http://www.vimer.cn/2010/12/%E5%9C%A8python%E4%B8%AD%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8D%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%89%80%E5%9C%A8%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%8C%E5%8F%B7%E5%92%8C%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%90%8D.html
对于python,这几天一直有两个问题在困扰我:
- 1.python中没办法直接取得当前的行号和函数名。这是有人在论坛里提出的问题,底下一群人只是在猜测python为什么不像__file__一样提供__line__和__func__,但是却最终也没有找到解决方案。
- 2.如果一个函数在不知道自己名字的情况下,怎么才能递归调用自己。这是我一个同事问我的,其实也是获取函数名,但是当时也是回答不出来。
但是今晚!所有的问题都有了答案。
一切还要从我用python的logging模块说起,logging中的format中是有如下选项的:
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% (name)s Name of the logger (logging channel)
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% (levelno)s Numeric logging level for the message (DEBUG, INFO,
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WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
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% (levelname)s Text logging level for the message ( "DEBUG" , "INFO" ,
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"WARNING" , "ERROR" , "CRITICAL" )
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% (pathname)s Full pathname of the source file where the logging
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call was issued ( if available)
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% (filename)s Filename portion of pathname
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% (module)s Module (name portion of filename)
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% (lineno)d Source line number where the logging call was issued
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% (funcName)s Function name
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% (created)f Time when the LogRecord was created (time.time()
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% (asctime)s Textual time when the LogRecord was created
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% (msecs)d Millisecond portion of the creation time
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% (relativeCreated)d Time in milliseconds when the LogRecord was created,
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relative to the time the logging module was loaded
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(typically at application startup time)
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% (thread)d Thread ID ( if available)
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% (threadName)s Thread name ( if available)
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% (process)d Process ID ( if available)
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% (message)s The result of record.getMessage(), computed just as
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也就是说,logging是能够获取到调用者的行号和函数名的,那会不会也可以获取到自己的行号和函数名呢?
我们来看一下源码,主要部分如下:
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"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
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return sys.exc_info()[ 2 ].tb_frame.f_back
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Find the stack frame of the caller so that we can note the source
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file name, line number and function name.
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#On some versions of IronPython, currentframe() returns None if
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#IronPython isn't run with -X:Frames.
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rv = "(unknown file)" , 0 , "(unknown function)"
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while hasattr (f, "f_code" ):
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filename = os.path.normcase(co.co_filename)
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if filename = = _srcfile:
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rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)
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def _log( self , level, msg, args, exc_info = None , extra = None ):
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Low-level logging routine which creates a LogRecord and then calls
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all the handlers of this logger to handle the record.
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#IronPython doesn't track Python frames, so findCaller throws an
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#exception on some versions of IronPython. We trap it here so that
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#IronPython can use logging.
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fn, lno, func = self .findCaller()
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fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)" , 0 , "(unknown function)"
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fn, lno, func = "(unknown file)" , 0 , "(unknown function)"
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if not isinstance (exc_info, tuple ):
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exc_info = sys.exc_info()
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record = self .makeRecord( self .name, level, fn, lno, msg, args, exc_info, func, extra)
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我简单解释一下,实际上是通过在currentframe函数中抛出一个异常,然后通过向上查找的方式,找到调用的信息。其中
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rv = (co.co_filename, f.f_lineno, co.co_name)
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的三个值分别为文件名,行号,函数名。(可以去http://docs.python.org/library/sys.html来看一下代码中几个系统函数的说明)
OK,如果已经看懂了源码,那获取当前位置的行号和函数名相信也非常清楚了,代码如下:
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- |
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#============================================================================= |
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# Author: dantezhu - http://www.vimer.cn |
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# Email: zny2008@gmail.com |
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# Description: 获取当前位置的行号和函数名 |
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# LastChange: 2010-12-17 01:19:19 |
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#============================================================================= |
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"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
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f = sys.exc_info()[ 2 ].tb_frame.f_back
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return (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)
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if __name__ = = '__main__' :
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输入结果是:
符合预期~~
哈哈,OK!现在应该不用再抱怨取不到行号和函数名了吧~
=============================================================================
后来发现,其实也可以有更简单的方法,如下:
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print sys._getframe().f_code.co_name
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print sys._getframe().f_back.f_code.co_name
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================================================================================
另外,利用python的 inspect 模块中的getframeinfo也可以得到.
- inspect.getframeinfo( frame [, context ])
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Get information about a frame or traceback object. A 5-tuple is returned, the last five elements of the frame’s frame record.
Changed in version 2.6: Returns a named tuple Traceback(filename, lineno, function,code_context, index).