U11
tackle : to handle ,to deal with
boon: something useful; a favor
revamp: to upgrade; to give a new structure to something old
obsolete : no longer used; completely out of date
We are aware that the principles that have governed both business and society for the past 200 years are becoming obsolete.
complacent: self-satisfied
revitalize（v.新生）: a revitalized Chinese college
spur（v.刺激）: In the past decade, the banned book has spurred considerable public curiosity。
nudge（n.轻推为引起注意）
soar （v.高飞，滑翔。n.高飞范围
observatory n.天文台，气象台
unprecedented adj.空前的
overhaul v.检查
refit v. n. 整修，改装
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U10
propel: to push, drive onward, forward or ahead
facilitate: to make easy or easier
apathy: lack of emotion
incongruity: lack of harmony or agreement
dilute : to change or weaken by mixing with something else
congruity: The congruity achieved between political, cultural and economic forces was short-lived
capitalize on: 利用
be apt to: This type of weather is apt to be more common in summer.
be inclined to: Some people are inclined to jump to hasty conclusions
foster : to foster motivation to learn
intrinsically（本质地，固有地） extrinsically（非本质地，非固有地）
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U9
peril: great danger, or something that is dangerous
leap: an abrupt or precipitous passage, shift , or transition
reserved: kept back or set aside
hassle: an argument or fight
shop around: to compare prices of values in different shops before buying
drain: War drains a nation of youth and its wealth
memo
turn down: He thinks of turning down the chance because the job is too demanding.
sign on: Julie has signed on as a singer in Time Warner.
bargain
step in: The government has stepped in to stop the pound from falling any lower.
brace: She told me she had some bad news for me and I braced myself for a shock.
better off（经济状况好的）: It is better off for college students applying for credit cards.
shell out （交付, 支付）
boost （v.推进）
reputable (adj.著名的)
qualify for （使合格, 有...的资格）
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U8
envisage: to form an image in the mind
He envisages the possibility of establishing direct diplomatic relation in the future.
intrigue: set by secret or underhanded plotting
The bill was intrigued through the Senate.
distort: to misrepresent; misstate
The media distorts reality, categorizes people as all good or all bad.
empirical: based on practical experience rather than on scientific principles
conspiracy: the plan agreed on; plot
be confined to: These dangers are not confined to smokers, but to non-smokers as well
postpone（vt. 推迟, 使延期, 延迟）
strain put strains on
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U7
marital of or concerning marriage
quotient a number which is the result when one number is divided by another
preeminent above all others in having some good quality, ability or main ability
spotlight a lamp with a directable narrow beam, used esp. in theatres
encounter be faced with
fare (进步): I fare pretty well on the examination
cram…into..(填满)
expertise(专家的意见，专门技术): Her expertise saved the business from failing.
spout(喷出，滔滔不绝地讲): She’s always spouting Shakespeare(莎士比亚).
outgoing(对人有好的，喜欢外出的)
assertive(过分自信的，断定的): You couldn’t fail to notice that assertive young man.
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U6
sanction to officially approve
This is a foolish custom, but it has been sanctioned by long usage.
margin an amount by which one thing is greater than another.(差数，利润，页边的空白)
stringent very severe (严厉的、迫切的)
justify(证明……是正当的)：We believe that the pursuit of good ends does not justify the employment of bad means.
come to light（暴露）: Some new information has come to light about the air accident.
come to pass（发生，实现）：How can such a terrible state of affairs have come to pass.
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U5
stake metal post pushed into the ground for marking a boundary
condense to make more dense or compact （浓缩，精简）
trumpet to proclaim loudly（大声宣布；鼓吹）
The government has been trumpeting tourism as a growth industry.
captivate to capture the attention or affection of （迷住，迷惑）
token by way of a symbol
celebrity（名声、名人）
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U4
renowned well-known to the general public
onset a beginning; a start
sterile free from all harmful bacteria （消过毒的，贫瘠的，不育的）
therapeutic of or for the treating or curing of disease
antibiotic a medicine or chemical that can destroy harmful bacteria（抗生素）
phenomenal（显著的）：Her rise to fame was quite phenomenal. In less than two years she was a household name.
serendipitous（偶然发现的）Reading should be an adventure, a personal experience full of serendipitous surprise.
inhibiting（约束的，抑制作用的）：Fear of failure is an inhibiting factor for many people.
amenity （礼仪）amenities （令人愉快之事物）Stadiums and gymnasia are just some of the college’s amenities.
orderliness（规律）
startling （令人吃惊的）
springboard （跳板，出发点）
concerted（协定的）
plague（折磨，使苦恼）
fluke（侥幸）
contaminate（污染）
U3
deprivation a lack or loss （剥夺）
withdrawal the painful effects which are the result of breaking a habit（撤退，退回）
instant urgent, immediate
detriment condition of suffering harm or damage（损害，损害物）
symptoms （征兆，症状）
compulsive （强制的，禁不住地）Compulsive behavior is often associated with stress-induced mental disorder.
drastic （激烈的）
complication（并发症）
gambler （赌徒）
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U2
cognate related in origin or qualities（同词源的，同类的）
intricacy the condition or quality of being complicated （复杂）
supplant to displace and substitute for another （排挤掉，代替）
indigenous originating and growing or living in an area or environment（本土的）
affluent having plenty of money or other possessions (丰富的，富裕的)
afield（adv.离开家乡，在田野）Without guidance they went too far afield
amount to…（相当于）Silence amounts to a refusal if you don’t want to speak
speculate about（推测）We can only speculate about what will happen next
deem… to （认为）If you deem this plan to be sensible, please carry it out
ascendance（优势）He slowly gained ascendance over/in the group after he got his M.A.
consult （商量）He was annoyed because he wasn’t consulted about sending mother to a nursing home.
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U1
sentiment tender feeling, love
There is no place for sentiment in business affairs.
profile the state of being noticed by others (外形，轮廓，简介)
come through to emerge （显现，浮现，形成）
nitty-gritty（事实真相, 本质）The city’s newspapers still attempt to get down to (开始认真考虑) the nitty-gritty of investigative journalism.
custody（监护权）The parent who does not have custody of the child is usually allowed to see the child regularly.
affectionate（亲爱的，挚爱的）Paul is rarely affectionate towards his friends.
discrepancy: How do you explain these discrepancy in the accounts?
gender（性别）
ambivalence（正反感情并存）：Americans culture feels deep ambivalence about emotional connections to fathers