提供栈结构数据的操作。操作至少包括：入栈和出栈操作。
4.
用运算符重载设计复数类，实现复数的+、-、*、/和<<运算
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
T Max(T t1, T t2)
{
if (t1 >= t2)
return t1;
else
return t2;
}
int main()
{
cout <<" Max(2.2, 3.3) "<< Max(2.2, 3.3) << endl;
cout << " Max(4, 3) " << Max(4, 3) << endl;
cout << " Max('b', 'c') " << Max('b', 'c') << endl;
return 0;
}
2.
#include "iostream"
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
void Paixu(T array[],int n)
{
T temp;
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < n - 1 - i; j++)
{
if (array[j] > array[j + 1])
{
temp = array[j];
array[j] = array[j + 1];
array[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
int i = 0;
int A[] = { 1,3,2,4,6,5 };
Paixu(A, 6);
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
cout << A[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
double B[] = { 1.2,3.1,2.1, 5.1, 6.2,4.2 };
Paixu(B, 6);
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
cout << B[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
char C[] = { 'a','s','w','y','c','d' };
Paixu(C, 6);
for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
{
cout << C[i]<<" ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
3.
#include "iostream"
using namespace std;
const int depth = 20;
template <typename T>
class Stack
{
public:
Stack() { sp = 0; }
T pop();
void push(T data);
private:
T stack[depth];
int sp;
};
template <typename T>
T Stack<T>::pop()
{
if (sp == 0)
{
cout << "Stack is empty" << endl;
}
if (sp > 0)
{
return stack[--sp];
}
return 0;
}
template <typename T>
void Stack<T>::push(T data)
{
if (sp < depth)
{
stack[sp++] = data;
}
else
{
cout << "Stack is full" << endl;
}
}
int main()
{
Stack<int>z;
int a;
z.push(1);
z.push(2);
z.push(3);
z.push(4);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
a = z.pop();
cout << a << " ";
}
cout << endl;
char b;
z.push('a');
z.push('b');
z.push('c');
z.push('d');
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
{
b = z.pop();
cout << b << " ";
}
cout << endl;
return 0;
}
4.
#include "iostream"
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
double real,imag;
Complex(){real=0;imag=0;}
Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;}
Complex operator+(Complex &c)
{
Complex temp;
temp.real=real+c.real;
temp.imag=imag+c.imag;
return temp;
}
Complex operator-(Complex &c)
{
Complex temp;
temp.real=real-c.real;
temp.imag=imag-c.imag;
return temp;
}
Complex operator*(Complex &c)
{
Complex temp;
temp.real=real*c.real-imag*c.imag;
temp.imag=imag*c.real+real*c.imag;
return temp;
}
Complex operator/(Complex &c)
{
Complex temp;
temp.real=(real*c.real-imag*c.imag)/(c.real*c.real+c.imag*c.imag);
temp.imag=(imag*c.real-real*c.imag)/(c.real*c.real+c.imag*c.imag);
return temp;
}
void show()
{
if(imag>=0)
cout<<real<<"+"<<imag<<"i"<<endl;
if(imag<0)
cout<<real<<imag<<"i"<<endl;
}
};
int main()
{
Complex com(2 , 4);
Complex com2(1 ,-3);
Complex com3;
cout<<"com=2+4i "<<"com3=1-3i"<<endl;
com3=com2+com;
cout<<"com3=com+com2= ";
com3.show();
com3=com-com2;
cout<<"com3=com-com2= ";
com3.show();
com3=com*com2;
cout<<"com3=com*com2= ";
com3.show();
com3=com/com2;
cout<<"com3=com/com2= ";
com3.show();
return 0;
}
5.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
private: int x,y;
public:
A(){}
A(int a,int b)
{
x=a;
y=b;
}
friend istream & operator>>(istream &is,A &obj); //声名为友元函数
friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &os,A &obj);
};
ostream &operator <<(ostream &os,A &obj) //输出运算符重载
{
os<<"x="<<obj.x<<" y="<<obj.y<<endl;
return os;
}
istream &operator>>(istream &is,A &obj) //输入运算符重载
{
is>>obj.x;
is>>obj.y;
return is;
}
int main()
{
A p1(1 ,2);
A p2;
cout<<p1<<endl;
cout<<"input x y="<<endl;
cin>>p2;
cout<<p2;
return 0;
}