关于java字节码框架ASM的学习

时间:2021-03-12 17:06:16

原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/liuling/archive/2013/05/25/asm.html

 一、什么是ASM

  ASM是一个java字节码操纵框架,它能被用来动态生成类或者增强既有类的功能。ASM 可以直接产生二进制 class 文件,也可以在类被加载入 Java 虚拟机之前动态改变类行为。Java class 被存储在严格格式定义的 .class文件里,这些类文件拥有足够的元数据来解析类中的所有元素:类名称、方法、属性以及 Java 字节码(指令)。ASM从类文件中读入信息后,能够改变类行为,分析类信息,甚至能够根据用户要求生成新类。

  使用ASM框架需要导入asm的jar包,下载链接:asm-3.2.jar

  二、如何使用ASM

  ASM框架中的核心类有以下几个:

  ①  ClassReader:该类用来解析编译过的class字节码文件。

  ②  ClassWriter:该类用来重新构建编译后的类,比如说修改类名、属性以及方法,甚至可以生成新的类的字节码文件。

  ③  ClassAdapter:该类也实现了ClassVisitor接口,它将对它的方法调用委托给另一个ClassVisitor对象。

  示例1.通过asm生成类的字节码

package com.asm3;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;
import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;

/**
* 通过asm生成类的字节码
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class GeneratorClass {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//生成一个类只需要ClassWriter组件即可
ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(0);
//通过visit方法确定类的头部信息
cw.visit(Opcodes.V1_5, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT+Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE,
"com/asm3/Comparable", null, "java/lang/Object", new String[]{"com/asm3/Mesurable"});
//定义类的属性
cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,
"LESS", "I", null, new Integer(-1)).visitEnd();
cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,
"EQUAL", "I", null, new Integer(0)).visitEnd();
cw.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_FINAL+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,
"GREATER", "I", null, new Integer(1)).visitEnd();
//定义类的方法
cw.visitMethod(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_ABSTRACT, "compareTo",
"(Ljava/lang/Object;)I", null, null).visitEnd();
cw.visitEnd(); //使cw类已经完成
//将cw转换成字节数组写到文件里面去
byte[] data = cw.toByteArray();
File file = new File("D://Comparable.class");
FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file);
fout.write(data);
fout.close();
}
}
 生成一个类的字节码文件只需要用到ClassWriter类即可,生成Comparable.class后用javap指令对其进行反编译:javap -c Comparable.class >test.txt  ,编译后的结果如下:

public interface com.asm3.Comparable extends com.asm3.Mesurable {  public static final int LESS;  public static final int EQUAL;  public static final int GREATER;  public abstract int compareTo(java.lang.Object);}

注:一个编译后的java类不包含package和import段,因此在class文件中所有的类型都使用的是全路径。

  示例2.修改类的字节码文件

package com.asm5;public class C {    public void m() throws InterruptedException{        Thread.sleep(100);     }}
将C.java类的内容改为如下:

package com.asm5;public class C {    public static long timer;    public void m() throws InterruptedException{        timer -= System.currentTimeMillis();        Thread.sleep(100);         timer += System.currentTimeMillis();    }}

为了弄清楚ASM是如何实现的,我们先编译这两个类,然后比对它们的TraceClassVisitor的输出,我们可以发现如下的不同(粗体表示)

GETSTATIC C.timer : J
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J
LSUB
PUTSTATIC C.timer : J
LDC 100
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/Thread.sleep(J)V
GETSTATIC C.timer : J
INVOKESTATIC java/lang/System.currentTimilis()J
LADD
PUTSTATIC C.timer : J
RETURN
MAXSTACK=4
MAXLOCALS=1

  通过比对上面的指令,我们可以发现必须在m()方法的最前面增加四条指令,在RETURN指令前也增加四条指令,同时这四条必须位于xRETURN和ATHROW之前,因为这些指令都会结束方法的执行。

具体代码如下:

AddTimeClassAdapter.java

package com.asm5;import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter;import org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor;import org.objectweb.asm.FieldVisitor;import org.objectweb.asm.MethodAdapter;import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;public class AddTimeClassAdapter extends ClassAdapter {    private String owner;    private boolean isInterface;    public AddTimeClassAdapter(ClassVisitor cv) {        super(cv);    }    @Override    public void visit(int version, int access, String name, String signature,            String superName, String[] interfaces) {        cv.visit(version, access, name, signature, superName, interfaces);        owner = name;        isInterface = (access & Opcodes.ACC_INTERFACE) != 0;    }    @Override    public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String desc,            String signature, String[] exceptions) {        MethodVisitor mv = cv.visitMethod(access, name, desc, signature, exceptions);        if(!name.equals("<init>") && !isInterface && mv!=null){            //为方法添加计时功能            mv = new AddTimeMethodAdapter(mv);        }        return mv;    }    @Override    public void visitEnd() {        //添加字段        if(!isInterface){            FieldVisitor fv = cv.visitField(Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC+Opcodes.ACC_STATIC, "timer", "J", null, null);            if(fv!=null){                fv.visitEnd();            }        }        cv.visitEnd();    }        class AddTimeMethodAdapter extends MethodAdapter{        public AddTimeMethodAdapter(MethodVisitor mv) {            super(mv);        }        @Override        public void visitCode() {            mv.visitCode();            mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");            mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J");            mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LSUB);            mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");        }        @Override        public void visitInsn(int opcode) {            if((opcode>=Opcodes.IRETURN && opcode<=Opcodes.RETURN) || opcode==Opcodes.ATHROW){                mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");                mv.visitMethodInsn(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "java/lang/System", "currentTimeMillis", "()J");                mv.visitInsn(Opcodes.LADD);                mv.visitFieldInsn(Opcodes.PUTSTATIC, owner, "timer", "J");            }            mv.visitInsn(opcode);        }        @Override        public void visitMaxs(int maxStack, int maxLocal) {            mv.visitMaxs(maxStack+4, maxLocal);        }    }    }

Generator.java

package com.asm5;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import org.objectweb.asm.ClassAdapter;import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader;import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;public class Generator {    public static void main(String[] args){        try {            ClassReader cr = new ClassReader("com/asm5/C");            ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS);            ClassAdapter classAdapter = new AddTimeClassAdapter(cw);            //使给定的访问者访问Java类的ClassReader            cr.accept(classAdapter, ClassReader.SKIP_DEBUG);            byte[] data = cw.toByteArray();            File file = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir") + "\\WebRoot\\WEB-INF\\classes\\com\\asm5\\C.class");            FileOutputStream fout = new FileOutputStream(file);            fout.write(data);            fout.close();            System.out.println("success!");        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}
下面是一个测试类:
package com.asm5;public class Test {    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {        C c = new C();        c.m();        Class cc = c.getClass();        System.out.println(cc.getField("timer").get(c));    }}