apache使用mod_proxy反向代理tomcat

时间：2022-08-13 16:57:35

  说明：所使用的操作系统为Centos6.3,准备三台虚拟机，202.207.178.8（做为前端安装apache，作为代理），node1:202.207.178.6（已经安装了Tomcat,并可以访问到其默认页面，作为后端），node2：202.207.178.7（已经安装了Tomcat,并可以访问到其默认页面，作为后端）

Tomcat相关安装配置详见本人博客：http://10927734.blog.51cto.com/10917734/1874112

一、配置后端Tomcat（两台配置基本相同，为了以示区别，将两者显示可设为不同）

1、编辑配置文件，自定义Host，并检查有无语法错误

# cd /usr/local/tomcat/conf/

# vim server.xml

#将引擎的默认主机改为自己定义的主机

<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="www.fsy.com" 

              jvmRoute="TomcatA">

#自定义一个Host

<Host name="www.fsy.com"  appBase="/web"

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

 <Context path="" docBase="webapps" reLoadable="true" />

</Host>

# catalina.sh configtest

2、提供访问页面

# mkdir -pv /web/webapps

# cd /web/webapps/

# vim index.jsp

添加以下内容：

<%@ page language="java" %>

<html>

 <head><title>TomcatA</title></head>

 <body>

<h1><font color="red">TomcatA </font></h1>

<table align="centre" border="1">

 <tr>

<td>Session ID</td>

<% session.setAttribute("abc","abc"); %>

<td><%= session.getId() %></td>

 </tr>

 <tr>

<td>Created on</td>

<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>

</tr>

</table>

 </body>

</html>

3、启动Tomcat服务，即可进行访问测试了

# service tomcat start

http://202.207.178.7:8080/

二、配置前端Apache

1、解决依赖关系

httpd-2.4.4需要较新版本的apr和apr-util，因此需要事先对其进行升级。这里使用

        源码包进行升级（apr-1.5.2，apr-util-1.5.4 ）

(1) 编译安装apr

# tar xf apr-1.5.2.tar.bz2

# cd apr-1.5.2

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr

# make && make install

(2) 编译安装apr-util

# tar xf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.bz2

# cd apr-util-1.5.4

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util 

             --with-apr=/usr/local/apr

# make && make install

(3)httpd-2.4.4编译过程也要依赖于pcre-devel软件包，需要事先安装。

#yum -y install pcre-devel

(4)可在编译安装httpd时会报错：checking for OpenSSL version >=0.9.7 ...

#yum -y install openssl-devel

#yum update openssl

2、如果发现以前使用rpm包装过httpd的解决办法（重新安装一次即可）

# rpm -e httpd --nodeps

# rm -rf /etc/httpd/

# make install

3、编译安装httpd-2.4.4

# tar xf httpd-2.4.4.tar.bz2

# cd httpd-2.4.4

#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-so          --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre 

         --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util 

         --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --enable-proxy 

         --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer  

         --enable-lbmethod-heartbeat --enable-heartbeat --enable-slotmem-shm  

         --enable-slotmem-plain --enable-watchdog

# make && make install


4、提供SysV服务脚本/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd，内容如下：

#!/bin/bash

#

# httpd        Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server

#

# chkconfig: - 85 15

# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server.  It is used to serve \

#       HTML files and CGI.

# processname: httpd

# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd

# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid


# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions


if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then

. /etc/sysconfig/httpd

fi


# Start httpd in the C locale by default.

HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}


# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if

# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.

INITLOG_ARGS=""


# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server

# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not

# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.


# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.

apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl

httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd}

prog=httpd

pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}

lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}

RETVAL=0


start() {

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd                 $OPTIONS

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}

return $RETVAL

}


stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd

RETVAL=$?

echo

[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}

}

reload() {

echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "

if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then

RETVAL=$?

echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"

failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax                 error"

else

killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP

RETVAL=$?

fi

echo

}


# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

 start)

start

;;

 stop)

stop

;;

 status)

status -p ${pidfile} $httpd

RETVAL=$?

;;

 restart)

stop

start

;;

 condrestart)

if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then

stop

start

fi

;;

 reload)

reload

;;

 graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)

$apachectl $@

RETVAL=$?

;;

 *)

echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"

exit 1

esac


exit $RETVAL


5、而后为此脚本赋予执行权限并加入服务列表，便可启动服务了！：

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd

# chkconfig --add httpd

# service httpd start

6、配置apache通过mod_proxy模块与Tomcat连接（代理至202.207.178.7）

要使用mod_proxy与Tomcat实例连接，需要apache已经装载mod_proxy、            mod_proxy_http、mod_proxy_ajp和proxy_balancer_module

        （实现Tomcat集群时用到）等模块

（1）查看上述模块是否已经装载：

# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd -D DUMP_MODULES | grep  proxy

proxy_module (shared)

proxy_connect_module (shared)

proxy_ftp_module (shared)

proxy_http_module (shared)

proxy_fcgi_module (shared)

proxy_scgi_module (shared)

proxy_ajp_module (shared)

proxy_balancer_module (shared)

proxy_express_module (shared)

（2）修改主配置文件

# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

注释中心主机：

#DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"

添加虚拟主机相关的内容：

Include /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

添加pid文件：

PidFile "/var/run/httpd.pid"

（3）添加从配置文件：

# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

<VirtualHost *:80>

ProxyVia On

ProxyRequests Off

ProxyPass / http://202.207.178.7:8080/

ProxyPassReverse / http://202.207.178.7:8080/

<Proxy *>

Require all granted

</Proxy>

<Location  / >

Require all granted

</Location>

</VirtualHost>

（4）启动httpd服务

# service httpd restart

启动报错，查看/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log发现报错，需要启动两个模块

# vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf

   LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so

        LoadModule socache_shmcb_modulemodules/mod_socache_shmcb.so

访问http://202.207.178.8/，可以访问到后端！

7、配置apache通过mod_proxy模块与Tomcat连接，实现负载均衡

（1）修改从配置文件，改为以下内容

# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

ProxyRequests Off

<proxy balancer://lbcluster1>

BalancerMember ajp://202.207.178.6:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatA

BalancerMember ajp://202.207.178.7:8009 loadfactor=10 route=TomcatB

ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests

</proxy>

<VirtualHost *:80>

#没啥用，可以不定义

ServerName localhost

ProxyVia On

ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster1/

ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lbcluster1/

<Proxy *>

Require all granted

</Proxy>

<Location  / >

Require all granted

</Location>

</VirtualHost>

访问http://202.207.178.8/，可以访问到后端，并实现负载均衡！

8、提供后端状态页面

（1）修改配置文件，在虚拟主机中添加以下内容

# vim /etc/httpd/extra/httpd-proxy.conf

       <Location /balancer-manager>

SetHandler balancer-manager

Proxypass !

Require all granted

</Location>

（2）重启服务，即可访问测试了

http://202.207.178.8/balancer-manager，可以访问到一个状态页面


本文出自 “10917734” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://10927734.blog.51cto.com/10917734/1886752

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