公众号后台开发(SpingMVC接收与响应公众号消息)

1.准备

1.准备服务

与微信对接的url要具备以下条件:

(1)在公网上能够访问

(2)端口只支持80端口

　　在这里如果是公网能够访问的服务最好，也可以通过花生壳或者其他外网映射工具进行映射，比如ngrok。

2.数据交互原理

　　开发模式与编辑模式是互斥的，打开开发模式的时候，编辑模式的自动回复与自定义菜单失效；打开编辑模式的自动回复或者自定义菜单的时候开发模式会失效。

开发模式的数据交互原理如下:

　　我们需要开发的任务就是维信公众号服务器，包括业务逻辑、身份验证等操作。

2.接入后台

　　参考公众号开发文档：   开发->开发者工具-》开发者文档，里面有类似于对接钉钉的文档，有接入指南以及其他接口文档。

　　https://developers.weixin.qq.com/doc/offiaccount/Getting_Started/Overview.html

1.  第一步：填写服务器配置

　　到公众号后台：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/

2 第二步：验证消息的确来自微信服务器(在自己的微信服务器进行验证)

　　开发者提交信息后，微信服务器将发送GET请求到填写的服务器地址URL上，GET请求携带参数如下表所示：

开发者通过检验signature对请求进行校验（下面有校验方式）。若确认此次GET请求来自微信服务器，请原样返回echostr参数内容，则接入生效，成为开发者成功，否则接入失败。加密/校验流程如下：

1）将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序 2）将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密 3）开发者获得加密后的字符串可与signature对比，标识该请求来源于微信

SpringMVC接收代码如下:

package cn.qlq.controller.weixin;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import cn.qlq.controller.UserController;
import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.WeixinCheckUtils;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("weixin")
public class WeixinController {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

    @ResponseBody
    @RequestMapping("index")
    public String index(@RequestParam(required = false) String signature,
            @RequestParam(required = false) String timestamp, @RequestParam(required = false) String nonce,
            @RequestParam(required = false) String echostr) {

        logger.debug("signature: {}, timestamp: {}, nonce: {}, echostr: {}", signature, timestamp, nonce, echostr);

        if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(signature, timestamp, nonce)
                && WeixinCheckUtils.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
            return echostr;
        }

        return "error";
    }
}

验证工具如下:

package cn.qlq.utils.weixin;

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class WeixinCheckUtils {

    // token，与微信公众号后台的一致
    private static final String token = "devqiaolq";

    public static boolean checkSignature(String signature, String timestamp, String nonce) {
        String[] arr = new String[] { token, timestamp, nonce };

        // 排序
        Arrays.sort(arr);

        // 生成字符串
        StringBuffer content = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
            content.append(arr[i]);
        }

        // sha1加密
        String temp = getSha1(content.toString());
        return temp.equals(signature);

    }

    public static String getSha1(String str) {
        if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
            return null;
        }

        char hexDigits[] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };

        try {
            MessageDigest mdTemp = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
            mdTemp.update(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));

            byte[] md = mdTemp.digest();
            int j = md.length;
            char buf[] = new char[j * 2];
            int k = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
                byte byte0 = md[i];
                buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 >>> 4 & 0xf];
                buf[k++] = hexDigits[byte0 & 0xf];
            }
            return new String(buf);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return null;
        }
    }
}

　　注意:如果有登录过滤器，记得在过滤器中放行微信请求.

3. 第三步：依据接口文档实现业务逻辑

1. 首先需要启用开发者模式:(启用开发者模式之后自己的自定义菜单就不会生效)

2. 接收与响应文字消息

　　当普通微信用户向公众账号发消息时，微信服务器将POST消息的XML数据包到开发者填写的URL上。

文本消息的xml数据格式如下:

<xml>
  <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName>
  <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName>
  <CreateTime>1348831860</CreateTime>
  <MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType>
  <Content><![CDATA[this is a test]]></Content>
  <MsgId>1234567890123456</MsgId>
</xml>

参数解释:

参数	描述
ToUserName	开发者微信号
FromUserName	发送方帐号（一个OpenID）
CreateTime	消息创建时间 （整型）
MsgType	消息类型，文本为text
Content	文本消息内容
MsgId	消息id，64位整型

(1)建立后台对应的TextMessage实体类:

package cn.qlq.bean.weixin;

public class TextMessage {

    /**
     * 开发者微信号
     */
    private String ToUserName;

    /**
     * 发送方帐号（一个OpenID）
     */
    private String FromUserName;

    /**
     * 消息创建时间 （整型）
     */
    private long CreateTime;

    /**
     * text
     */
    private String MsgType;

    /**
     * 文本消息内容
     */
    private String Content;

    /**
     * 消息id，64位整型
     */
    private String MsgId;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "TextMessage{" + "ToUserName='" + ToUserName + '\'' + ", FromUserName='" + FromUserName + '\''
                + ", CreateTime=" + CreateTime + ", MsgType='" + MsgType + '\'' + ", Content='" + Content + '\''
                + ", MsgId='" + MsgId + '\'' + '}';
    }

    public String getToUserName() {
        return ToUserName;
    }

    public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
        ToUserName = toUserName;
    }

    public String getFromUserName() {
        return FromUserName;
    }

    public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
        FromUserName = fromUserName;
    }

    public long getCreateTime() {
        return CreateTime;
    }

    public void setCreateTime(long createTime) {
        CreateTime = createTime;
    }

    public String getMsgType() {
        return MsgType;
    }

    public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
        MsgType = msgType;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return Content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        Content = content;
    }

    public String getMsgId() {
        return MsgId;
    }

    public void setMsgId(String msgId) {
        MsgId = msgId;
    }

}

(2)编写工具类实现xml(接收的是xml格式的数据)转map和TextMessage对象转换成xml(响应数据格式为xml)

pom加入:

        <!--微信转换XML所需包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>dom4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.thoughtworks.xstream/xstream -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
            <artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.10</version>
        </dependency>

工具类:

package cn.qlq.utils.weixin;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.TextMessage;

public class MessageUtils {

    /**
     * xml数据转map
     *
     * @param request
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws DocumentException
     */
    public static Map<String, String> xmlToMap(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException, DocumentException {
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();

        InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
        Document document = reader.read(inputStream);

        Element root = document.getRootElement();
        List<Element> list = root.elements();

        for (Element element : list) {
            map.put(element.getName(), element.getText());
        }

        inputStream.close();
        return map;
    }

    /**
     * 将文本消息对象转换成xml
     *
     * @param textMessage
     * @return
     */
    public static String textMessageToXml(TextMessage textMessage) {
        XStream xStream = new XStream();
        // 将xml的根元素替换成xml
        xStream.alias("xml", textMessage.getClass());
        return xStream.toXML(textMessage);
    }
}

(3)重写Controller接收消息和响应消息

package cn.qlq.controller.weixin;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.TextMessage;
import cn.qlq.controller.UserController;
import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.MessageUtils;
import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.WeixinCheckUtils;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("weixin")
public class WeixinController {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

    @RequestMapping(value = "index", method = { RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST })
    public void index(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

        // 将请求、响应的编码均设置为UTF-8（防止中文乱码）
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 微信服务器POST消息时用的是UTF-8编码，在接收时也要用同样的编码，否则中文会乱码；
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 在响应消息（回复消息给用户）时，也将编码方式设置为UTF-8，原理同上；

        String method = request.getMethod().toLowerCase();
        logger.info("method: {}", method);

        // 验证是否是微信请求
        if ("get".equals(method)) {
            doGet(request, response);
            return;
        }

        // POST请求接收消息，且给客户响应消息
        doPost(request, response);
    }

    /**
     * Post请求用于接收消息且处理消息之后回传消息
     *
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        try {
            Map<String, String> map = MessageUtils.xmlToMap(request);
            String fromUserName = map.get("FromUserName");
            String toUserName = map.get("ToUserName");
            String msgType = map.get("MsgType");
            String content = map.get("Content");
            logger.info("map: {}", map);

            if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(content)) {
                System.out.println("接收的的消息为:" + content + ",你可以根据关键字进行搜索或者做其他");
            }

            String message = null;
            if ("text".equals(msgType)) {
                TextMessage textMessage = new TextMessage();
                // 回传消息，所以讲fromuser和toUser交换
                textMessage.setFromUserName(toUserName);
                textMessage.setToUserName(fromUserName);
                textMessage.setMsgType(msgType);
                textMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
                textMessage.setContent("您发送的消息为: " + content);
                logger.info("textMessage: {}", textMessage);

                message = MessageUtils.textMessageToXml(textMessage);
            }

            out.print(message);// 把消息发送到客户端
        } catch (DocumentException e) {
            logger.error("dispose post request error", e);
        } finally {
            out.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get请求用于微信配置验证
     *
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        String signature = request.getParameter("signature");// 微信加密签名
        String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");// 时间戳
        String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");// 随机数
        String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");// 随机字符串
        logger.info("signature: {}, timestamp: {}, nonce: {}, echostr: {}", signature, timestamp, nonce, echostr);

        if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(signature, timestamp, nonce)
                && WeixinCheckUtils.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
            response.getWriter().write(echostr);
        }
    }
}

测试:

Java服务器日志如下:

2019-10-23 23:34:15.625 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-9] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : method: post
2019-10-23 23:34:15.633 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-9] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : map: {MsgId=22503405793257008, FromUserName=o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo, CreateTime=1571844638, Content=怎么了, ToUserName=gh_fc4bd5c2fda8, MsgType=text}
接收的的消息为:怎么了,你可以根据关键字进行搜索或者做其他
2019-10-23 23:34:15.635 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-9] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : textMessage: TextMessage{ToUserName='o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo', FromUserName='gh_fc4bd5c2fda8', CreateTime=1571844855635, MsgType='text', Content='您发送的消息为: 怎么了', MsgId='null'}
2019-10-23 23:34:20.288 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-3] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : method: post
2019-10-23 23:34:20.295 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-3] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : map: {MsgId=22503406289173072, FromUserName=o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo, CreateTime=1571844642, Content=什么意思, ToUserName=gh_fc4bd5c2fda8, MsgType=text}
接收的的消息为:什么意思,你可以根据关键字进行搜索或者做其他
2019-10-23 23:34:20.296 INFO 244500 --- [nio-8088-exec-3] cn.qlq.controller.UserController : textMessage: TextMessage{ToUserName='o_qAo0u6Snhoc7Z45RfSxYatMWpo', FromUserName='gh_fc4bd5c2fda8', CreateTime=1571844860296, MsgType='text', Content='您发送的消息为: 什么意思', MsgId='null'}

4. 接收其他类型的消息以及返回文本消息、图文消息

　　公众号可以接受的消息大概有文本消息(在上面已经接收)、图片(image)消息、语音(voice，在后台接口开启语音识别可以自动识别文字)消息、视频(video)消息、短视频(shortvideo)消息、地理位置(location)消息、链接(link)消息、事件(event，事件类型:subscribe(订阅)、unsubscribe(取消订阅))消息。

　　公众号可以回复的消息有: 文本(text)消息、图片消息(image)、语音消息(voice)、视频消息(video)、音乐消息(music)、图文(news)消息。

注意:这里需要注意接收的消息和发送的消息数据数据格式不一样。如下是回复的图片消息和图文消息的数据格式:

回传图片消息数据格式:

<xml>
  <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName>
  <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName>
  <CreateTime>12345678</CreateTime>
  <MsgType><![CDATA[image]]></MsgType>
  <Image>
    <MediaId><![CDATA[media_id]]></MediaId>
  </Image>
</xml>

回传图文消息数据格式:

<xml>
  <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName>
  <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName>
  <CreateTime>12345678</CreateTime>
  <MsgType><![CDATA[news]]></MsgType>
  <ArticleCount>1</ArticleCount>
  <Articles>
    <item>
      <Title><![CDATA[title1]]></Title>
      <Description><![CDATA[description1]]></Description>
      <PicUrl><![CDATA[picurl]]></PicUrl>
      <Url><![CDATA[url]]></Url>
    </item>
  </Articles>
</xml>

自己封装的controller接收数据和消息处理的工具类如下:

package cn.qlq.controller.weixin;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.AbstractResponseMessage;
import cn.qlq.controller.UserController;
import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.MessageHandler;
import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.MessageUtils;
import cn.qlq.utils.weixin.WeixinCheckUtils;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("weixin")
public class WeixinController {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserController.class);

    @RequestMapping(value = "index", method = { RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST })
    public void index(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {

        // 将请求、响应的编码均设置为UTF-8（防止中文乱码）
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 微信服务器POST消息时用的是UTF-8编码，在接收时也要用同样的编码，否则中文会乱码；
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); // 在响应消息（回复消息给用户）时，也将编码方式设置为UTF-8，原理同上；

        String method = request.getMethod().toLowerCase();
        logger.info("method: {}", method);

        // 验证是否是微信请求
        if ("get".equals(method)) {
            doGet(request, response);
            return;
        }

        // POST请求接收消息，且给客户响应消息
        doPost(request, response);
    }

    /**
     * Post请求用于接收消息且处理消息之后回传消息
     *
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        try {
            // 消息转map
            Map<String, Object> map = MessageUtils.xmlToMap(request);
            logger.info("接收到的消息map: {}", map);

            // 调用工具类处理完之后显示回传消息
            AbstractResponseMessage responseMessage = MessageHandler.handlMessage(map);
            logger.info("回传的消息responseMessage: {}", responseMessage);

            if (responseMessage == null) {
                return;
            }

            String messageToXml = MessageUtils.messageToXml(responseMessage);
            logger.info("回传的消息responseMessage messageToXml: {}", messageToXml);
            out.print(messageToXml);// 把消息发送到客户端
        } catch (DocumentException e) {
            logger.error("dispose post request error", e);
        } finally {
            out.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get请求用于微信配置验证
     *
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        String signature = request.getParameter("signature");// 微信加密签名
        String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");// 时间戳
        String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");// 随机数
        String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");// 随机字符串
        logger.info("signature: {}, timestamp: {}, nonce: {}, echostr: {}", signature, timestamp, nonce, echostr);

        if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(signature, timestamp, nonce)
                && WeixinCheckUtils.checkSignature(signature, timestamp, nonce)) {
            response.getWriter().write(echostr);
        }
    }
}

package cn.qlq.utils.weixin;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.collections.MapUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.EventMessage;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.ImageMessage;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.LinkMessage;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.LocationMessage;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.TextMessage;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.VideoMessage;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.VoiceMessage;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.AbstractResponseMessage;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.ImageResponseMessage;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.NewsResponseMessage;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.NewsResponseMessageArticle;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.NewsResponseMessageArticleItem;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.TextResponseMessage;
import cn.qlq.utils.BeanUtils;

public class MessageHandler {

    public static final String MESSAGE_TEXT = "text";
    public static final String MESSAGE_IMAGE = "image";
    public static final String MESSAGE_VOICE = "voice";
    public static final String MESSAGE_VIDEO = "video";
    public static final String MESSAGE_LINK = "link";
    public static final String MESSAGE_LOCATION = "location";
    public static final String MESSAGE_EVENT = "event";// 事件
    public static final String MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE = "subscribe";// 关注
    public static final String MESSAGE_UNSUBSCRIBE = "unsubscribe";// 取消关注
    public static final String MESSAGE_CLICK = "CLICK";
    public static final String MESSAGE_VIEW = "VIEW";

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageHandler.class);

    public static AbstractResponseMessage handlMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {
        if (MapUtils.isEmpty(messageMap)) {
            logger.error("message is empty");
            return null;
        }

        String msgType = (String) messageMap.get("MsgType");
        if (MESSAGE_TEXT.equals(msgType)) {
            return handleTextMessage(messageMap);
        } else if (MESSAGE_IMAGE.equals(msgType)) {
            return handleImageMessage(messageMap);
        } else if (MESSAGE_LOCATION.equals(msgType)) {
            return handleLocationMessage(messageMap);
        } else if (MESSAGE_EVENT.equals(msgType)) {
            return handleEventMessage(messageMap);
        } else if (MESSAGE_LINK.equals(msgType)) {
            return handleLinkMessage(messageMap);
        } else if (MESSAGE_VOICE.equals(msgType)) {
            return handleVoiceMessage(messageMap);
        } else if (MESSAGE_VIDEO.equals(msgType)) {
            return handleVideoMessage(messageMap);
        }

        return null;
    }

    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleVideoMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {
        VideoMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, VideoMessage.class, true);

        String thumbMediaId = message.getThumbMediaId();
        // 可以用图片路径做其他操作
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(thumbMediaId)) {
            System.out.println("您接收到视频消息, thumbMediaId为: " + thumbMediaId);
        }

        String responseMsg = "您发送了一条视频消息，thumbMediaId为: " + thumbMediaId;
        return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(message.getToUserName(), message.getFromUserName(), responseMsg);
    }

    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleVoiceMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {
        VoiceMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, VoiceMessage.class, true);

        String recognition = message.getRecognition();
        String format = message.getFormat();
        // 可以用图片路径做其他操作
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(recognition)) {
            System.out.println("您接收到语音消息， 格式为: " + format + ", 转换后的文字为: " + recognition);
        }

        String responseMsg = "您发送了一条语音消息，格式为: " + format + ", 转换后的文字为: " + recognition;
        return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(message.getToUserName(), message.getFromUserName(), responseMsg);
    }

    /**
     * 处理链接消息(回复一条图文消息)
     *
     * @param message
     * @return
     */
    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleLinkMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {
        LinkMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, LinkMessage.class, true);

        String desc = message.getDescription();
        String title = message.getTitle();
        String url = message.getUrl();
        // 可以用图片路径做其他操作
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(url)) {
            System.out.println("您接收到链接消息， title: " + title + ", desc: " + desc + ", url: " + url);
        }

        // 回复一条图文消息
        NewsResponseMessage news = new NewsResponseMessage();
        news.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
        news.setFromUserName(message.getToUserName());
        news.setToUserName(message.getFromUserName());
        news.setArticleCount("1");
        news.setMsgType("news");

        NewsResponseMessageArticle article = new NewsResponseMessageArticle();
        news.setArticles(article);

        // 创建多条图文消息
        for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
            NewsResponseMessageArticleItem item = new NewsResponseMessageArticleItem();
            item.setTitle("18年写的面试心得");
            item.setPicUrl("https://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/qlqwjy/1031659/o_9.bmp");
            item.setUrl("https://www.cnblogs.com/qlqwjy/p/9194434.html");
            item.setDescription("18年毕设心血来潮写的毕设心得，1年后再看有点东西。");

            article.addNewsResponseMessageArticleItem(item);
        }

        return news;
    }

    /**
     * 处理事件消息(订阅和取消订阅)
     *
     * @param messageMap
     * @return
     */
    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleEventMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {
        EventMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, EventMessage.class, true);

        String event = message.getEvent();
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(event)) {
            System.out.println("您接收到事件消息， 事件类型为: " + event);
        }

        if (MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE.equals(event)) {
            // 关注的时候
            System.out.println("这里可以向数据库插入数据");

            String responseMsg = MessageUtils.subscribeWelcomeText();
            return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(message.getToUserName(), message.getFromUserName(), responseMsg);
        } else {
            // 取消关注(不用回传消息.需要将用户产生的数据删除)
            System.out.println("这时需要从数据删除  " + message.getFromUserName() + " 用户产生的相关数据");

            return null;
        }
    }

    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleLocationMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {
        LocationMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, LocationMessage.class, true);

        String label = message.getLabel();
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(label)) {
            System.out.println("您接收到位置消息， 地理位置信息为: " + message);
        }

        String responseMsg = "您发送了一条位置消息， 您的地理位置信息为:" + label;
        return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(message.getToUserName(), message.getFromUserName(), responseMsg);
    }

    /**
     * 处理图片消息(回复一条图片消息)
     *
     * @param message
     * @return
     */
    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleImageMessage(Map<String, Object> message) {
        ImageMessage imageMessage = BeanUtils.map2Bean(message, ImageMessage.class, true);

        String url = imageMessage.getPicUrl();
        // 可以用图片路径做其他操作
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(url)) {
            System.out.println("您接收到的图片消息url为: " + url);
        }

        // 回传一条图片消息
        ImageResponseMessage responseMessage = new ImageResponseMessage();
        responseMessage.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
        responseMessage.setFromUserName(imageMessage.getToUserName());
        responseMessage.setToUserName(imageMessage.getFromUserName());
        responseMessage.setMediaId(imageMessage.getMediaId());
        responseMessage.setMsgType(MESSAGE_IMAGE);

        return responseMessage;
    }

    /**
     * 处理文本消息
     *
     * @param message
     * @return
     */
    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleTextMessage(Map<String, Object> message) {
        TextMessage textMessage = BeanUtils.map2Bean(message, TextMessage.class, true);

        String content = textMessage.getContent();
        // 可以根据文本消息去查库或者进行其他操作
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(content)) {
            System.out.println("您接收到的文本消息内容为: " + content);
        }

        // 设置回传的消息内容
        TextResponseMessage responseMessage = new TextResponseMessage();
        responseMessage.setContent("服务器已接收到您的消息，内容为: " + content);
        responseMessage.setCreateTime(new Date().getTime());
        responseMessage.setFromUserName(textMessage.getToUserName());
        responseMessage.setToUserName(textMessage.getFromUserName());
        responseMessage.setMsgType(MESSAGE_TEXT);

        return responseMessage;
    }

}

package cn.qlq.utils.weixin;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;

import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.AbstractResponseMessage;
import cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.TextResponseMessage;

public class MessageUtils {

    /**
     * xml数据转map
     *
     * @param request
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws DocumentException
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> xmlToMap(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException, DocumentException {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();

        InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
        Document document = reader.read(inputStream);

        Element root = document.getRootElement();
        List<Element> list = root.elements();

        for (Element element : list) {
            map.put(element.getName(), element.getText());
        }

        inputStream.close();
        return map;
    }

    /**
     * 将文本消息对象转换成xml
     *
     * @param message
     * @return
     */
    public static String messageToXml(AbstractResponseMessage message) {
        XStream xStream = new XStream();
        // 将xml的根元素替换成xml
        xStream.alias("xml", message.getClass());
        xStream.alias("item", cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.NewsResponseMessageArticleItem.class);
        xStream.addImplicitArray(cn.qlq.bean.weixin.response.NewsResponseMessageArticle.class, "items");

        return xStream.toXML(message);
    }

    /**
     * 将文本消息对象转换成xml
     *
     * @param message
     * @return
     */
    public static String messageToXml2(AbstractResponseMessage message) {
        XStream xStream = new XStream();
        // 将xml的根元素替换成xml
        xStream.alias("xml", message.getClass());
        return xStream.toXML(message);
    }

    /**
     * 订阅后的欢迎信息
     *
     * @return
     */
    public static String subscribeWelcomeText() {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("欢迎您的关注，这里是乔治个人平台：\n\n");
        sb.append("1.推荐一些优秀的文章\n");// \n代表换行
        sb.append("2.记录一些美好时刻\n\n");

        return sb.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 生成文本消息
     *
     * @param fromUserName
     * @param toUserName
     * @param content
     * @return
     */
    public static TextResponseMessage initTextMessage(String fromUserName, String toUserName, String content) {
        TextResponseMessage textResponseMessage = new TextResponseMessage();
        textResponseMessage.setFromUserName(fromUserName);
        textResponseMessage.setToUserName(toUserName);
        textResponseMessage.setMsgType(MessageHandler.MESSAGE_TEXT);
        textResponseMessage.setCreateTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
        textResponseMessage.setContent(content);

        return textResponseMessage;
    }

}

结果如下:

5. 获取用户的精度纬度信息

1.首先在接口设置开启经纬度事件(开启之后在用户进入公众号之后会主动拉取用户的位置信息)

2. 处理上报地理位置事件

　　用户同意上报地理位置后，每次进入公众号会话时，都会在进入时上报地理位置，或在进入会话后每5秒上报一次地理位置，公众号可以在公众平台网站中修改以上设置。上报地理位置时，微信会将上报地理位置事件推送到开发者填写的URL。

推送的XML数据包格式如下：

<xml>
  <ToUserName><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName>
  <FromUserName><![CDATA[fromUser]]></FromUserName>
  <CreateTime>123456789</CreateTime>
  <MsgType><![CDATA[event]]></MsgType>
  <Event><![CDATA[LOCATION]]></Event>
  <Latitude>23.137466</Latitude>
  <Longitude>113.352425</Longitude>
  <Precision>119.385040</Precision>
</xml>

java处理：

封装工具类：

package cn.qlq.bean.weixin;

/**
 * 上报地理位置事件
 *
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class LocationEventMessage extends EventMessage {

    /**
     * 地理位置纬度
     */
    private String Latitude;

    /**
     * 地理位置经度
     */
    private String Longitude;

    /**
     * 地理位置精度
     */
    private String Precision;

    public String getLatitude() {
        return Latitude;
    }

    public void setLatitude(String latitude) {
        Latitude = latitude;
    }

    public String getLongitude() {
        return Longitude;
    }

    public void setLongitude(String longitude) {
        Longitude = longitude;
    }

    public String getPrecision() {
        return Precision;
    }

    public void setPrecision(String precision) {
        Precision = precision;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "LocationEventMessage [Latitude=" + Latitude + ", Longitude=" + Longitude + ", Precision=" + Precision
                + ", ToUserName=" + ToUserName + ", FromUserName=" + FromUserName + ", CreateTime=" + CreateTime
                + ", MsgType=" + MsgType + ", Event=" + Event + "]";
    }

}

修改处理事件消息的代码：(CLICK和VIEW是用于处理自定义菜单事件)

    /**
     * 处理事件消息(订阅和取消订阅)
     *
     * @param messageMap
     * @return
     */
    private static AbstractResponseMessage handleEventMessage(Map<String, Object> messageMap) {
        EventMessage message = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, EventMessage.class, true);
        String event = message.getEvent();
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(event)) {
            System.out.println("您接收到事件消息， 事件类型为: " + event);
        }

        // 关注的时候
        if (MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE.equals(event)) {
            System.out.println("这里可以向数据库插入数据");

            String responseMsg = MessageUtils.subscribeWelcomeText();
            return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(message.getToUserName(), message.getFromUserName(), responseMsg);
        }

        // 取消关注(不用回传消息.需要将用户产生的数据删除)
        if (MESSAGE_SUBSCRIBE.equals(event)) {
            System.out.println("这时需要从数据删除  " + message.getFromUserName() + " 用户产生的相关数据");
            return null;
        }

        // 点击自定义的点击菜单事件
        if (MESSAGE_EVENT_CLICK.equals(event)) {
            ClickViewEventMessage map2Bean = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, ClickViewEventMessage.class, true);
            String eventKey = map2Bean.getEventKey();
            String content = "您点击的按钮的key为: " + eventKey;
            return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(map2Bean.getToUserName(), map2Bean.getFromUserName(), content);
        }

        // VIEW菜单的事件
        if (MESSAGE_EVENT_VIEW.equals(event)) {
            ClickViewEventMessage map2Bean = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, ClickViewEventMessage.class, true);
            String eventKey = map2Bean.getEventKey();
            String content = "您点击的按钮跳转的URL为: " + eventKey;
            return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(map2Bean.getToUserName(), map2Bean.getFromUserName(), content);
        }

        // LOCATION菜单的事件
        if (MESSAGE_EVENT_LOCATION.equals(event)) {
            LocationEventMessage map2Bean = BeanUtils.map2Bean(messageMap, LocationEventMessage.class, true);
            String latitude = map2Bean.getLatitude();
            String longitude = map2Bean.getLongitude();
            String precision = map2Bean.getPrecision();
            String content = "您的经度：" + latitude + "， 您的维度：" + longitude + "， 您的精度： " + precision;
            return MessageUtils.initTextMessage(map2Bean.getToUserName(), map2Bean.getFromUserName(), content);
        }

        return null;
    }

测试结果：(需要开启GPS才可以触发该事件消息发送)

总结:

(1)回传xml数据格式的数据时，可以用字符串进行拼接，不一定用XStream进行转换

(2)微信回传的消息支持换行，换行符为\n

(3)图文消息是最常见的消息，回传消息的时候注意回传的xml数据格式

完整的代码接收消息与回传消息代码参考:https://github.com/qiao-zhi/springboot-ssm.git