在单数据源的情况下,Spring Boot的配置非常简单,只需要在application.properties
文件中配置连接参数即可。但是往往随着业务量发展,我们通常会进行数据库拆分或是引入其他数据库,从而我们需要配置多个数据源,下面基于之前的JdbcTemplate和Spring-data-jpa例子分别介绍两种多数据源的配置方式。
多数据源配置
创建一个Spring配置类,定义两个DataSource
@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig { @Bean(name = "primaryDataSource")
@Qualifier("primaryDataSource")
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource.primary")
public DataSource primaryDataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
} @Bean(name = "secondaryDataSource")
@Qualifier("secondaryDataSource")
@Primary
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="spring.datasource.secondary")
public DataSource secondaryDataSource() {
return DataSourceBuilder.create().build();
} }
对应的application.properties
配置如下:
spring.datasource.primary.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test1
spring.datasource.primary.username=root
spring.datasource.primary.password=root
spring.datasource.primary.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver spring.datasource.secondary.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test2
spring.datasource.secondary.username=root
spring.datasource.secondary.password=root
spring.datasource.secondary.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
JdbcTemplate支持
对JdbcTemplate的支持比较简单,只需要为其注入对应的datasource即可,如下例子,在创建JdbcTemplate的时候分别注入名为primaryDataSource
和secondaryDataSource
的数据源来区分不同的JdbcTemplate。
@Bean(name = "primaryJdbcTemplate")
public JdbcTemplate primaryJdbcTemplate(
@Qualifier("primaryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
} @Bean(name = "secondaryJdbcTemplate")
public JdbcTemplate secondaryJdbcTemplate(
@Qualifier("secondaryDataSource") DataSource dataSource) {
return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
}
接下来通过测试用例来演示如何使用这两个针对不同数据源的JdbcTemplate。
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(Application.class)
public class ApplicationTests { @Autowired
@Qualifier("primaryJdbcTemplate")
protected JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate1; @Autowired
@Qualifier("secondaryJdbcTemplate")
protected JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate2; @Before
public void setUp() {
jdbcTemplate1.update("DELETE FROM USER ");
jdbcTemplate2.update("DELETE FROM USER ");
} @Test
public void test() throws Exception { // 往第一个数据源中插入两条数据
jdbcTemplate1.update("insert into user(id,name,age) values(?, ?, ?)", , "aaa", );
jdbcTemplate1.update("insert into user(id,name,age) values(?, ?, ?)", , "bbb", ); // 往第二个数据源中插入一条数据,若插入的是第一个数据源,则会主键冲突报错
jdbcTemplate2.update("insert into user(id,name,age) values(?, ?, ?)", , "aaa", ); // 查一下第一个数据源中是否有两条数据,验证插入是否成功
Assert.assertEquals("", jdbcTemplate1.queryForObject("select count(1) from user", String.class)); // 查一下第一个数据源中是否有两条数据,验证插入是否成功
Assert.assertEquals("", jdbcTemplate2.queryForObject("select count(1) from user", String.class)); } }
Spring-data-jpa支持
新增对第一数据源的JPA配置,注意两处注释的地方,用于指定数据源对应的Entity
实体和Repository
定义位置,用@Primary
区分主数据源。
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(
entityManagerFactoryRef="entityManagerFactoryPrimary",
transactionManagerRef="transactionManagerPrimary",
basePackages= { "com.didispace.domain.p" }) //设置Repository所在位置
public class PrimaryConfig { @Autowired @Qualifier("primaryDataSource")
private DataSource primaryDataSource; @Primary
@Bean(name = "entityManagerPrimary")
public EntityManager entityManager(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
return entityManagerFactoryPrimary(builder).getObject().createEntityManager();
} @Primary
@Bean(name = "entityManagerFactoryPrimary")
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryPrimary (EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
return builder
.dataSource(primaryDataSource)
.properties(getVendorProperties(primaryDataSource))
.packages("com.didispace.domain.p") //设置实体类所在位置
.persistenceUnit("primaryPersistenceUnit")
.build();
} @Autowired
private JpaProperties jpaProperties; private Map<String, String> getVendorProperties(DataSource dataSource) {
return jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(dataSource);
} @Primary
@Bean(name = "transactionManagerPrimary")
public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManagerPrimary(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactoryPrimary(builder).getObject());
} }
新增对第二数据源的JPA配置,内容与第一数据源类似,具体如下:
@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(
entityManagerFactoryRef="entityManagerFactorySecondary",
transactionManagerRef="transactionManagerSecondary",
basePackages= { "com.didispace.domain.s" }) //设置Repository所在位置
public class SecondaryConfig { @Autowired @Qualifier("secondaryDataSource")
private DataSource secondaryDataSource; @Bean(name = "entityManagerSecondary")
public EntityManager entityManager(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
return entityManagerFactorySecondary(builder).getObject().createEntityManager();
} @Bean(name = "entityManagerFactorySecondary")
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactorySecondary (EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
return builder
.dataSource(secondaryDataSource)
.properties(getVendorProperties(secondaryDataSource))
.packages("com.didispace.domain.s") //设置实体类所在位置
.persistenceUnit("secondaryPersistenceUnit")
.build();
} @Autowired
private JpaProperties jpaProperties; private Map<String, String> getVendorProperties(DataSource dataSource) {
return jpaProperties.getHibernateProperties(dataSource);
} @Bean(name = "transactionManagerSecondary")
PlatformTransactionManager transactionManagerSecondary(EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
return new JpaTransactionManager(entityManagerFactorySecondary(builder).getObject());
} }
完成了以上配置之后,主数据源的实体和数据访问对象位于:com.didispace.domain.p
,次数据源的实体和数据访问接口位于:com.didispace.domain.s
。