索引器是什么?有什么作用?索引器允许类的实例以访问数组的形式来访问对象里面的属性。如我们经常可以看到类似于dr[“name”]=”test”,或者说以config[“connectString”]来获取连接字符串的值。这都是使用索引器的例子,那么我们如何在自己的类中来定义索引器呢?
索引器的简单使用
其实索引器的定义非常简单,只需要使用this关键字即可。This关键字表示的是当前实例化的对象,所以通过这点,就知道索引器不能是静态的,它只能是实例化后才能使用。看下面的例子:
1: public class People:IAnimal
2: {
3: private string strName;
4:
5: public string StrName
6: {
7: get { return strName; }
8: set { strName = value; }
9: }
10:
11: private string strNo;
12:
13: public string StrNo
14: {
15: get { return strNo; }
16: set { strNo = value; }
17: }
18:
19:
20: public string this[int a]
21: {
22: get
23: {
24: if (a == 0)
25: {
26: return this.strName;
27: }
28: else
29: {
30: return this.strNo;
31: }
32: }
33:
34: set
35: {
36: if (a == 0)
37: {
38: this.strName = value;
39: }
40: else
41: {
42: this.strNo = value;
43: }
44: }
45: }
46:
47: }
这就定义了一个参数为int类型的索引器,然后你在代码里面就可以通过数组的形式来给这个对象里面的属性赋值,也可以通过这种形式来读取这个对象的属性。
1: static void Main(string[] args)
2: {
3: People p = new People();
4: p.StrName = "zhangsan";
5: p.StrNo = "11111";
6: //p[0] = "zhangsan";
7: //p[1] = "11111";
8:
9: Console.WriteLine("索引器" + p[0] + ";直接读取属性值:" + p.StrName);
10: Console.WriteLine("索引器" + p[1] + ";直接读取属性值:" + p.StrNo);
11: Console.ReadLine();
12: }
也可以定义一个参数为String的索引器,那么在索引的时候,就可以输入一个字符串,然后通过数组的形式来访问某个对象的属性。如:
1: public string this[string str]
2: {
3: get
4: {
5: if (str == "name")
6: {
7: return this.strName;
8: }
9: if (str == "no")
10: {
11: return this.strNo;
12: }
13:
14: throw new Exception("未找到对应的属性");
15: }
16:
17: set
18: {
19: if (str == "name")
20: {
21: this.strName = value;
22: return;
23: }
24: if (str == "no")
25: {
26: this.strNo = value;
27: return;
28: }
29:
30: throw new Exception("未找到对应的属性");
31:
32: }
33: }
在接口中定义索引器
索引器是可以在接口中进行定义的,定义的形式如下:
1: interface IAnimal
2: {
3: void Say();
4: //注意此处需要写上get,set而且后面还不能有分号
5: string this[string str]{get;set;}
6: }
调用及实现的时候,就跟调用和实现普通的方法是差不多的。
索引器的应用(读取配置文件)
定义一个Xml文件如下,读取里面的配置信息:
1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
2: <connectstring >
3: <name key="db1" value="Database=test1111,userId=zhangsan,password=123;">
4: </name>
5: <name key="db2" value="Database=test2222,userId=lisi,password=123;">
6: </name>
7: </connectstring>
封装一个类,在这个类里面读取相应的Xml文件信息,并且定义一个索引器,到时候通过Xml文件中key的值来得到相应的数据库连接字符串:
1: public class ConfigClass
2: {
3: public ConfigClass()
4: {
5: ReadFile();
6: }
7: private XmlDocument xmlDoc;
8: private XmlNode xmlNode;
9:
10: public void ReadFile()
11: {
12: string path = @"..\..\MyConfigure.xml";
13: this.xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
14: this.xmlDoc.Load(path);
15: xmlNode = this.xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode(@"connectstring");
16:
17: }
18: private string conStr;
19:
20: public string ConStr
21: {
22: get { return conStr; }
23: set { conStr = value; }
24: }
25:
26: public string this[string str]
27: {
28: get
29: {
30: XmlNodeList nodelist = xmlNode.ChildNodes;
31: foreach (XmlElement xE in nodelist)
32: {
33: if (xE.Name == "name" && xE.GetAttribute("key")==str)
34: {
35: return xE.GetAttribute("value");
36: }
37: }
38:
39: return "";
40:
41: }
42:
43: }
此例子纯属演示,所以很多细节也没注意,只要知道这个意思即可.前台调用如下:
1: ConfigClass cofig = new ConfigClass();
2:
3: Console.WriteLine(cofig["db1"]);
4: Console.WriteLine(cofig["db2"]);
5: Console.ReadLine();
运行结果情况如下:
参考:
http://www.cnblogs.com/lengbingshy/archive/2010/02/23/1671912.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/aspnethot/articles/1386650.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/ArmyShen/archive/2012/08/27/2659405.html