final:最终的,可以用来修饰类、属性、方法。
1、final修饰类:这个类不能被继承。如:String类、StringBuffer类、System类
2、final修饰方法:这个方法不能被重写。如Object类的getClass()
3、final修饰属性:此属性就一常量,一旦初始化就不能再赋值。习惯上用大写字母表示。如Math.PI
此常量的赋值:①该常量不能用默认初始化。②可以显示的赋值。代码块、构造器。
用static修饰的final变量:全局常量
下面是一个比较final与static final的区别的例子
class SelfCounter {
private static int counter;
private int id = counter++;
public String toString() {
return "SelfCounter :" + id;
}
}
class WithFinalFields {
static final SelfCounter wffs = new SelfCounter();
final SelfCounter wff = new SelfCounter();
public String toString() {
return "wff = " + wff + "\n wffs = " + wffs;
}
}
public class StaticFinal {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("First Object :");
System.out.println(new WithFinalFields());
System.out.println("Second Object: ");
System.out.println(new WithFinalFields());
}
}