一、ID生成策略配置
1、ID生成方式在xml中配置方式:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="cn.orlion.hibernate.model">
<class name="Student" table="student"><!-- 如果表名与类名相同可以不用写table属性 -->
<!-- 用id映射主键 -->
<id name="id"> <!-- 列名相同可以不指定column属性 -->
<generator class="native"></generator><!-- 在这里设置id生成方式 -->
</id> <property name="name" column="name"></property>
<property name="age"></property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
2、ID用注解配置:
在ID注解下添加注解@generatedValue,只有四种方式,默认的策略是auto
配置方式:@genetatedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
(1)AUTO - 相当于采用xml中native方式
(2)TABLE - 使用表保存id值
(3)IDENTITY - identity column
(4)SEQUENCE - sequence
在类名上添加注解@SequenceGenerator(name="teacherSEQ" , sequenceName="teacherSEQ_DB");定义sequence生成器,name属性指定的是生成器名字,sequenceName指定的是sequence名字
在getId()方法上添加注解@genetatoedValue(strategy=GenerationType.SEQUENCE , generator="teacherSEQ")表示采用sequence生成策略,采用生成器是teacherSEQ
二、ID主要生成策略
hibernate中id生成主要方式有:
(1)native:根据不同的数据库采用不同的ID生成方式,例如:在SQL Server中采用identity; 在MySQL中采用auto_increment; 在ORACLE中就会采用sequence。
(2)uuid:原理是使用128位的uuid算法产生主键,从而能够确保网络环境下的一致性。使用此生成策略时,实体类的主键是String类型的,映射成表中字段为varchar。适用所有数据库。
(3)identity:这种策略在采用SQL Server时,相当于SQL Server的identity关键字。
(4)sequence:在 Oracle中使用序列(sequence)。返回的标识符是long, short或者 int类型的。
三、联合主键
1、xml文件方式配置联合主键
单独建一个类作为主键类,以Student类为例,假设student有两个主键id和name,那么可以建一个主键类StudentPK,主键类中包含两个属性即student的两个主键,而且要实现Serializable接口,覆盖equals和hashCode方法:
package cn.orlion.hibernate.model;
// 实现Serializable接口
public class StudentPK implements java.io.Serializable{ private int id; private String name; public int getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
// 覆盖equals方法
public boolean equals(Object o){ if (o instanceof StudentPK) {
StudentPK pk = (StudentPK)o;
return this.id == pk.getId() && this.name.equals(((StudentPK) o).getName());
} return false;
}
// 覆盖hashCode方法
public int hashCode(){
return this.name.hashCode();
}
}
这时Student应该去掉int和name属性然后加上StudentPK属性,如下:
package cn.orlion.hibernate.model; public class Student { private StudentPK spk; // private int id;
//
// private String name; public StudentPK getSpk() {
return spk;
} public void setSpk(StudentPK spk) {
this.spk = spk;
} private int age; // public int getId() {
// return id;
// }
//
// public void setId(int id) {
// this.id = id;
// }
//
// public String getName() {
// return name;
// }
//
// public void setName(String name) {
// this.name = name;
// } public int getAge() {
return age;
} public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
然后修改配置文件为:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="cn.orlion.hibernate.model">
<class name="Student" table="student"><!-- 如果表名与类名相同可以不用写table属性 -->
<!-- 在这里修改主键配置 -->
<composite-id name="spk" class="cn.orlion.hibernate.model.StudentPK">
<key-property name="id"></key-property>
<key-property name="name"></key-property>
</composite-id> <property name="age"></property>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
这样往数据库中插入一条数据就应该下new一个StudentPK,然后再new一个Student对象:
StudentPK spk = new StudentPK();
spk.setId(1);
spk.setName("test1");
Student t = new Student();
t.setSpk(spk);
// t.setName("test1");
t.setAge(1); Session session = sf.openSession(); session.beginTransaction();
session.save(t);
session.getTransaction().commit(); session.close();
2、注解方式配置联合主键
共有三种方式:
(1)将组件类注解为@Embeddable,并将组件的属性注解为@ID
具体过程:
创建组件类:TeacherPK(实现serializable接口,覆盖equals和hashCode方法)
package cn.orlion.hibernate.model; import javax.persistence.Embeddable; @Embeddable
public class TeacherPK implements java.io.Serializable{ private int id; private String name; public int getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
// 覆盖equals方法
public boolean equals(Object o){ if (o instanceof StudentPK) {
StudentPK pk = (StudentPK)o;
return this.id == pk.getId() && this.name.equals(((StudentPK) o).getName());
} return false;
}
// 覆盖hashCode方法
public int hashCode(){
return this.name.hashCode();
}
}
然后Teacher类:(注释掉id和name属性,添加TeacherPK属性,并加上注解@Id)
package cn.orlion.hibernate.model; import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id; @Entity
public class Teacher{ private TeacherPK tpk; // private int id;
//
// private String name;
@Id
public TeacherPK getTpk() {
return tpk;
} public void setTpk(TeacherPK tpk) {
this.tpk = tpk;
} private String title;
// @Id
// @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
// public int getId() {
// return id;
// }
//
// public void setId(int id) {
// this.id = id;
// }
//
// public String getName() {
// return name;
// }
//
// public void setName(String name) {
// this.name = name;
// } public String getTitle() {
return title;
} public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
}
保存teacher对象的时候:
TeacherPK tpk = new TeacherPK();
tpk.setId(1);
tpk.setName("test1");
Teacher t = new Teacher();
t.setTpk(tpk);
// t.setName("test2");
t.setTitle("title1"); Session session = sf.openSession(); session.beginTransaction();
session.save(t);
session.getTransaction().commit(); session.close();
可以看到建表:
(2)在组件属性添加注解@EmbeddedId
具体为:去掉TeacherPK类上的注解@Embeddable,然后在Teacher类中的getTpk()方法上的注解由@Id改为@EmbeddedId
(3)将类注解为@IdClass,并将该实体中所有属于主键的属性都注解为@Id
具体:
修改Teacher类为:(注:id生成策略设为AUTO的时候会在TeacherPK的setId()方法上抛出一个异常IllegalArgumentException,"POST_INSERT_INDICATOR")
package cn.orlion.hibernate.model; import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.IdClass; @Entity
@IdClass(TeacherPK.class)
public class Teacher{ private int id; private String name; private String title;
@Id
public int getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Id
public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public String getTitle() {
return title;
} public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
}
TeacherPK:
package cn.orlion.hibernate.model; public class TeacherPK implements java.io.Serializable{ private int id; private String name; public int getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
// 覆盖equals方法
public boolean equals(Object o){ if (o instanceof StudentPK) {
StudentPK pk = (StudentPK)o;
return this.id == pk.getId() && this.name.equals(((StudentPK) o).getName());
} return false;
}
// 覆盖hashCode方法
public int hashCode(){
return this.name.hashCode();
}
}
保存Teacher对象的时候:
Teacher t = new Teacher();
t.setName("test1");
t.setId(1);
t.setTitle("title1"); Session session = sf.openSession(); session.beginTransaction();
session.save(t);
session.getTransaction().commit(); session.close();