一些配置心得和总结！！

  在公司实习了一个多月了，让我印象最深刻的不是编程、不是代码框架而是我一直抵触的软件的安装、配置、系统命令……

   由于公司需要搭建的环境是没有网络的支持，所以我都在和源码包、依赖包、配置文件打交道 

   一、apache 的安装和配置

  安装： 

  1、首先下载httpd-2.5.*.tar.gz

   2、使用 tar -zxvf 进行解压缩

   3、进入解压的目录，使用命令

    ./configure  --prefix = 默认的安装路径 

    # make 

    # make install

   4、安装过程中可能出现的问题---一般不会有问题

   1>checking for C compiler default output file name ……;error:C compiler cannot create 

executables 

     解决办法：安装 build-essential 

   2>configure : error :APR not found . please read documentation

     解决办法：安装apr和apt-util 

      5>重新执行 3 的命令

  配置：

     通过上面的命令，将apache2成功安装。现在开始对 apache 进行配置

     打开      apache 的安装路径/conf/httpd.conf

     1、要求 ： 搭建 cgi 的编译环境

     2、需求 ：创建一个虚拟域名 

     3、对于配置文件修改的部分进行标记和解释

1. #
2. ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache2"
3. #
4. # Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
5. # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
6. # directive.
7. #
8. # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
9. # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
10. #
11. #Listen 12.34.56.78:80
12. Listen 80
13. #
14. # Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
15. #
16. # To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
17. # have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
18. # directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
19. # Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
20. # to be loaded here.
21. #
22. # Example:
23. # LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
24. #
25. <IfModule !mpm_netware_module>
26. #
27. # If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
28. # httpd as root initially and it will switch.
29. #
30. # User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
31. # It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
32. # running httpd, as with most system services.
33. #
34. User daemon
35. Group daemon
36. </IfModule>
37. 
    
38. # 'Main' server configuration
39. #
40. # The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
41. # server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
42. # <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for
43. # any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
44. #
45. # All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
46. # in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
47. # virtual host being defined.
48. #
49. 
    
50. #
51. # ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
52. # e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
53. # as error documents. e.g. [e-mail]
54. #
55. ServerAdmin [e-mail]
56. 
    
57. #
58. # ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
59. # This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
60. # it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
61. #
62. # If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
63. #
64. #ServerName www.example.com:80
65. 
    
66. #
67. # DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
68. # documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
69. # symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
70. #
71. DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs"
72. 
    
73. #
74. # Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect
75. # to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that
76. # directory (and its subdirectories).
77. #
78. # First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of
79. # features.
80. #
81. <Directory />
82. Options FollowSymLinks
83. AllowOverride None
84. Order deny,allow
85. Deny from all
86. </Directory>
87. 
    
88. #
89. # Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
90. # particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
91. # you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
92. # below.
93. #
94. 
    
95. #
96. # This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.
97. #
98. <Directory "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs">
99. #
100. # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
101. # or any combination of:
102. # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
103. #
104. # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
105. # doesn't give it to you.
106. #
107. # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see
108. # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
109. # for more information.
110. #
111. Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
112. 
     
113. #
114. # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
115. # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
116. # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
117. #
118. AllowOverride None
119. 
     
120. #
121. # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
122. #
123. Order allow,deny
124. Allow from all
125. 
     
126. </Directory>
127. 
     
128. #
129. # DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
130. # is requested.
131. #
132. <IfModule dir_module>
133. DirectoryIndex index.html
134. </IfModule>
135. 
     
136. #
137. # The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
138. # viewed by Web clients.
139. #
140. <FilesMatch "^\.ht">
141. Order allow,deny
142. Deny from all
143. Satisfy All
144. </FilesMatch>
145. 
     
146. #
147. # ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
148. # If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
149. # container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
150. # logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
151. # container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
152. #
153. ErrorLog logs/error_log
154. 
     
155. #
156. # LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
157. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
158. # alert, emerg.
159. #
160. LogLevel warn
161. 
     
162. <IfModule log_config_module>
163. #
164. # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
165. # a CustomLog directive (see below).
166. #
167. LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
168. LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
169. 
     
170. <IfModule logio_module>
171. # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
172. LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
173. </IfModule>
174. 
     
175. #
176. # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
177. # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
178. # container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*
179. # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
180. # logged therein and *not* in this file.
181. #
182. CustomLog logs/access_log common
183. 
     
184. #
185. # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
186. # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
187. #
188. #CustomLog logs/access_log combined
189. </IfModule>
190. 
     
191. <IfModule alias_module>
192. #
193. # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to
194. # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client
195. # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
196. # Example:
197. # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar
198. 
     
199. #
200. # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
201. # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
202. # Example:
203. # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
204. #
205. # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
206. # require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely
207. # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
208. # the filesystem path.
209. 
     
210. #
211. # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.
212. # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
213. # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
214. # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
215. # client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
216. # directives as to Alias.
217. #
218. ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin/"
219. # 一种映射，如何遇到 cgi-bin 则用 usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin 替换
220. </IfModule>
221. 
     
222. <IfModule cgid_module>
223. #
224. # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX
225. # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.
226. #
227. #Scriptsock logs/cgisock
228. </IfModule>
229. 
     
230. #
231. # "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
232. # CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
233. #
234. <Directory "/usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin">
235. AllowOverride all
236. Options all
237. Order allow,deny
238. Allow from all
239. </Directory>
240. 
     
241. #
242. # DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document
243. # if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.
244. # If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is
245. # a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications
246. # or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to
247. # keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are
248. # text.
249. #
250. DefaultType text/plain
251. 
     
252. <IfModule mime_module>
253. #
254. # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
255. # filename extension to MIME-type.
256. #
257. TypesConfig conf/mime.types
258. 
     
259. #
260. # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
261. # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
262. #
263. #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
264. #
265. # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
266. # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
267. #
268. #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
269. #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
270. #
271. # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
272. # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
273. #
274. AddType application/x-compress .Z
275. AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
276. 
     
277. #
278. # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
279. # actions unrelatgged to filetype. These can be either built into the server
280. # or added with the Action directive (see below)
281. #
282. # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
283. # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
284. #
285. AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl .pl
286. 
     
287. # For type maps (negotiated resources):
288. #AddHandler type-map var
289. 
     
290. #
291. # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
292. #
293. # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
294. # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
295. #
296. #AddType text/html .shtml
297. #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
298. </IfModule>
299. 
     
300. #
301. # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
302. # contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile
303. # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
304. #
305. #MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
306. 
     
307. #
308. # Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
309. # 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
310. #
311. # Some examples:
312. #ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
313. #ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
314. #ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
315. #ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
316. #
317. 
     
318. #
319. # EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,
320. # memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver
321. # files. This usually improves server performance, but must
322. # be turned off when serving from networked-mounted
323. # filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
324. # broken on your system.
325. #
326. #EnableMMAP off
327. #EnableSendfile off
328. 
     
329. # Supplemental configuration
330. #
331. # The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be
332. # included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of
333. # the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as
334. # necessary.
335. 
     
336. # Server-pool management (MPM specific)
337. #Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
338. 
     
339. # Multi-language error messages
340. #Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf
341. 
     
342. # Fancy directory listings
343. #Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf
344. 
     
345. # Language settings
346. #Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf
347. 
     
348. # User home directories
349. #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
350. 
     
351. # Real-time info on requests and configuration
352. #Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf
353. 
     
354. # Virtual hosts
355. #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
356. 
     
357. # Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual
358. #Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf
359. 
     
360. # Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
361. #Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf
362. 
     
363. # Various default settings
364. #Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf
365. 
     
366. # Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
367. #Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
368. #
369. # Note: The following must must be present to support
370. # starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent
371. # but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.
372. #
373. #这是虚拟域名
374. NameVirtualHost 127.0.0.1  # 说明虚拟主机的IP 和监听端口 
375. <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1>    # 在 VirtualHost  后面的ＩＰ必须和上面一致
376. ServerName www.glinuxi.com # 虚拟域名
377. ServerAdmin [e-mail] #  管理员的邮箱
378. DocumentRoot /home/gaoyi/gaoyi/WEB/htdocs/ # 虚拟主机的文档目录
379. <Directory />
380. Options FollowSymLinks
381. AllowOverride None
382. </Directory>
383. <Directory /home/gaoyi/gaoyi/WEB/htdocs> 
384. Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
385. AllowOverride None
386. Order allow,deny
387. allow from all
388. # This directive allows us to have apache2's default start page
389. # in /apache2-default/, but still have / go to the right place
390. # Commented out for Ubuntu
391. #RedirectMatch ^/$ /apache2-default/
392. </Directory>
393. ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/gaoyi/gaoyi/WEB/cgi-bin/ # 映射相应用户的cgi路径
394. <Directory "/home/gaoyi/gaoyi/WEB/cgi-bin">
395. AllowOverride Options
396. Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch  #执行权限
397. Order allow,deny
398. Allow from all 
399. </Directory>
400. ErrorLog / home/gaoyi/gaoyi/WEB/errorlogs/error.log 
401. # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
402. # alert, emerg.
403. LogLevel warn
404. CustomLog /home/gaoyi/gaoyi/WEB/errorlogs/access.log combined
405. ServerSignature On
406. Alias /doc/ "/home/gaoyi/gaoyi/WEB/htdocs/doc/"
407. <Directory "/home/gaoyi/gaoyi/WEB/htdocs/doc/">
408. Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
409. AllowOverride None
410. Order deny,allow
411. Deny from all
412. Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
413. </Directory>
414. </VirtualHost>
415. 
     
416. <IfModule ssl_module>
417. SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
418. SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
419. </IfModule>

切记：要重新启动 apache ，配置文件才能生效 

      ./apachectl  -k restart

在浏览器输入： http://www.glinuxi.com/html文件 即可

二 、mysql 的源码安装

  1、下载mysql的源码包。此时需要考虑到他与gcc 的兼容

  2、使用 tar -zxvf 进行解压缩

  3、安装步骤： http://www.cnblogs.com/JemBai/archive/2012/03/05/2380685.html

  4、安装成功后，开始对mysql 启动

   sudo -i

   ps aux|grep mysql 

   kill pid(mysql)

   cd   /usr/local/mysql/bin

   ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql

   ./mysqld_safe  --user=mysql&

   ./mysql -u  root -p