检查硬盘是否产生坏道并输出
# badblocks -s -v -o /root/badblocks.log /dev/sda //公司操作
-s Show the progress of the scan by writing out rough percentage completion of the current badblocks pass over the disk. Note that badblocks may do multiple test passes over the disk, in particular if the -p or -w option is requested by the user.
-v Verbose mode.
-o output_file
Write the list of bad blocks to the specified file. Without this option, badblocks displays the list on its standard output. The format of this file is suitable for use by the -l option in e2fsck(8) or mke2fs(8).
使用Linux操作系统命令扫描硬盘
在系统“messages”日志中查看到文件系统异常时，采用Linux操作系统命令检查系统分区可以快速定位硬盘故障。
注意事项
badblocks命令扫描硬盘时会影响系统的IO性能，请不要在系统繁忙时执行。
操作步骤
以root用户登录。
查看系统当前硬盘信息。
# fdisk -l
例如，显示信息如下：
Disk /dev/sda: 298.9 GB, 298999349248 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36351 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 262 2104483+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda2 * 263 32898 262148670 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 32899 36351 27736222+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 40960 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
通过命令扫描硬盘。
# badblocks -s -v /dev/sdnx
其中n表示硬盘设备名，x表示硬盘对应的分区号。例如需要检查“/dev/sda2”，执行命令如下：
# badblocks -s -v /dev/sda2
Checking blocks 0 to 30681000
Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): 306809600674112/ 306810000000
30680964
30680965
30680966
30680967
30680968
30680969
30680970
30680971
30680972
30680973
...
done
Pass completed, 37 bad blocks found.其中，“37 bad blocks found”表示硬盘存在37个坏块。
atop查看系统异常情况
bj-xen-pdc04:~ # cd /var/log/atop/ （进入atop日志所在路径）
bj-xen-pdc04:/var/log/atop # ll
total 21832
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5111271 2013-06-30 00:00 atop_20130629
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5161400 2013-07-01 00:00 atop_20130630
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5190512 2013-07-02 00:00 atop_20130701
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4838774 2013-07-03 00:00 atop_20130702
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1989255 2013-07-03 09:29 atop_20130703
-rw------- 1 root root 0 2013-07-03 00:00 daily.log
bj-xen-pdc04:/var/log/atop # atop -r atop_20130703 （分析历史日志文件）
bj-xen-pdc04:~ # #atop （系统当前状态）
PRC | sys 259m06s | user 16m59s | | #proc 131 | #zombie 2 | clones 71138 | | #exit 0 |
CPU | sys 0% | user 0% | irq 0% | idle 197% | wait 2% | | steal 1% | guest 0% |
cpu | sys 0% | user 0% | irq 0% | idle 98% | cpu000 w 1% | | steal 0% | guest 0% |
cpu | sys 0% | user 0% | irq 0% | idle 99% | cpu001 w 1% | | steal 0% | guest 0% |
CPL | avg1 0.00 | avg5 0.01 | avg15 0.00 | | csw 180094e4 | intr 14098e5 | | numcpu 2 |
MEM | tot 4.0G | free 40.0M | cache 3.1G | dirty 0.0M | buff 259.0M | slab 214.4M | | |
SWP | tot 12.0G | free 12.0G | | | | | vmcom 421.5M | vmlim 14.0G |
PAG | scan 4118e4 | | stall 0 | | | swin 9 | | swout 24 |
DSK | sda | busy 2% | read 577992 | write 1199e4 | KiB/w 33 | MBr/s 0.02 | MBw/s 0.16 | avio 3.94 ms |
DSK | sdb | busy 0% | read 66 | write 0 | KiB/w 0 | MBr/s 0.00 | MBw/s 0.00 | avio 2.24 ms |
DSK | sdc | busy 0% | read 51 | write 0 | KiB/w 0 | MBr/s 0.00 | MBw/s 0.00 | avio 2.27 ms |
NET | transport | tcpi 6889896 | tcpo 1209373 | udpi 21 | udpo 323 | tcpao 15 | tcppo 44 | tcprs 773 |
NET | network | ipi 63073256 | ipo 3862948 | ipfrw 0 | deliv 9820e3 | | icmpi 2654e3 | icmpo 2652e3 |
NET | eth2 0% | pcki 51999e4 | pcko 52311e4 | si 220 Kbps | so 269 Kbps | erri 0 | erro 0 | drpo 0 |
NET | eth5 0% | pcki 56148e3 | pcko 22 | si 35 Kbps | so 0 Kbps | erri 0 | erro 0 | drpo 0 |
NET | bond1 ---- | pcki 51999e4 | pcko 52311e4 | si 220 Kbps | so 269 Kbps | erri 0 | erro 0 | drpo 0 |
NET | br1 ---- | pcki 11815e3 | pcko 3871052 | si 28 Kbps | so 58 Kbps | erri 0 | erro 0 | drpo 0 |
NET | bond0 ---- | pcki 56148e3 | pcko 22 | si 35 Kbps | so 0 Kbps | erri 0 | erro 0 | drpo 0 |
NET | br0 ---- | pcki 56121e3 | pcko 14 | si 31 Kbps | so 0 Kbps | erri 0 | erro 0 | drpo 0 |
NET | vif7.0 ---- | pcki 705258 | pcko 699066 | si 0 Kbps | so 0 Kbps | erri 0 | erro 0 | drpo 2 |
NET | lo ---- | pcki 621 | pcko 621 | si 0 Kbps | so 0 Kbps | erri 0 | erro 0 | drpo 0 |
** system and process activity since boot ***
PID RUID EUID THR SYSCPU USRCPU VGROW RGROW RDDSK WRDSK ST EXC S CPUNR CPU CMD 1/10
7188 root root 1 213m38s 0.02s 0K 0K 0K 0K N- - S 0 1% netback/0
7211 root root 9 13m34s 12m47s 291.6M 46128K 52244K 61036K N- - S 0 0% xend
28813 root root 1 8m20s 66.60s 0K 0K 8K 4K N- - Z 1 0% qemu-dm
8 root root 1 6m21s 9.58s 0K 0K 0K 0K N- - S 1 0% events/1
7 root root 1 6m26s 0.00s 0K 0K 0K 0K N- - S 0 0% events/0
7129 root root 1 3m37s 73.70s 8972K 564K 0K 0K N- - S 0 0% irqbalance
2705 root root 1 71.99s 0.00s 0K 0K 168K 343.8M N- - S 0 0% kjournald
7212 root root 3 50.41s 9.88s 114.5M 7272K 8K 4K N- - S 1 0% blktapctrl
4949 root root 1 42.55s 2.44s 0K 0K 0K 0K N- - S 1 0% bond0
5100 root root 1 43.81s 1.16s 0K 0K 0K 0K N- - S 1 0% bond1
5780 root root 3 32.32s 11.87s 89704K 3760K 1492K 4K N- - S 0 0% qemu-dm
7051 root root 1 35.57s 0.88s 0K 0K 0K 0K N- - S 0 0% HwLogHandle
5966 root root 1 0.88s 27.13s 403.1M 117.5M 37344K 178.3M N- - S 1 0% wireshark
29 root root 1 26.13s 0.00s 0K 0K 0K 10380K N- - S 0 0% kswapd0