1:几个重要的成员变量:
private static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30; //map 容器的最大容量
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 16; // map容器的默认大小
private static final float LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f; //加载因子
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8; //由链表转为树状结构的链表长度
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6; //由树状结构转为链表
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64; //数组长度最小为64才会转为红黑树
transient volatile Node<K,V>[] table; //Node数组 用于存储元素
private transient volatile Node<K,V>[] nextTable; //当扩容的时候用于临时存储数组链表
private transient volatile long baseCount; //保存着哈希表所有节点的个数总和,相当于hash Map size
private transient volatile int sizeCtl;
下面对sizeCtl这个属性进行说明:
- 0:默认值
- -1:代表哈希表正在进行初始化
- 大于0:相当于 HashMap 中的 threshold,表示阈值
- 小于-1:代表有多个线程正在进行扩容
由这些成员变量可以看到内部的数据结构是基于 数组+单链表 的数据结构的,其中链表会转化为树状结构;
2:构造方法
// 初始化 sizeCtl 参数
public ConcurrentHashMap(int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor, int concurrencyLevel) {
if (!(loadFactor > 0.0f) || initialCapacity < 0 || concurrencyLevel <= 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (initialCapacity < concurrencyLevel) // Use at least as many bins
initialCapacity = concurrencyLevel; // as estimated threads
long size = (long)(1.0 + (long)initialCapacity / loadFactor); //
int cap = (size >= (long)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : tableSizeFor((int)size);
this.sizeCtl = cap;
}
3:几个重要的方法介绍 put get remove三个方法的介绍;
3.1:put 方法:
public V put(K key, V value) { //key=name1 value=aa
return putVal(key, value, false);
}
接下来看看putVal这个方法的具体实现:分为4部分来解析:
第一部分:
final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) { //key=name1 value=aa onlyIfAbsent=false
if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = spread(key.hashCode()); //获取到key的hash值
int binCount = 0; // 赋值 binCount=0
for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) { //进入循环方法体
Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) //如果是添加第一个元素进入扩容方法
tab = initTable();
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) {
if (casTabAt(tab, i, null,
new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null)))
break; // no lock when adding to empty bin
}
//接下来看看扩容方法的实现:
private final Node<K,V>[] initTable() {
Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0) //当有其他线程在进行扩容 当前线程yield 放弃cpu使用
Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {//通过CAS将sc更新为 -1
try {
//这里假设是第一次put操作时进行扩容 sc=-1
if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY; //n=16
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n]; //新建一个长度为16的Node数组
table = tab = nt; // 将nt赋值给成员变量table
sc = n - (n >>> 2); // sc=12
}
} finally {
sizeCtl = sc; // sizeCtl=-1 这里保证当其他线程进入initTable方法时线程会被 yield;
}
break;
}
}
return tab;
}
第二部分:
接下来看看put方法的第二部分操作:
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED) // MOVED=-1
tab = helpTransfer(tab, f);
简单说明下上面的方法:当 数组中的链表正在迁移中(如:扩容的情况下),则进入该方法;表明帮助迁移
第三部分:
这一部分虽然看起来代码量比较大,但是具体的操作和hashmap类似,主要的区别是
对这个链表进行加锁后处理,synchronized对象锁后进行相应的操作。tabAt保证获取到的对象是可见性的;其他的操作和hashmap中是一致的;就不做过多的说明了;
V oldVal = null;
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
if (fh >= 0) {
binCount = 1;
for (Node<K,V> e = f;; ++binCount) {
K ek;
if (e.hash == hash &&
((ek = e.key) == key ||
(ek != null && key.equals(ek)))) {
oldVal = e.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
e.val = value;
break;
}
Node<K,V> pred = e;
if ((e = e.next) == null) {
pred.next = new Node<K,V>(hash, key,
value, null);
break;
}
}
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
Node<K,V> p;
binCount = 2;
if ((p = ((TreeBin<K,V>)f).putTreeVal(hash, key,
value)) != null) {
oldVal = p.val;
if (!onlyIfAbsent)
p.val = value;
}
}
}
}
if (binCount != 0) {
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
treeifyBin(tab, i);
if (oldVal != null)
return oldVal;
break;
}
}
接下来看看第四部分的代码:在put 方法中只有一句,如下所示:
addCount(1L, binCount); //这里的 binCount是指对操作那个Node链表的长度
每次添加Node元素到链表中binCount都会加1
接下来主要是分析addCount 里面的方法:1:更新baseCount 2:判断是否需要扩容
private final void addCount(long x, int check) { //x=1 check=4
CounterCell[] as; long b, s;
if ((as = counterCells) != null ||
!U.compareAndSwapLong(this, BASECOUNT, b = baseCount, s = b + x)) {//将baseCount 更新为b + x 即总量+1
CounterCell a; long v; int m;
boolean uncontended = true;
if (as == null || (m = as.length - 1) < 0 ||
(a = as[ThreadLocalRandom.getProbe() & m]) == null ||
!(uncontended =
U.compareAndSwapLong(a, CELLVALUE, v = a.value, v + x))) {
fullAddCount(x, uncontended);
return;
}
if (check <= 1)
return;
s = sumCount();
}
if (check >= 0) { // 链表长度大于0
Node<K,V>[] tab, nt; int n, sc;
// sizeCtl=-1 s=0 tab!=null n为node[] 数组的长度
while (s >= (long)(sc = sizeCtl) && (tab = table) != null &&
(n = tab.length) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
int rs = resizeStamp(n); //数组能扩容的长度
if (sc < 0) {
if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 ||
sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || (nt = nextTable) == null ||
transferIndex <= 0) // 参数校验
break;
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1)) //sc更新为1
transfer(tab, nt);
}
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc,
(rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2))
transfer(tab, null); //进入扩容的方法
s = sumCount();
}
}
}
下面看看 transfer的方法进入扩容的操作:
这个方法比较复杂,分为3个部分进行分析:
//这里tab为16的Node数组 nextTab为 null
private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) {
int n = tab.length, stride;
//计算单个线程允许处理的最少table桶首节点个数,不能小于 16
if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE)
stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE; // subdivide range
//刚开始扩容 初始化nextTab
if (nextTab == null) { // initiating
try {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n << 1]; //创建长度为32的Node数组
nextTab = nt; // nextTab为32的空数组
} catch (Throwable ex) { // try to cope with OOME
sizeCtl = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return;
}
nextTable = nextTab; // nextTable变量为长度32的数组
transferIndex = n; // transferIndex=32 指向数组的最后一个桶
}
int nextn = nextTab.length;
//定义ForwardingNode用于标记已经迁移完的桶
ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab);
接下来看看扩容的第二部分:
boolean advance = true;
boolean finishing = false; // to ensure sweep before committing nextTab
// bound 表示当前线程需要处理桶节点区间的下限
for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) { //进入for循环,这里没有结束条件
Node<K,V> f; int fh;
while (advance) {
int nextIndex, nextBound;
if (--i >= bound || finishing)
advance = false;
else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) { // 这里 nextIndex=32 如果nextIndex<=0 则说明没有需要迁移的桶
i = -1;
advance = false;
}
//更新transferIndex
//为当前线程分配任务,处理桶区间为(nextBound, nextIndex)
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt
(this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex,
nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ?
nextIndex - stride : 0))) {
bound = nextBound;
i = nextIndex - 1;
advance = false;
}
}
if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) {
int sc;
if (finishing) {
nextTable = null;
table = nextTab;
sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1);
return;
}
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) {
if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT)
return;
finishing = advance = true;
i = n; // recheck before commit
}
}
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null)
advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd);
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
advance = true; // already processed