转载请加链接 http://blog.csdn.net/lcli2009/article/details/19990065,谢谢
List 接口的链接列表(双向链表)实现。
LinkedList内部数据组织如下类似,即first结点的后向指针指向第一个数据结点,first结点的前向指针为null,last结点的前向指针指向最后一个数据结点,last结点的后向指针为null,数据结点的前向指针和后向指针指向相关的数据结点。LinkedList内部通过Node来抽象一个节点,结点包括值和前向指针和后向指针。
private static class Node<E> {
E item;//结点的值
Node<E> next;//结点的后向指针
Node<E> prev;//结点的前向指针
//初始化结点时,已经指定了结点的前向指针和后向指针
Node(Node<E> prev, E element, Node<E> next) {
this.item = element;//结点的值赋值为element
this.next = next;//后向指针赋值
this.prev = prev;//前向指针赋值
}
}
//LinedList继承了AbstractSequentialList,实现了List,Deque,Cloneable,Serializable接口,即可复制,可序列化的。public class LinkedList<E> extends AbstractSequentialList<E> implements List<E>, Deque<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{ transient int size = 0;//链表目前的元素个数 transient Node<E> first;//链表头结点,头结点的 transient Node<E> last;//链表尾结点 //生成一个空的链表 public LinkedList() { } //按c里面的元素生成一个LinkedList public LinkedList(Collection<? extends E> c) { this();//调用空的构造函数 addAll(c);//将c里面的元素添加到空链表尾部 } //首部增加结点,结点的值为e private void linkFirst(E e) { final Node<E> f = first;//f指向头结点 final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(null, e, f);//生成一个新结点,结点的值为e,其前向指针为null,后向指针为f first = newNode;//first指向新生成的结点,f保存着老的头结点信息 if (f == null) last = newNode;//如果f为null,则表示整个链表目前是空的,则尾结点也指向新结点 else f.prev = newNode;//f(老的头结点)的前向指针指向最新的结点信息 size++;//元素个数+1. modCount++;//修改次数+1 } //尾部增加结点,结点的值为e void linkLast(E e) { final Node<E> l = last;//l指向尾结点 final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(l, e, null);//生成一个新结点,结点的值为e,其前向指针为l,后向指针为null last = newNode;//last指向新生成的结点,l保存着老的尾结点信息 if (l == null) first = newNode;//如果l为null,则表示整个链表目前是空的,则头结点也指向新结点 else l.next = newNode;//l(老的尾结点)的后向指针指向最新的结点信息 size++;//元素个数+1 modCount++;//修改次数+1 } //非空结点succ之前插入新结点,新结点的值为e void linkBefore(E e, Node<E> succ) { // assert succ != null;//外界调用需保证succ不为null,否则程序会抛出空指针异常 final Node<E> pred = succ.prev;//pred指向succ的前向结点 final Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, succ);//生成一个新结点,结点的值为e,其前向指针指向pred,后向指针指向succ succ.prev = newNode;//succ的前向指针指向newNode if (pred == null) first = newNode;//如果pred为null,则表示succ为头结点,此时头结点指向最新生成的结点newNode else pred.next = newNode;//pred的后向指针指向新生成的结点,此时已经完成了结点的插入操作 size++;//元素个数+1 modCount++;//修改次数+1 } //删除头结点,并返回该结点的值 private E unlinkFirst(Node<E> f) { // assert f == first && f != null;//需确保f为头结点,且链表不为Null final E element = f.item;//获得结点的值 final Node<E> next = f.next;//next指向f的后向结点 f.item = null;//释放数据结点 f.next = null;//释放f的后向指针 first = next;//first指向f的后向结点 if (next == null) last = null;//如果next为null,则表示f为last结点,此时链表即为空链表 else next.prev = null;//修改next的前向指针,因为first结点的前向指针为null size--;//元素个数-1 modCount++;//修改次数+1 return element; } //删除尾结点,并返回尾结点的内容 private E unlinkLast(Node<E> l) { // assert l == last && l != null;//需确保l为尾结点,且链表不为null final E element = l.item;//获得结点的值 final Node<E> prev = l.prev;//prev执行l的前向结点 l.item = null;//释放l结点的值 l.prev = null; //释放l结点的前向指针 last = prev;//last结点指向l的前向结点 if (prev == null) first = null;//如果prev为null,则表示l为first结点,此时链表即为空链表 else prev.next = null;//修改prev的后向指针,因为last结点的后向指针为null size--;//元素个数-1 modCount++;//修改次数+1 return element; } //删除结点x E unlink(Node<E> x) { // assert x != null;//需确保x不为null,否则后续操作会抛出空指针异常 final E element = x.item;//保存x结点的值 final Node<E> next = x.next;//next指向x的后向结点 final Node<E> prev = x.prev;//prev指向x的前向结点 if (prev == null) { first = next;//如果prev为空,则x结点为first结点,此时first结点指向next结点(x的后向结点) } else { prev.next = next;//x的前向结点的后向指针指向x的后向结点 x.prev = null;//释放x的前向指针 } if (next == null) { last = prev;//如果next结点为空,则x结点为尾部结点,此时last结点指向prev结点(x的前向结点) } else { next.prev = prev;//x的后向结点的前向指针指向x的前向结点 x.next = null;//释放x的后向指针 } x.item = null;//释放x的值节点,此时x节点可以完全被GC回收 size--;//元素个数-1 modCount++;//修改次数+1 return element; } //获得头结点的值 public E getFirst() { final Node<E> f = first;//f指向first结点 if (f == null)//此时链表为空 throw new NoSuchElementException(); return f.item;//返回first结点的值 } //获得尾结点的值 public E getLast() { final Node<E> l = last;//l指向last结点 if (l == null)//此时链表为空 throw new NoSuchElementException(); return l.item;//返回last结点的值 } //移除头结点 public E removeFirst() { final Node<E> f = first;//获得头结点 if (f == null)//此时链表为空 throw new NoSuchElementException(); return unlinkFirst(f);//摘除头结点 } //移除尾结点 public E removeLast() { final Node<E> l = last;//获得尾结点 if (l == null)//此时链表为空 throw new NoSuchElementException(); return unlinkLast(l);//摘除尾结点 } //添加到头结点,结点的值为e public void addFirst(E e) { linkFirst(e);//添加到头部 } //添加到尾结点,结点值为e public void addLast(E e) { linkLast(e);//添加到尾部 } //判断元素(值为o)是o否在链表中 public boolean contains(Object o) { return indexOf(o) != -1;//定位元素 } //返回元素个数 public int size() { return size; } //添加元素,元素值为e public boolean add(E e) { linkLast(e);//添加到链表尾部 return true;//即每次添加都是成功的,如果有错误,linkLast会抛出异常 } //移除值为o的元素,o可以为null,找到一个删除即返回 public boolean remove(Object o) { if (o == null) {//元素为null for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) {//从头结点开始遍历 if (x.item == null) {//找到一个结点 unlink(x);//删除元素 return true; } } } else {//元素不为空 for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { if (o.equals(x.item)) { unlink(x); return true; } } } return false; } //将c中的元素都添加到当前链表中 public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) { return addAll(size, c);//添加到链表尾部 } //第序号为index处,添加c中所有的元素到当前链表中(后向添加的) public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) { checkPositionIndex(index);//判断index是否超出界 Object[] a = c.toArray();//将集合转换为数组 int numNew = a.length; if (numNew == 0) return false; Node<E> pred, succ; if (index == size) {//如果index为元素个数,即第index个结点为尾结点 succ = null; pred = last;//指向为结点 } else { succ = node(index);//succ指向第index个结点 pred = succ.prev;//pred指向succ的前向结点 } //for循环结束后,a里面的元素都添加到当前链表里面了,后向添加 for (Object o : a) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E e = (E) o; Node<E> newNode = new Node<>(pred, e, null);//新生成一个结点,结点的前向指针指向pred,后向指针为null if (pred == null) first = newNode;//如果pred为null,则succ为当前头结点, else pred.next = newNode;//pred的后向指针指向新结点 pred = newNode;//pred移动到新结点 } if (succ == null) { last = pred;//succ为null,这表示index为尾结点之后 } else { pred.next = succ;//pred表示所有元素添加之后的最后结点,此时pred的后向指针指向之前的记录的结点 succ.prev = pred;//之前记录的结点指向添加元素之后的最后结点 } size += numNew;//元素个数+num modCount++;//修改次数+1 return true; } //清除链表里面的所有元素 public void clear() { for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; ) { Node<E> next = x.next; x.item = null;//释放值结点,便于GC回收 x.next = null;//释放前向指针 x.prev = null;//释放后向指针 x = next;//后向遍历 } first = last = null;//释放头尾结点 size = 0; modCount++; } //获得第index个结点的值 public E get(int index) { checkElementIndex(index); return node(index).item;//点位第index结点,返回值信息 } //设置第index元素的值 public E set(int index, E element) { checkElementIndex(index); Node<E> x = node(index);//定位第index个结点 E oldVal = x.item; x.item = element; return oldVal; } //第index个结点之前添加结点 public void add(int index, E element) { checkPositionIndex(index); if (index == size) linkLast(element); else linkBefore(element, node(index)); } //删除第index个结点 public E remove(int index) { checkElementIndex(index); return unlink(node(index)); } //判断index是否是链表中的元素的下标 private boolean isElementIndex(int index) { return index >= 0 && index < size; } //判断index是否是链表中的元素的下标 private boolean isPositionIndex(int index) { return index >= 0 && index <= size; } private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) { return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size; } private void checkElementIndex(int index) { if (!isElementIndex(index)) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } private void checkPositionIndex(int index) { if (!isPositionIndex(index)) throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index)); } //定位链表中的第index个结点 Node<E> node(int index) { // assert isElementIndex(index);//确保是合法的下标,即0<=index<=size //index小于size的一半时,从头向后找 if (index < (size >> 1)) { Node<E> x = first; for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) x = x.next; return x; } else {//index大于size的一半时,从尾向前找 Node<E> x = last; for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) x = x.prev; return x; } } //定位元素,首次出现的元素的值为o的结点序号 public int indexOf(Object o) { int index = 0; if (o == null) { for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { if (x.item == null) return index; index++; } } else { for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) { if (o.equals(x.item)) return index; index++; } } return -1; } //定位元素,最后一次出现的元素值为o的元素序号 public int lastIndexOf(Object o) { int index = size; if (o == null) { for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { index--; if (x.item == null) return index; } } else { for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { index--; if (o.equals(x.item)) return index; } } return -1; } //实现队列操作,返回第一个元素的值 public E peek() { final Node<E> f = first; return (f == null) ? null : f.item; } //实现队列操作,返回第一个结点 public E element() { return getFirst(); } //实现队列操作,弹出第一个结点 public E poll() { final Node<E> f = first; return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f); } //删除结点 public E remove() { return removeFirst(); } //添加结点 public boolean offer(E e) { return add(e); } //添加头结点 public boolean offerFirst(E e) { addFirst(e); return true; } //添加尾结点 public boolean offerLast(E e) { addLast(e); return true; } //返回头结点的值 public E peekFirst() { final Node<E> f = first; return (f == null) ? null : f.item; } //返回尾结点的值 public E peekLast() { final Node<E> l = last; return (l == null) ? null : l.item; } //弹出第一个结点 public E pollFirst() { final Node<E> f = first; return (f == null) ? null : unlinkFirst(f); } //弹出最后一个结点 public E pollLast() { final Node<E> l = last; return (l == null) ? null : unlinkLast(l); } //添加头部结点 public void push(E e) { addFirst(e); } //弹出第一个结点 public E pop() { return removeFirst(); } //删除值为o的结点 public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o) { return remove(o); } //删除值为o的结点 public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o) { if (o == null) { for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { if (x.item == null) { unlink(x); return true; } } } else { for (Node<E> x = last; x != null; x = x.prev) { if (o.equals(x.item)) { unlink(x); return true; } } } return false; } //返回双向迭代器 public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int index) { checkPositionIndex(index); return new ListItr(index); } //私有内部类,实现双向迭代器 private class ListItr implements ListIterator<E> { private Node<E> lastReturned = null;//记录当前结点信息 private Node<E> next;//当前结点的后向结点 private int nextIndex;//当前结点的序号 private int expectedModCount = modCount;//修改次数 //初始化 ListItr(int index) { next = (index == size) ? null : node(index);//调用父类的返回,获得第index结点 nextIndex = index; } //是否有结点 public boolean hasNext() { return nextIndex < size; } //返回下一个结点 public E next() { checkForComodification(); if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException(); lastReturned = next;//记录当前结点 next = next.next;//向后移动 nextIndex++;//结点序号+1 return lastReturned.item; } //是否有前向结点 public boolean hasPrevious() { return nextIndex > 0; } //返回前向结点 public E previous() { checkForComodification(); if (!hasPrevious()) throw new NoSuchElementException(); lastReturned = next = (next == null) ? last : next.prev; nextIndex--; return lastReturned.item; } //返回当前结点序号 public int nextIndex() { return nextIndex; } //返回当前结点的前一个序号 public int previousIndex() { return nextIndex - 1; } //删除结点 public void remove() { checkForComodification(); if (lastReturned == null) throw new IllegalStateException(); Node<E> lastNext = lastReturned.next; unlink(lastReturned); if (next == lastReturned) next = lastNext; else nextIndex--; lastReturned = null; expectedModCount++; } //设置当前结点的值 public void set(E e) { if (lastReturned == null) throw new IllegalStateException(); checkForComodification(); lastReturned.item = e; } //当前结点前面插入新结点信息 public void add(E e) { checkForComodification(); lastReturned = null; if (next == null) linkLast(e); else linkBefore(e, next); nextIndex++; expectedModCount++; } //判断迭代期间是否被修改 final void checkForComodification() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); } } //返回前向迭代器 public Iterator<E> descendingIterator() { return new DescendingIterator(); } //前向迭代器 private class DescendingIterator implements Iterator<E> { private final ListItr itr = new ListItr(size()); public boolean hasNext() {//判断是否有前向结点 return itr.hasPrevious(); } public E next() {//前向迭代 return itr.previous(); } public void remove() {//删除结点 itr.remove(); } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private LinkedList<E> superClone() { try { return (LinkedList<E>) super.clone(); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { throw new InternalError(); } } //拷贝操作,执行浅拷贝,因为clone只复制一层,不会循环复制x.item,两个list里面的item指向同一个元素 public Object clone() { LinkedList<E> clone = superClone(); // Put clone into "virgin" state clone.first = clone.last = null; clone.size = 0; clone.modCount = 0; // Initialize clone with our elements for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) clone.add(x.item); return clone; } //转换为数组 public Object[] toArray() { Object[] result = new Object[size]; int i = 0; for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) result[i++] = x.item; return result; } //转换为数组 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) { if (a.length < size) a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance( a.getClass().getComponentType(), size); int i = 0; Object[] result = a; for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) result[i++] = x.item; if (a.length > size) a[size] = null; return a; } private static final long serialVersionUID = 876323262645176354L; //序列化 private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) throws java.io.IOException { // Write out any hidden serialization magic s.defaultWriteObject(); // Write out size s.writeInt(size); // Write out all elements in the proper order. for (Node<E> x = first; x != null; x = x.next) s.writeObject(x.item); } //反序列化 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s) throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException { // Read in any hidden serialization magic s.defaultReadObject(); // Read in size int size = s.readInt(); // Read in all elements in the proper order. for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) linkLast((E)s.readObject()); }}