实验部分
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握java异常处理技术;
(2) 了解断言的用法;
(3) 了解日志的用途;
(4) 掌握程序基础调试技巧;
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1:用命令行与IDE两种环境下编辑调试运行源程序ExceptionDemo1、ExceptionDemo2,结合程序运行结果理解程序,掌握未检查异常和已检查异常的区别。
//异常示例1 public class ExceptionDemo1 { public static void main(String args[]) { int a = 0; System.out.println(5 / a); } } |
//异常示例2 import java.io.*; public class ExceptionDemo2 { public static void main(String args[]) { FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象 int b; while((b=fis.read())!=-1) { System.out.print(b); } fis.close(); } } |
修改后:
public class ExceptionDemo1 { public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 0;
if(a==0) {
System.out.println("除数为零");
}
else
{
System.out.println(5 / a);
} } }
import java.io.*; public class ExceptionDemo2{
public static void main(String args[])
{
FileInputStream fis;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream("text.txt");
int b;
while((b=fis.read())!=-1)
{
System.out.print(b);
}
fis.close();
}catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();//打印堆栈信息
// System.out.println("Hello.");
}//JVM自动生成异常对象
}
}
实验2: 导入以下示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1:
l 在elipse IDE中编辑、编译、调试运行教材281页7-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;
掌握Throwable类的堆栈跟踪方法;
import java.util.*; /**
* A program that displays a trace feature of a recursive method call.
* @version 1.01 2004-05-10
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class StackTraceTest
{
/**
* Computes the factorial of a number
* @param n a non-negative integer
* @return n! = 1 * 2 * . . . * n
*/
public static int factorial(int n)//求阶乘
{
System.out.println("factorial(" + n + "):");
Throwable t = new Throwable();
StackTraceElement[] frames = t.getStackTrace();//创建一个表示指定执行点的堆栈跟踪元素,t存放方法调用栈的信息
for (StackTraceElement f : frames)
System.out.println(f);
int r;
if (n <= 1) r = 1;
else r = n * factorial(n - 1);//计算n个数的阶乘需要调用之前n-1个数的阶乘
System.out.println("return " + r);
return r;
} public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter n: ");
int n = in.nextInt();
factorial(n);
}
}
测试程序2:
l Java语言的异常处理有积极处理方法和消极处理两种方式;
l 下列两个简答程序范例给出了两种异常处理的代码格式。在elipse IDE中编辑、调试运行源程序ExceptionalTest.java,将程序中的text文件更换为身份证号.txt,要求将文件内容读入内容,并在控制台显示;
掌握两种异常处理技术的特点。
//积极处理方式 import java.io.*; class ExceptionTest { public static void main (string args[]) { try{ FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt"); } catch(FileNotFoundExcption e) { …… } …… } } |
//消极处理方式 import java.io.*; class ExceptionTest { public static void main (string args[]) throws FileNotFoundExcption { FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt"); } } |
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader; public class ExceptionalTest {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("身份证号.txt");
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
String a,b = new String();
while ((a = in.readLine()) != null) {
b += a + "\n ";
}
in.close();
System.out.println(b); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader; public class ExceptionalTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("身份证号.txt");
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
String a, b = new String();
while ((a = in.readLine()) != null) {
b += a+ "\n ";
}
in.close();
System.out.println(b);
}
}
实验3: 编程练习
练习1:
l 编制一个程序,将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中;
l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息;
l 查询最大年龄的人员信息;
l 查询最小年龄人员信息;
l 输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地;
l 查询人员中是否有你的同乡;
l 在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Collections;//对集合进行排序、查找、修改等; public class Test {
private static ArrayList<Citizen> citizenlist; public static void main(String[] args) {
citizenlist = new ArrayList<>();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
File file = new File("E:/java/身份证号.txt");
//异常捕获
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
String temp = null;
while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) { Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp); linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
String name = linescanner.next();
String id = linescanner.next();
String sex = linescanner.next();
String age = linescanner.next();
String birthplace = linescanner.nextLine();
Citizen citizen = new Citizen();
citizen.setName(name);
citizen.setId(id);
citizen.setSex(sex);
// 将字符串转换成10进制数
int ag = Integer.parseInt(age);
citizen.setage(ag);
citizen.setBirthplace(birthplace);
citizenlist.add(citizen); }
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("信息文件找不到");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("信息文件读取错误");
e.printStackTrace();
}
boolean isTrue = true;
while (isTrue) { System.out.println("1.按姓名字典序输出人员信息");
System.out.println("2.查询最大年龄的人员信息、查询最小年龄人员信息");
System.out.println("3.查询人员中是否查询人员中是否有你的同乡");
System.out.println("4.输入你的年龄,查询文件中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地");
System.out.println("5.退出");
int nextInt = scanner.nextInt();
switch (nextInt) {
case 1:
Collections.sort(citizenlist);
System.out.println(citizenlist.toString());
break;
case 2:
int max = 0, min = 100;
int m, k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < citizenlist.size(); i++) {
m = citizenlist.get(i).getage();
if (m > max) {
max = m;
k1 = i;
}
if (m < min) {
min = m;
k2 = i;
}
}
System.out.println("年龄最大:" + citizenlist.get(k1));
System.out.println("年龄最小:" + citizenlist.get(k2));
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("出生地:");
String find = scanner.next();
String place = find.substring(0, 3);
for (int i = 0; i < citizenlist.size(); i++) {
if (citizenlist.get(i).getBirthplace().substring(1, 4).equals(place))
System.out.println("出生地" + citizenlist.get(i));
}
break;
case 4:
System.out.println("年龄:");
int yourage = scanner.nextInt();
int near = peer(yourage);
int j = yourage - citizenlist.get(near).getage();
System.out.println("" + citizenlist.get(near));
break;
case 5:
isTrue = false;
System.out.println("程序已退出!");
break;
default:
System.out.println("输入有误");
}
}
} public static int peer(int age) {
int flag = 0;
int min = 53, j = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < citizenlist.size(); i++) {
j = citizenlist.get(i).getage() - age;
if (j < 0)
j = -j;
if (j < min) {
min = j;
flag = i;
}
}
return flag;
}
}
public class Citizen implements Comparable<Citizen> { private String name;
private String id;
private String sex;
private int age;
private String birthplace; public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public String getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getSex() {
return sex;
} public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
} public int getage() {
return age;
} public void setage(int age) {
this.age = age;
} public String getBirthplace() {
return birthplace;
} public void setBirthplace(String birthplace) {
this.birthplace = birthplace;
} public int compareTo(Citizen other) {
return this.name.compareTo(other.getName());
} public String toString() {
return name + "\t" + sex + "\t" + age + "\t" + id + "\t" + birthplace + "\n";
}
}
练习2:
l 编写一个计算器类,可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作;
l 利用计算机类,设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序,由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题,学生输入答案,由程序检查答案是否正确,每道题正确计10分,错误不计分,10道题测试结束后给出测试总分;
l 将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件,文件名为test.txt;
l 在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner; public class calculator { public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
PrintWriter out = null;
try {
out = new PrintWriter("test.txt");
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 10);
int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 10);
int menu = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 3);
switch (menu) {
case 1:
System.out.println(a + "+" + b + "=");
int c1 = in.nextInt();
if (c1 == (a + b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
} else {
System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
}
break;
case 2:
System.out.println(a + "-" + b + "=");
int c2 = in.nextInt();
if (c2 == (a - b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
} else {
System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
} break;
case 3:
System.out.println(a + "*" + b + "=");
int c = in.nextInt();
if (c == a * b) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
} else {
System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
} break;
case 4:
if (b == 0) {
System.out.println("除数为零");
} else {
System.out.println(a + "/" + b + "=");
}
int c4 = in.nextInt();
if (c4 == a / b) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
} else {
System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
} break;
}
}
System.out.println("你的得分为" + sum);
out.println("你的得分为" + sum);
out.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} }
实验4:断言、日志、程序调试技巧验证实验。
实验程序1:
//断言程序示例 public class AssertDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { test1(-5); test2(-3); }
private static void test1(int a){ assert a > 0; System.out.println(a); } private static void test2(int a){ assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0"; System.out.println(a); } } |
l 在elipse下调试程序AssertDemo,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 注释语句test1(-5);后重新运行程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
掌握断言的使用特点及用法。
实验程序2:
l 用JDK命令调试运行教材298页-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
并掌握Java日志系统的用途及用法。
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.logging.*;
import javax.swing.*; /**
* A modification of the image viewer program that logs various events.
* @version 1.03 2015-08-20
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class LoggingImageViewer
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//将所有消息记录到应用程序特定的文件中
if (System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.class") == null
&& System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file") == null)
{
try//放入可能出错的语句
{
Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").setLevel(Level.ALL);//得到日志记录器
final int LOG_ROTATION_COUNT = 10;
Handler handler = new FileHandler("%h/LoggingImageViewer.log", 0, LOG_ROTATION_COUNT);
Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(handler);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").log(Level.SEVERE,
"Can't create log file handler", e);
}
} EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->//使事件派发线程上的可运行对象排队
{
Handler windowHandler = new WindowHandler();
windowHandler.setLevel(Level.ALL);
Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(windowHandler); JFrame frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
frame.setTitle("LoggingImageViewer");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").fine("Showing frame");
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
} /**
* 显示图像的帧。
*/
class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400; private JLabel label;
private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava"); public ImageViewerFrame()
{
logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");
setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); //设置菜单栏
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
setJMenuBar(menuBar); JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
menuBar.add(menu); JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
menu.add(openItem);
openItem.addActionListener(new FileOpenListener()); JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
menu.add(exitItem);
exitItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
logger.fine("Exiting.");
System.exit(0);
}
}); //使用标签显示图像
label = new JLabel();
add(label);
logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");
} private class FileOpenListener implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed", event); //设置文件选择器
JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File(".")); //接受以.gif结尾的所有文件
chooser.setFileFilter(new javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter()
{
public boolean accept(File f)
{
return f.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".gif") || f.isDirectory();
} public String getDescription()
{
return "GIF Images";
}
}); //显示文件选择器对话框
int r = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this); // 如果图像文件被接受,将其设置为标签的图标
if (r == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
{
String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();
logger.log(Level.FINE, "Reading file {0}", name);
label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
}
else logger.fine("File open dialog canceled.");
logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed");
}
}
} /**
* 用于在窗口中显示日志记录的处理程序。
*/
class WindowHandler extends StreamHandler//继承
{
private JFrame frame; public WindowHandler()
{
frame = new JFrame();
final JTextArea output = new JTextArea();
output.setEditable(false);
frame.setSize(200, 200);
frame.add(new JScrollPane(output));
frame.setFocusableWindowState(false);
frame.setVisible(true);
setOutputStream(new OutputStream()
{
public void write(int b)
{
} // not called public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
{
output.append(new String(b, off, len));
}
});
} public void publish(LogRecord record)
{
if (!frame.isVisible()) return;
super.publish(record);
flush();
}
}
实验程序3:
l 用JDK命令调试运行教材298页-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 按课件66-77内容练习并掌握Elipse的常用调试技术。
1)条件断点(有一定条件的断点):在Eclipse Java 编辑区的行头双击就会得到一个断点,代码会运行到此处时停止。
在断点处点击鼠标右键,选择最后一个“Breakpoint Properties”。
2)变量断点:在变量的值初始化,或是变量值改变时可以停止。
3)方法断点:方法断点就是将断点打在方法的入口处。
4)异常断点:当异常发生时,代码会停在异常发生处。
5)重新调试:回退时,请在需要回退的线程方法上点右键,选择“Drop to Frame”。
6)单步执行程序
7)检查变量
8)改变变量值
实验总结:
通过本周的学习,我对于Java程序运行中出现的异常,断言有了初步的理解。但是在实验过程中,我发现我需要多加练习,加深理解。课下我会多加练习,对于之前所学的知识多加回顾,查漏补缺。