Why do applets have such a low adoption level, compared for example against Flash? Is it because they are technological disadvantages, or is it just an issue of popularity?
为什么applet具有如此低的采用率，例如与Flash相比？是因为它们是技术上的缺点，还是仅仅是受欢迎的问题？
10 个解决方案
#1
28
One point everyone seems to be forgetting: Originally Flash had a very designer oriented work-flow, so many graphical designers jumped on board and made cool looking stuff, which Internet-users found fun, so they would download Flash, and the community grew.
每个人似乎都忘记了一点：最初Flash有一个非常以设计师为导向的工作流程，因此许多图形设计师跳上了网页并制作了很酷的东西，互联网用户觉得很有趣，因此他们会下载Flash，社区也在增长。
Java Applets on the other hand were targeted at programmers and enterprises, and that was fine, but boring to the average user. And on-top of that the script kiddies of the time (myself included) made Applets that leaked resources and/or froze the browser, and even other more skilled kiddies used the powers of Applets to create traps, and harmful websites, so most Internet users wouldn't enable Applets.
另一方面，Java Applets面向程序员和企业，这很好，但对普通用户来说却很无聊。最重要的是，当时的脚本小子（包括我自己）制作了泄露资源和/或冻结浏览器的Applet，甚至其他更熟练的小孩也使用了Applet的强大功能来创建陷阱和有害网站，所以大多数互联网用户不会启用Applet。
So in the end it was probably the target developers (graphical designers vs. programmers) of each platform that caused the issues.
所以最终可能是导致问题的每个平台的目标开发人员（图形设计师与程序员）。
#2
20
Java vs Flash then and now:
Java和Flash当时和现在：
Then:
然后：
- Flash had a single-click installer that took 2 minutes to download and run. Java had an installer that took 10 minutes to download and run.
- Flash有一个单击安装程序，下载和运行需要2分钟。 Java有一个安装程序，下载和运行需要10分钟。
- Flash applications loaded in less than a second. Java applets took 10 seconds.
- Flash应用程序在不到一秒的时间内加载。 Java小程序耗时10秒。
- Flash applications tended to be self-contained and would "just work". Java applets tend to refer to external resources. Broken links were frequent and the applet engine was plagued by stability problems that could sometimes take down the entire browser.
- Flash应用程序往往是独立的，并且“只是工作”。 Java小程序倾向于引用外部资源。破碎的链接频繁出现，applet引擎受到稳定性问题的困扰，这些问题有时会导致整个浏览器崩溃。
- Flash adoption was at all-time high because it shipped with Windows. Java did not.
- Flash的采用率一直处于历史最高水平，因为它随Windows一起提供。 Java没有。
Now:
现在：
- Sun rolled out a single-click installer called Java Kernel that takes 2 minutes to download and run.
- Sun推出了一款名为Java Kernel的单击安装程序，下载并运行需要2分钟。
- Java6 update 12 loads applets in under a second.
- Java6更新12在一秒钟内加载applet。
- Java applets now run in a separate process than the browser and the engine has been rewritten from the ground up. Stability issues are a thing of the past. Unfortunately, the web is still full of old applets containing broken links.
- Java applet现在在与浏览器不同的进程中运行，并且引擎已经从头开始重写。稳定性问题已成为过去。不幸的是，网络仍然充满了包含断开链接的旧applet。
- Java ships standard with most new computers. Java adoption rates vary from 70% - 90% depending on who you talk to. Feel free to measure your own website.
- Java是大多数新计算机的标准配置。 Java采用率从70％到90％不等，具体取决于您与谁交谈。随意测量自己的网站。
The one big difference that remains is that Flash has better artist-oriented tools than Java does. That being said, there is a huge range of software that you can write easier and more efficiently in Java than in Flash. Java is a far more mature and scalable platform. You will see many people using Flash for ad banners, but far more people using Java for full-fledged applications or games. For example, compare 3D rendering support in Java versus Flash.
剩下的一大差异是Flash拥有比Java更好的面向艺术家的工具。话虽这么说，你可以在Java中使用大量软件，而不是在Flash中编写更多，更高效的软件。 Java是一个更加成熟和可扩展的平台。你会看到很多人使用Flash来制作广告横幅，但是有更多的人使用Java来制作完整的应用程序或游戏。例如，比较Java与Flash中的3D渲染支持。
#3
7
Back in the 1990s when Sun introduced applets to the world, the JVM was slow, and applets were slower. Think "wait fifteen minutes for it to finish loading" slow.
早在20世纪90年代，当Sun向全世界推出applet时，JVM速度很慢，applet也慢了。想想“等待十五分钟让它完成装载”慢。
Slow technologies are dead technologies. Speed wasn't the only advantage that Flash and its ilk had over Java applets, but it was a major contributor to their decline.
缓慢的技术是死技术。速度并不是Flash及其同类产品对Java applet的唯一优势，但它是它们下降的主要因素。
#4
6
I'll assume you're talking about Java applets.
我假设你在谈论Java applets。
I think one of the biggest advantages Flash had with adoption was one single development environment with attractive and easy to use tools. This was complimented by an abundance of training material. It is also basically single purpose, whereas Java has an enormous variety of uses and target audiences.
我认为Flash采用的最大优势之一是具有吸引人且易于使用的工具的单一开发环境。大量的培训材料对此表示赞赏。它基本上也是单一目的，而Java有很多种用途和目标受众。
#5
5
Up until quite recently, Java applets were fairly heavy. Any Java Applet requires the JVM to start up and load the applet, which can take some time on a modern machine and was even slower on the machines that were around when Java was introduced. Additionally, Java Applets are a bit more of a complex beast compared to Flash and there are a number of issues that arise as a result (ever need to sign your applets? it can potentially be a huge pain for the developer). Also, Flash quickly developed an ecosystem of products that did what people wanted (fun graphics!) quickly and easily, whereas in Java, anything other than buttons and checkboxes (stuff already provided at the base browser level) required some more work and did not have nearly the support that flash did.
直到最近，Java applet相当繁重。任何Java Applet都需要JVM启动并加载applet，这在现代机器上可能需要一些时间，而在Java引入时的机器上甚至更慢。此外，与Flash相比，Java Applet有点复杂，并且因此会出现许多问题（需要签署您的applet？这对开发人员来说可能是一个巨大的痛苦）。此外，Flash快速开发了一个产品生态系统，可以快速，轻松地完成人们想要的产品（有趣的图形！），而在Java中，除了按钮和复选框之外的任何东西（已经在基础浏览器级别提供的东西）需要更多的工作，而不是几乎得到了闪存的支持。
#6
4
Java was greatly disadvantaged simply because it was complicated to download and install for common users.
Java非常不利，因为下载和安装普通用户很复杂。
Potential users would be offered multiple versions of the Java package, including SDK's and so on. That would scare off most users who just wanted to quickly view a simple applet.
潜在用户将获得Java包的多个版本，包括SDK等。这会吓跑大多数想要快速查看简单applet的用户。
Java has fixed this and now java.com has a one-click plugin download. Flash had this from the start, and I wouldn't be surprised it contributed for part of it's success.
Java已修复此问题，现在java.com有一键下载插件。 Flash从一开始就有这个，我不会感到惊讶它为它的部分成功做出了贡献。
#7
4
The Java environment is heavy and unwieldy.
It takes several seconds for it to fire up and start running and it's usually a burden on CPU and memory. Flash on the other hand is considerably more lightweight.
Another factor is that Java applets are usually less visually attractive than flash.
Java环境繁重而且笨重。它需要几秒钟才能启动并开始运行，这通常是CPU和内存的负担。另一方面，Flash更轻巧。另一个因素是Java applet通常在视觉上不如flash。
#8
3
Installing and managing the multiple Java runtime versions required on your PC was a bother that most users didn't want to go trough, either. If it doesn't work out of the box, forget it!
安装和管理PC上所需的多个Java运行时版本是一个麻烦，大多数用户也不想低谷。如果它没有开箱即用，请忘记它！
#9
1
Generally they are heavy, slow. Lot of them are plain ugly (early Swing looking like Xaw or Motif). The difference is, that the Sun is company which deals with heavy iron and corporate business, while Macromedia and Adobe are companies which always have dealt with graphics designers. So the Flash had the "wow factor", applets did not.
一般来说它们很重，很慢。很多都很丑陋（早期的Swing看起来像Xaw或Motif）。不同的是，Sun是处理重铁和公司业务的公司，而Macromedia和Adobe是一直与图形设计师打交道的公司。所以Flash有“令人惊叹的因素”，小程序没有。
#10
0
As mentioned, applets are somewhat heavy and old-fashioned. Sun is now trying to push JavaFX, which could well be the "next Flash".
如上所述，applet有点沉重和老式。 Sun现在正试图推动JavaFX，这可能是“下一个Flash”。
#1
28
One point everyone seems to be forgetting: Originally Flash had a very designer oriented work-flow, so many graphical designers jumped on board and made cool looking stuff, which Internet-users found fun, so they would download Flash, and the community grew.
每个人似乎都忘记了一点：最初Flash有一个非常以设计师为导向的工作流程，因此许多图形设计师跳上了网页并制作了很酷的东西，互联网用户觉得很有趣，因此他们会下载Flash，社区也在增长。
Java Applets on the other hand were targeted at programmers and enterprises, and that was fine, but boring to the average user. And on-top of that the script kiddies of the time (myself included) made Applets that leaked resources and/or froze the browser, and even other more skilled kiddies used the powers of Applets to create traps, and harmful websites, so most Internet users wouldn't enable Applets.
另一方面，Java Applets面向程序员和企业，这很好，但对普通用户来说却很无聊。最重要的是，当时的脚本小子（包括我自己）制作了泄露资源和/或冻结浏览器的Applet，甚至其他更熟练的小孩也使用了Applet的强大功能来创建陷阱和有害网站，所以大多数互联网用户不会启用Applet。
So in the end it was probably the target developers (graphical designers vs. programmers) of each platform that caused the issues.
所以最终可能是导致问题的每个平台的目标开发人员（图形设计师与程序员）。
#2
20
Java vs Flash then and now:
Java和Flash当时和现在：
Then:
然后：
- Flash had a single-click installer that took 2 minutes to download and run. Java had an installer that took 10 minutes to download and run.
- Flash有一个单击安装程序，下载和运行需要2分钟。 Java有一个安装程序，下载和运行需要10分钟。
- Flash applications loaded in less than a second. Java applets took 10 seconds.
- Flash应用程序在不到一秒的时间内加载。 Java小程序耗时10秒。
- Flash applications tended to be self-contained and would "just work". Java applets tend to refer to external resources. Broken links were frequent and the applet engine was plagued by stability problems that could sometimes take down the entire browser.
- Flash应用程序往往是独立的，并且“只是工作”。 Java小程序倾向于引用外部资源。破碎的链接频繁出现，applet引擎受到稳定性问题的困扰，这些问题有时会导致整个浏览器崩溃。
- Flash adoption was at all-time high because it shipped with Windows. Java did not.
- Flash的采用率一直处于历史最高水平，因为它随Windows一起提供。 Java没有。
Now:
现在：
- Sun rolled out a single-click installer called Java Kernel that takes 2 minutes to download and run.
- Sun推出了一款名为Java Kernel的单击安装程序，下载并运行需要2分钟。
- Java6 update 12 loads applets in under a second.
- Java6更新12在一秒钟内加载applet。
- Java applets now run in a separate process than the browser and the engine has been rewritten from the ground up. Stability issues are a thing of the past. Unfortunately, the web is still full of old applets containing broken links.
- Java applet现在在与浏览器不同的进程中运行，并且引擎已经从头开始重写。稳定性问题已成为过去。不幸的是，网络仍然充满了包含断开链接的旧applet。
- Java ships standard with most new computers. Java adoption rates vary from 70% - 90% depending on who you talk to. Feel free to measure your own website.
- Java是大多数新计算机的标准配置。 Java采用率从70％到90％不等，具体取决于您与谁交谈。随意测量自己的网站。
The one big difference that remains is that Flash has better artist-oriented tools than Java does. That being said, there is a huge range of software that you can write easier and more efficiently in Java than in Flash. Java is a far more mature and scalable platform. You will see many people using Flash for ad banners, but far more people using Java for full-fledged applications or games. For example, compare 3D rendering support in Java versus Flash.
剩下的一大差异是Flash拥有比Java更好的面向艺术家的工具。话虽这么说，你可以在Java中使用大量软件，而不是在Flash中编写更多，更高效的软件。 Java是一个更加成熟和可扩展的平台。你会看到很多人使用Flash来制作广告横幅，但是有更多的人使用Java来制作完整的应用程序或游戏。例如，比较Java与Flash中的3D渲染支持。
#3
7
Back in the 1990s when Sun introduced applets to the world, the JVM was slow, and applets were slower. Think "wait fifteen minutes for it to finish loading" slow.
早在20世纪90年代，当Sun向全世界推出applet时，JVM速度很慢，applet也慢了。想想“等待十五分钟让它完成装载”慢。
Slow technologies are dead technologies. Speed wasn't the only advantage that Flash and its ilk had over Java applets, but it was a major contributor to their decline.
缓慢的技术是死技术。速度并不是Flash及其同类产品对Java applet的唯一优势，但它是它们下降的主要因素。
#4
6
I'll assume you're talking about Java applets.
我假设你在谈论Java applets。
I think one of the biggest advantages Flash had with adoption was one single development environment with attractive and easy to use tools. This was complimented by an abundance of training material. It is also basically single purpose, whereas Java has an enormous variety of uses and target audiences.
我认为Flash采用的最大优势之一是具有吸引人且易于使用的工具的单一开发环境。大量的培训材料对此表示赞赏。它基本上也是单一目的，而Java有很多种用途和目标受众。
#5
5
Up until quite recently, Java applets were fairly heavy. Any Java Applet requires the JVM to start up and load the applet, which can take some time on a modern machine and was even slower on the machines that were around when Java was introduced. Additionally, Java Applets are a bit more of a complex beast compared to Flash and there are a number of issues that arise as a result (ever need to sign your applets? it can potentially be a huge pain for the developer). Also, Flash quickly developed an ecosystem of products that did what people wanted (fun graphics!) quickly and easily, whereas in Java, anything other than buttons and checkboxes (stuff already provided at the base browser level) required some more work and did not have nearly the support that flash did.
直到最近，Java applet相当繁重。任何Java Applet都需要JVM启动并加载applet，这在现代机器上可能需要一些时间，而在Java引入时的机器上甚至更慢。此外，与Flash相比，Java Applet有点复杂，并且因此会出现许多问题（需要签署您的applet？这对开发人员来说可能是一个巨大的痛苦）。此外，Flash快速开发了一个产品生态系统，可以快速，轻松地完成人们想要的产品（有趣的图形！），而在Java中，除了按钮和复选框之外的任何东西（已经在基础浏览器级别提供的东西）需要更多的工作，而不是几乎得到了闪存的支持。
#6
4
Java was greatly disadvantaged simply because it was complicated to download and install for common users.
Java非常不利，因为下载和安装普通用户很复杂。
Potential users would be offered multiple versions of the Java package, including SDK's and so on. That would scare off most users who just wanted to quickly view a simple applet.
潜在用户将获得Java包的多个版本，包括SDK等。这会吓跑大多数想要快速查看简单applet的用户。
Java has fixed this and now java.com has a one-click plugin download. Flash had this from the start, and I wouldn't be surprised it contributed for part of it's success.
Java已修复此问题，现在java.com有一键下载插件。 Flash从一开始就有这个，我不会感到惊讶它为它的部分成功做出了贡献。
#7
4
The Java environment is heavy and unwieldy.
It takes several seconds for it to fire up and start running and it's usually a burden on CPU and memory. Flash on the other hand is considerably more lightweight.
Another factor is that Java applets are usually less visually attractive than flash.
Java环境繁重而且笨重。它需要几秒钟才能启动并开始运行，这通常是CPU和内存的负担。另一方面，Flash更轻巧。另一个因素是Java applet通常在视觉上不如flash。
#8
3
Installing and managing the multiple Java runtime versions required on your PC was a bother that most users didn't want to go trough, either. If it doesn't work out of the box, forget it!
安装和管理PC上所需的多个Java运行时版本是一个麻烦，大多数用户也不想低谷。如果它没有开箱即用，请忘记它！
#9
1
Generally they are heavy, slow. Lot of them are plain ugly (early Swing looking like Xaw or Motif). The difference is, that the Sun is company which deals with heavy iron and corporate business, while Macromedia and Adobe are companies which always have dealt with graphics designers. So the Flash had the "wow factor", applets did not.
一般来说它们很重，很慢。很多都很丑陋（早期的Swing看起来像Xaw或Motif）。不同的是，Sun是处理重铁和公司业务的公司，而Macromedia和Adobe是一直与图形设计师打交道的公司。所以Flash有“令人惊叹的因素”，小程序没有。
#10
0
As mentioned, applets are somewhat heavy and old-fashioned. Sun is now trying to push JavaFX, which could well be the "next Flash".
如上所述，applet有点沉重和老式。 Sun现在正试图推动JavaFX，这可能是“下一个Flash”。