apache tomcat 实现集群负载均衡 mod_proxy 方式

最近闲来无事研究了一下Apache 和tomcat的集群整合，记录下来供大家参考：

本文采用Apache的mod_proxy模块实现服务器的转发，配置如下：

1.首先下载Apache（httpd-2.2.25-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi），tomcat （apache-tomcat-6.0.36-windows-x86.zip）（去官网上直接下载即可）

因为为本机测试，Apache在安装过程中domian就都填写localhost就可以了，安装自己可以在网上找教程，很多。tomcat我下载的是zip版本直接解压就行

2.修改解压出来两个tomcat ，根文件夹分别取名tomcat1，tomcat2。这里我们要修改一下tomcat的端口号，不然启动的时候会冲突，主要修改这几个地方

打开tomcat2的service.xml文件

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><pre name="code" class="html"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!--
 Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
   version="2.5"> 

    <description>
      Servlet and JSP Examples.
    </description>
    <display-name>Servlet and JSP Examples</display-name>



<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
<distributable/>
</web-app>

<Server port= "9005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />  <GlobalNamingResources>  <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" /> </GlobalNamingResources>  <Service name="Catalina">    <Connector port= "9080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort= "9443" />    <Connector port= "9443"protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol" SSLEnabled="true" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" keystoreFile="D:/keys/smallkey" keystorePass="changeit"/>  <Connector port= "9009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort= "9443" />   <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">  <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>    <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>  <Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps" unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">     </Host> </Engine> </Service></Server>

修改完端口将tomcat1的集群注释去掉，tomcat配置完成，

3.创建个名字为cluster应用到tomcat1下，

示例inde.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GBK" %>
<%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
<html><head><title>Cluster Test</title></head>
<body>
<%
  //HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
  System.out.println(session.getId());
  out.println("<br> SESSION ID:" + session.getId()+"<br>");  
  // 如果有新的请求，则添加session属性
  String name = request.getParameter("name");
  if (name != null && name.length() > 0) {
     String value = request.getParameter("value");
     session.setAttribute(name, value);
  }  
    out.print("<b>Session List:</b>");  
    Enumeration<String> names = session.getAttributeNames();
    while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
        String sname = names.nextElement();
        String value = session.getAttribute(sname).toString();
        out.println( sname + " = " + value+"<br>");
        System.out.println( sname + " = " + value);
   }
%>
    <b>负载均衡测试：此为：<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Tomcat1上的文件</span>，<font color=red>看到没有？看到没有？！？~？~</font><b>
  <form action="index.jsp" method="post">
    名称:<input type=text size=20 name="name">
     <br>
    值:<input type=text size=20 name="value">
     <br>
    <input type=submit value="提交">
   </form>
</body>
</html>

修改web.xml ，主要添加<distributable/>实现session的复制

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!--
 Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
   version="2.5"> 

    <description>
      Servlet and JSP Examples.
    </description>
    <display-name>Servlet and JSP Examples</display-name>



<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
<span style="color:#FF0000;"><distributable/></span>
</web-app>

4.把应用拷贝一份到tomcat2下，至此tomcat部署完成

5.配置apache，打开conf下的http.conf配置文件在文件最后加入

<Proxy balancer://cluster>
    BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:8080/cluster loadfactor=1
    BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:9080/cluster loadfactor=1
    ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests
</Proxy>
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPass / balancer://cluster/ stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://cluster/ 
<span style="color:#FF0000;">ProxyPassReverseCookiePath /cluster /</span>  #很重要，去除了session无法复制
#主要用于调试，apache转发到个服务器的次数。不要用于真实环境中，http://localhost/balancer-manager 访问
 <Location /balancer-manager>
SetHandler balancer-manager
Order Deny,Allow
allow from all
Allow from localhost
</Location>

6.然后分别启动apache 和tomcat 浏览器输入网址 http://localhost/查看内容会看到sessionId不变实现了负载均衡和集群,下面看一下效果 apache tomcat 实现集群负载均衡 mod_proxy 方式

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apache tomcat 实现集群负载均衡 mod_proxy 方式

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