Java把这些不同来源和目标的数据都统一抽象为数据流;Java语言的输入输出功能是十分强大而灵活的;在Java类库中,IO部分的内容是很庞大的,因为它涉及的领域很广泛:标准输入输出,文件的操作,网络上的数据流,字符串流,对象流,zip文件流。
这里介绍几种读写文件的方式:
一、InputStream、OutputStream(字节流)
//读取文件(字节流)
InputStream in = new FileInputStream("d:\\1.txt");
//写入相应的文件
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("d:\\2.txt");
//读取数据
//一次性取多少字节
byte[] bytes = new byte[2048];
//接受读取的内容(n就代表的相关数据,只不过是数字的形式)
int n = -1;
//循环取出数据
while ((n = in.read(bytes,0,bytes.length)) != -1) {
//转换成字符串
String str = new String(bytes,0,n,"GBK"); #这里可以实现字节到字符串的转换,比较实用
System.out.println(str);
//写入相关文件
out.write(bytes, 0, n);
}
//关闭流
in.close();
out.close();
二、BufferedInputStream、BufferedOutputStream(缓存字节流)使用方式和字节流差不多,但是效率更高(推荐使用)
//读取文件(缓存字节流)
BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("d:\\1.txt"));
//写入相应的文件
BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("d:\\2.txt"));
//读取数据
//一次性取多少字节
byte[] bytes = new byte[2048];
//接受读取的内容(n就代表的相关数据,只不过是数字的形式)
int n = -1;
//循环取出数据
while ((n = in.read(bytes,0,bytes.length)) != -1) {
//转换成字符串
String str = new String(bytes,0,n,"GBK");
System.out.println(str);
//写入相关文件
out.write(bytes, 0, n);
}
//清楚缓存
out.flush();
//关闭流
in.close();
out.close();
三、InputStreamReader、OutputStreamWriter(字节流,这种方式不建议使用,不能直接字节长度读写)。使用范围用做字符转换
//读取文件(字节流)
InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("d:\\1.txt"),"GBK");
//写入相应的文件
OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("d:\\2.txt"));
//读取数据
//循环取出数据
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = -1;
while ((len = in.read()) != -1) {
System.out.println(len);
//写入相关文件
out.write(len);
}
//清楚缓存
out.flush();
//关闭流
in.close();
out.close();
四、FileReader、FileWriter(提供少量的文本读取和写入文本)
try{
//使用FileWriter类写文本文件
FileWriter writer=new FileWriter(fileName);
writer.write("Hello Kuka:\n");
writer.write(" My name is coolszy!\n");
writer.write(" I like you and miss you。");
writer.close();
} catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} try{
//使用FileWriter类往文本文件中追加信息
FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(fileName, true);
SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat();
String time = format.format(new Date());
writer.write("\n\t" + time);
writer.close();
} catch(IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
} int c=0;
try{
//使用FileReader类读文本文件
FileReader reader=new FileReader(fileName);
c=reader.read();
while(c!=-1) {
System.out.print((char)c);
c=reader.read();
}
reader.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
五、BufferedReader、BufferedWriter(缓存流,提供readLine方法读取一行文本)
//读取文件(字符流)
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("d:\\1.txt"),"GBK"));#这里主要是涉及中文
//BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("d:\\1.txt")));
//写入相应的文件
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("d:\\2.txt"),"GBK"));
//BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("d:\\2.txt"));
//读取数据
//循环取出数据
String str = null;
while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(str);
//写入相关文件
out.write(str);
out.newLine(); //注意\n不一定在各种计算机上都能产生换行的效果
} //清楚缓存 out.flush(); //关闭流 in.close(); out.close();
六、Reader、PrintWriter(PrintWriter这个很好用,在写数据的同事可以格式化)
//读取文件(字节流)
Reader in = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("d:\\1.txt"),"GBK");
//写入相应的文件
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("d:\\2.txt"));
//读取数据
//循环取出数据
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = -1;
while ((len = in.read()) != -1) {
System.out.println(len);
//写入相关文件
out.write(len);
}
//清楚缓存
out.flush();
//关闭流
in.close();
out.close();