新东方六级英语

  

第一课时

概述

1. 课程安排

2. 关于教材

3. 课前预习

完形填空：

1. 完形的阅读量很小

2. 完形不涉及很偏很难的词

完形是带有明显规律性的考试

完形填空的规律和特点：

1. 命题思路

2. 完形填空的提示线索在文章中的分布规律

Passage 7

If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production.He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 . He must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.

41.[A] other than  [B] as well as    [C] instead of    [D] more than

42.[A] only if    [B] much as     [C] long before   [D] ever since

43.[A]for [B]against [C]of [D] towards

44.[A] replace   [B] purchase      [C] supplement   [D] dispose

45.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed [D]raise

46.[A]vessels[B]routes[C]paths[D] hannels

47. [A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained

48.[A]search[B]save[C]offer [D] seek

49.[A] proportion  [B] percentage   [C] rate        [D]ratio

50.[A] genuinely  [B] obviously    [C] presumably  [D] frequently

Passage 6

Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42and active. When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established 44 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.                                    

Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 46 rules or regulations. 47 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.

There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety 48 . The fewer the injury 49 , the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss.

41. [A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with

42. [A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse

43. [A] regulation   [B] climate      

[C] circumstance [D]requirement

44. [A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless

45. [A] alter [B] differ [C] shift [D] distinguish

46. [A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying

47. [A] Some [B] Many [C] Even [D] Still

48. [A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up

49.[A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations [D] proclamations

50. [A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest [D]a profit

Passage 9

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as 33 , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36.

It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed 40 "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later

22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure

24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form

25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked

26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off

27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into

28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective

29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore

30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized

31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although

32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible

33. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental

34. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty

35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with

36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller

37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory

38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected

39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational

40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with

一个未知填空受单重提示线索的控制还是多重提示线索的控制：

做完形题的公理性原则：

Passage 5

Until recently most histroians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

This view, 47 , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

41. [A] admitted [B] believed [C] claimed [D] predicted

42. [A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal

43. [A] momentary [B] prompt [C] instant [D] immediate

44. [A] bulk [B] host [C] gross [D] magnitude

45. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By

46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely

47. [A] however [B] meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover

48. [A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for

49. [A] manifested [B] approved [C] shown [D] speculated

50. [A] noted [B] impressed [C] labeled [D] marked

第二课时

完形填空的测试点：

1. 阅读

2. 考察英语知识运用的能力

完形填空文章的布局和结构上的特点：

1. 完形文章都有一个明确的中心主线贯穿全文 2. 总分对照的结构

Passage 8

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.

In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self-regulation did not 38 sufficient control.

39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.

The Lord chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.

"Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges, " he said.

Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.

31. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as

32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening

33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft

34.[A]illogical[B]illegal[C]improbable [D]improper

35. [A]publicity[B]penalty [C]popularity [D] peculiarity

36. [A] since [B] if [C] before [D]as

37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D]agreed

38. [A] present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate

39.[A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D]Exposure

40.[A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash

41.[A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration

42.[A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than

43.[A] changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns

44.[A]binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining

45.[A]authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified

46. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by

47.[A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue

48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told

49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that

50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D]guarantee

Passage 7

If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 . He must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.

41. [A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than

42. [A] only if [B] much as [C] long before [D] ever since

43. [A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards

44. [A] replace [B] purchase [C] supplement [D] dispose

45. [A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D]raise

46. [A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels

47. [A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained

48. [A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek

49. [A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D]ratio

50. [A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequently

完形填空的科学做题步骤：

1. 对文章进行整体通读 preview

Passage 10

  Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21

to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34

attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37.This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

21. [A] thought [B] ideal [C] opinion [D]advice

22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance

23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure

24. [A] If [B]Although [C]Whereas [D] Because

25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance

26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed

27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise

28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense

29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging

30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple

31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation

32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security

33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D]rarely

34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short

35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if

36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something

37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D]alone

38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D]On the other hand

39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking

40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency

  第三课时

2. 按段精读，按段理解，按段分析，按段解题

3. 做 review

完形填空：

1. 对已知信息的把握

2. 对未知信息的破解

近年来完形填空的变化趋势：

完形文章上下文、上下句最常见的逻辑关系：

Passage 1

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42

breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions in the listener45interfere with his comprehension;hence,the transmission-reception system breaks down.

46 inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener

to understand the 48 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be understood by his listeners.

41. [A] of [B] at [C] for [D] on

42. [A] inaccessible [B] timely [C] likely [D] invalid

43. [A] encourages [B] prevents [C] destroy [D] offers

44. [A] pass out [B] take away [C] back up [D] stir up

45. [A] who [B] as [C] which [D] what

46. [A] Moreover [B] However [C] Preliminarily [D] Unexpectedly

47. [A] that [B] it [C] so [D] this

48. [A] speech [B] sense [C] message [D] meaning

49. [A] obscure [B] difficult [C] impossible [D] unable

50. [A] case [B] means [C] method [D] way

Passage 5

Until recently most histroians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the_42_man. But they insisted that its_43_results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44_of the English population. 45contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a_46agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

This view, 47, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists48_history and economics, have_49_two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

41. [A] admitted [B] believed [C] claimed [D] predicted

42. [A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal

43. [A] momentary [B] prompt [C] instant [D] immediate

44. [A] bulk [B] host [C] gross [D] magnitude

45. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By

46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely

47. [A] however [B] meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover

48. [A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for

49. [A] manifested [B] approved [C] shown [D] speculated

50. [A] noted [B] impressed [C] labeled [D] marked

Passage 6

Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active. When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established 44 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.     

Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 46

rules or regulations. 47 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.

There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety 48. The fewer the injury 49 , the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss.

41. [A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with

42. [A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse

43. [A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D]requirement

44. [A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless

45. [A] alter [B] differ [C] shift [D] distinguish

46. [A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying

47. [A] Some [B] Many [C] Even [D] Still

48. [A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up

49. [A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations [D] proclamations

50. [A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest [D]a profit

两个任务： 1 、做题理论在真题中的应用。

2 、通过分析真题，总结完型填空的解题规律。

全真试题 - Passage 1

The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions in the listener45 interfere with his comprehension;hence,the transmission-reception system breaks down.

46 inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener

to understand the 48 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be understood by his listeners.

41. [A] of [B] at [C] for [D] on

42. [A] inaccessible [B] timely [C] likely [D] invalid

43. [A] encourages [B] prevents [C] destroy [D] offers

44. [A] pass out [B] take away [C] back up [D] stir up

45. [A] who [B] as [C] which [D] what

46. [A] Moreover [B] However [C] Preliminarily [D] Unexpectedly

47. [A] that [B] it [C] so [D] this

48. [A] speech [B] sense [C] message [D] meaning

49. [A] obscure [B] difficult [C] impossible [D] unable

50. [A] case [B] means [C] method [D] way

第四课时

全真试题 - Passage 8

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.

In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.

In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self-regulation did not 38 sufficient control.

39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.

The Lord chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.

"Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges, " he said.

Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48

to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.

31. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as

32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening

33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft

34. [A] illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper

35. [A] publicity [B] penalty [C]popularity [D] peculiarity

36. [A] since [B] if [C] before [D]as

37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D]agreed

38. [A] present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate

39. [A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D]Exposure

40. [A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash

41. [A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration

42. [A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than

43. [A] changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns

44. [A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining

45. [A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified

46. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by

47. [A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue

48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told

49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that

50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guarantee

第五课时

全真试题 - Passage 3

Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.

They do not provide energy, 41 do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for 42 foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if 43 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 44 .

Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements — usually carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and45 nitrogen. They are different 46 their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin 47 one or more specific functions in the body.

48 enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for 49 vitamins. Many people, 50 , believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body's vitamin needs.

41. [A] either [B] so [C] nor [D] never

42. [A] shifting [B] transferring [C] altering [D] transforming

43. [A] any [B] some [C] anything [D] something

44. [A] serious [B] apparent [C] severe [D] fatal

45. [A] mostly [B] partially [C] sometimes [D] rarely

46. [A] in that [B] so that [C] such that [D] except that

47. [A] undertakes [B] holds [C] plays [D] performs

48. [A] Supplying [B] Getting [C] Providing [D] Furnishing

49. [A] exceptional [B] exceeding [C] excess [D] external

50. [A] nevertheless [B] therefore [C] moreover [D] meanwhile

全真试题 - Passage 10

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can best 22 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.

 In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

21. [A] thought [B] ideal [C] opinion [D]advice

22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance

23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure

24. [A] If [B]Although [C]Whereas [D] Because

25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance

26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed

27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise

28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense

29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging

30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple

31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation

32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security

33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D]rarely

34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short

35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if

36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something

37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D]alone

38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D]On the other hand

39.[A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking

40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency

全真试题 - Passage 9

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21 . As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications

revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early

20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as well as 33   , with display becoming sharper and storage 34 increasing. They were thought of, like people, 35 generations, with the distance between generations much 36  .

It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the 37 within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38 both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been 39 views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed 40 "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later

22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure

24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form

25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked

26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off

27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into

28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective

29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore

30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized

31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although

32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible

33. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental

34. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty

35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with

36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller

37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory

38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected

39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational

40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with

全真模拟试题 -Passage 1

Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In the 1 he does all be can to make a noise in the world, and there are few things 2

he stands in more fear than of the 3 of noise. Even his conversation is a desperate attempt to prevent a dreadful silence. If he is introduced to a fellow mortal and a number of 4 occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of 5 of the emptiest-headed chatterbox. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means 6 the buzzing of a fly; but the longs to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and a wax-work 7 . The object of conversation is not, 8 the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to 9 the buzzing sound. Most buzzing, 10 , is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable even to the 11 . He would be a foolish man, however, 12 waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with his neighbors. Those who 13 the weather as a conversational opening seem to be 14 of the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation 15 the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are 16 if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's ears, though they have nothing to tell them 17 they have seen a new play. At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing at immense 18 , they justly 19 themselves on their success as conversationalists.

1. [A] intervention [B] interval [C] eclipse [D] meantime

2. [A] of which [B] in which [C] with which [D] by which

3. [A] presence [B] abundance [C] existence [D]absence

4. [A] in great measure [B] in brief [C] all in all [D]at least

5. [A] hesitations [B] delays [C] interruptions [D] pauses

6. [A] admiration [B] envy [C] amazement [D]revenge

7. [A] more than [B] no less than [C] rather than [D] no more than

8. [A] character [B] figure [C] role [D] personality

9. [A] for [B] in [C] at [D] on

10. [A] carry out [B] pick up [C] speed up [D] keep up

11. [A] particularly [B] unfortunately [C] fortunately [D] utterly

12. [A] mind [B] mentality [C] intelligence [D] wit

13. [A] who [B] when [C] if [D] which

14. [A] dispose [B] dispatch [C] dismiss [D] despise

15. [A] ignorant [B] negligible [C] obscure [D] inconspicuous

16. [A] at [B] against [C] with [D] in

17. [A] disgusted [B] content [C] disgraced [D] discouraged

18. [A] in that [B] sothat [C] such that [D] except that

19. [A] length [B] expanse [C] stretch [D] span

20. [A] prey [B] model [C] respect [D] pride

全真试题 - Passage 11

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25 as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 28 to criticism.    

Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also 33 changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; 34 , children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration of failure in school, the increased 38 of drugs and

alcohol, and the growing 39 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.

21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing

22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because

23. [A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation

24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D]response

25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else

26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding

27. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with

28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject

29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D]reflect

30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D]amount

31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D]at length

32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence

33.[A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced

34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously

35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D]as

36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage

37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible

38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D]availability

39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity

40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing

全真试题 - Passage 2

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43 . The new experiments, such as these 44 for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM sleep.

For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46 is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, 47 examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood, 50 their immune systems—the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed.

41. [A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any

42. [A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred

43. [A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful

44. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded

45. [A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose

46. [A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction

47. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with

48. [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on

49. [A] develop [B] produce [C] stimulate [D] induce

50. [A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if only

Passage 5

Until recently most histroians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. This view, 47 , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and economics, have 49 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

41. [A] admitted [B] believed [C] claimed [D] predicted

42. [A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal

43. [A] momentary [B] prompt [C] instant [D] immediate

44. [A] bulk [B] host [C] gross [D] magnitude

45. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By

46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely

47. [A] however [B] meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover

48. [A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for

49. [A] manifested [B] approved [C] shown [D] speculated

50. [A] noted [B] impressed [C] labeled [D] marked

全真试题 - Passage 6

Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41 low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42 and active. When the work is well done, a 43 of accident-free operations is established 44 time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum. Successful safety programs may 45 greatly in the emphasis placed on certain

aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by 46 rules or regulations. 47 others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained. There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety 48 . The fewer the injury 49 , the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50 or at a loss.

41. [A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with

42. [A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse

43. [A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D]requirement

44. [A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless

45. [A] alter [B] differ [C] shift [D] distinguish

46. [A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying

47. [A] Some [B] Many [C] Even [D] Still

48. [A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up

49. [A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations [D] proclamations

50. [A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest [D]a profit

全真试题 - Passage 7

If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 . He must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.

41. [A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than

42. [A] only if [B] much as [C] long before [D] ever since

43. [A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards

44. [A] replace [B] purchase [C] supplement [D] dispose

45. [A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D]raise

46. [A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels

47. [A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained

48. [A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek

49. [A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D]ratio

50. [A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequently

第六课时

总结：动词题型

其切入点：找相关提示线索

1 、主谓之间搭配的合适性

2 、动宾之间搭配的合适性

其原则：物理性与抽象性要一致，

褒贬一致，

语气要一致。

3 、通过介词

4 、根据动词是及物还是不及物

5 、其它词性，比如：副词、形容词

6 、动词不定式

全真试题 - Passage 7

If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 44 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45 the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation 46 and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47 . He must either sell some of his property or 48 extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 49 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50 obtainable.

41. [A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than

42. [A] only if [B] much as [C] long before [D] ever since

43. [A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards

44. [A] replace [B] purchase [C] supplement [D] dispose

45. [A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D]raise

46. [A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels

47. [A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained

48. [A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek

49. [A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D]ratio

50. [A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequently

全真试题 - Passage 8

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self-regulation did not 38 sufficient control. 39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament. The Lord chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families."Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges, " he said.

Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in

1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48

to have received payments for telling their stories to

newspapers. Concerns were raised 49

witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate

their stories in court to 50

guilty verdicts.

31. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as

32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening

33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft

34. [A] illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper

35. [A] publicity [B] penalty [C]popularity [D] peculiarity

36. [A] since [B] if [C] before [D]as

37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D]agreed

38. [A] present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate

39. [A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D]Exposure

40. [A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash

41. [A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration

42. [A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than

43. [A] changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns

44. [A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining

45. [A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified

46. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by

47. [A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue

48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told

49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that

50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guarantee

全真试题 - Passage 9

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21. As was discussed before, it was not 22 the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic 23 , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the 24 of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution 25 up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26 through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27 the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28 . It is important to do so. It is generally recognized, 29 , that the introduction of the computer in the early

20th century, 30 by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, 31 its impact on the media was not immediately 32 .

As

time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as

well as 33    ,

with display becoming sharper and storage 34

increasing. They

were thought of, like people, 35

generations, with the distance between generations

新东方在线 [www.koolearn.com/ www.TOL24.com] 网络课堂电子教材系列

-20 - much 36    .

It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to

describe the 37

within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38

both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been

39

views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been

weighed 40

"harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later

22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure

24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form

25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked

26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off

27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into

28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective

29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore

30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized

31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although

32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible

33. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental

34. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty

35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with

36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller

37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory

38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected

39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational

40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with

全真试题 - Passage 2

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements

and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41

kind of sleep is at all well

understood, but REM sleep is 42

to serve some restorative function of the brain. The

purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43

. The new experiments, such as these

44

for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis,

suggest fascinating explanations 45

of non-REM sleep.

For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46

is 100 percent fatal to rats,

yet, 47

examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A

researcher has now 48

the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49

bacterial infections of the blood, 50

their immune systems — the self-protecting

mechanism against diseases-had crashed.

41. [A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any

42. [A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred

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-21 - 43. [A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful

44. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded

45. [A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose

46. [A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction

47. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with

48. [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on

49. [A] develop [B] produce [C] stimulate [D] induce

50. [A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if only

全真试题 - Passage 6

Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41

low accident rates plan their

safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42

and active. When the work is well done, a 43

of accident-free operations is established

44

time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.

Successful safety programs may 45

greatly in the emphasis placed on certain

aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe

work practices by 46

rules or regulations. 47

others depend on an emotional

appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if

maximum results are to be obtained.

There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint

alone, safety 48    .

The fewer the injury 49

, the better the workman's insurance

rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50

or at a loss.

41. [A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with

42. [A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse

43. [A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D]requirement

44. [A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless

45. [A] alter [B] differ [C] shift [D] distinguish

46. [A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying

47. [A] Some [B] Many [C] Even [D] Still

48. [A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up

49. [A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations [D] proclamations

50. [A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest [D]a profit

全真试题 - Passage 10

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young

adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21

to how they can best 22

such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23    ,

but not just in ways that

emphasize competition. 24

they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of

new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the

25

that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26

by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it

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-22 - would be 27

to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,

28    ,

publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29

student

artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30

opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31

dynamics. Making

friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32

of some

kind of organization with a supportive adult 33

visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34

attention

spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35

participants can remain active as

long as they want and then go on to 36

else without feeling guilty and without letting

the other participants 37    .

This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.

38

they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39

for roles that are

within their 40

and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

21. [A] thought [B] ideal [C] opinion [D]advice

22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance

23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure

24. [A] If [B]Although [C]Whereas [D] Because

25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance

26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed

27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise

28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense

29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging

30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple

31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation

32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security

33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D]rarely

34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short

35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if

36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something

37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D]alone

38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D]On the other hand

39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking

40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency

第七课时

全真试题 - Passage 6

Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies 41

low accident rates plan their

safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them 42

and active. When the work is well done, a 43

of accident-free operations is established

44

time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.

Successful safety programs may 45

greatly in the emphasis placed on certain

新东方在线 [www.koolearn.com/ www.TOL24.com] 网络课堂电子教材系列

-23 - aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe

work practices by 46

rules or regulations. 47

others depend on an emotional

appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if

maximum results are to be obtained.

There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint

alone, safety 48 .

The fewer the injury 49

, the better the workman's insurance

rate. This may mean the difference between operating at 50

or at a loss.

41. [A] at [B] in [C] on [D] with

42. [A] alive [B] vivid [C] mobile [D] diverse

43. [A] regulation [B] climate [C] circumstance [D]requirement

44. [A] where [B] how [C] what [D] unless

45. [A] alter [B] differ [C] shift [D] distinguish

46. [A] constituting [B] aggravating [C] observing [D] justifying

47. [A] Some [B] Many [C] Even [D] Still

48. [A] comes off [B] turns up [C] pays off [D] holds up

49. [A] claims [B] reports [C] declarations [D] proclamations

50. [A] an advantage [B] a benefit [C] an interest [D]a profit

全真试题 -Passage 8

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people

involved in prominent cases 31

the trial of Rosemary West.

In a significant 32

of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord

Chancellor, will introduce a 33

bill that will propose making payments to witnesses

34

and will strictly control the amount of 35

that can be given to a case 36

a trial begins.

In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee,

Lord Irvine said he 37

with a committee report this year which said that self-regulation

did not 38

sufficient control.

39

of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40

of media

protest when he said the 41

of privacy controls contained in European legislation

would be left to judges 42

to Parliament.

The Lord chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43

the

European Convention on Human Rights legally 44

in Britain, laid down that everybody

was 45

to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and

their families.

"Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46

our British judges, " he said.

Witness payments became an 47

after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in

1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48

to have received payments for telling their stories to

newspapers. Concerns were raised 49

witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate

their stories in court to 50

guilty verdicts.

31. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as

新东方在线 [www.koolearn.com/ www.TOL24.com] 网络课堂电子教材系列

-24 - 32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening

33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft

34. [A] illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper

35. [A] publicity [B] penalty [C]popularity [D] peculiarity

36. [A] since [B] if [C] before [D]as

37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D]agreed

38. [A] present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate

39. [A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D]Exposure

40. [A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash

41. [A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration

42. [A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than

43. [A] changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns

44. [A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining

45. [A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified

46. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by

47. [A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue

48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told

49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that

50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guarantee

全真试题 - Passage 10

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young

adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21

to how they can best 22

such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23    ,

but not just in ways that

emphasize competition. 24

they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of

new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the

25

that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26

by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it

would be 27

to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,

28    ,

publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29

student

artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30

opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31

dynamics. Making

friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32

of some

kind of organization with a supportive adult 33

visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34

attention

spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35

participants can remain active as

long as they want and then go on to 36

else without feeling guilty and without letting

the other participants 37    .

This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.

38

they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39

for roles that are

within their 40

and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

21. [A] thought [B] ideal [C] opinion [D]advice

22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance

新东方在线 [www.koolearn.com/ www.TOL24.com] 网络课堂电子教材系列

-25 - 23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure

24. [A] If [B]Although [C]Whereas [D] Because

25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance

26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed

27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise

28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense

29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging

30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple

31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation

32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security

33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D]rarely

34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short

35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if

36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something

37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D]alone

38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D]On the other hand

39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking

40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency

全真试题 - Passage 11

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young

people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories

21

on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22

they

were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior

through 23

with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit

crimes in 24

to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25

as a

rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,

26

the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit

crimes 27

lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are

28

to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29

juvenile crime rates. For

example, changes in the economy that 30

to fewer job opportunities for youth and

rising unemployment 31

make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The

resulting discontent may in 32

lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also 33

changes these years. More families consist of one parent

households or two working parents; 34    ,

children are likely to have less supervision at

home 35

was common in the traditional family 36    .

This lack of parental

supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37

causes of

offensive acts include frustration of failure in school, the increased 38

of drugs and

alcohol, and the growing 39

of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend

to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40

a direct causal

relationship has not yet been established.

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-26 - 21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing

22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because

23. [A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation

24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D]response

25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else

26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding

27. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with

28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject

29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D]reflect

30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D]amount

31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D]at length

32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence

33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced

34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously

35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D]as

36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage

37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible

38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D]availability

39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity

40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing

全真试题 - Passage 9

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the

diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21    .

As was

discussed before, it was not 22

the 19th century that the newspaper became the

dominant pre-electronic 23    ,

following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in

the 24

of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications

revolution 25

up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26

through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27

the 20th century

world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28    .

It is

important to do so.

It is generally recognized, 29    ,

that the introduction of the computer in the early

20th century, 30

by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically

changed the process, 31

its impact on the media was not immediately 32    .

As

time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as

well as 33    ,

with display becoming sharper and storage 34

increasing. They

were thought of, like people, 35

generations, with the distance between generations

much 36    .

It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to

describe the 37

within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38

both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been

39

views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been

新东方在线 [www.koolearn.com/ www.TOL24.com] 网络课堂电子教材系列

-27 - weighed 40

"harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later

22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure

24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form

25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked

26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off

27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into

28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective

29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore

30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized

31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although

32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible

33. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental

34. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty

35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with

36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller

37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory

38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected

39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational

40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with

全真试题 - Passage 7

If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and

his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41

consuming all his grain

immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family 42

he produces a

surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43

the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to

44

old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 45

the soil. He

may also need money to construct irrigation 46

and improve his farm in other ways. If

no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 47

. He must either sell some of his property

or 48

extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low

49

of interest, but loans of this kind are not 50

obtainable.

41. [A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than

42. [A] only if [B] much as [C] long before [D] ever since

43. [A] for [B] against [C] of [D] towards

44. [A] replace [B] purchase [C] supplement [D] dispose

45. [A] enhance [B] mix [C] feed [D]raise

46. [A] vessels [B] routes [C] paths [D] channels

47. [A] self-confident [B] self-sufficient [C] self-satisfied [D] self-restrained

48. [A] search [B] save [C] offer [D] seek

新东方在线 [www.koolearn.com/ www.TOL24.com] 网络课堂电子教材系列

-28 - 49. [A] proportion [B] percentage [C] rate [D]ratio

50. [A] genuinely [B] obviously [C] presumably [D] frequently

大纲样题

Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked

A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the

corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90

per cent. Some countries did not 1

enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing

were not 2

. Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed

nations 3

solutions.

4

, problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations.

Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very 5

. It provides fewer jobs

than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly 6

workers are needed to 7

and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained, 8

many nations do not have

the necessary training institutions. Thus, the 9

of importing industry becomes higher.

Students must be sent abroad to 10

vocational and professional training. 11

,

just to begin training, the students must 12

learn English, French, German, or Japanese.

The students then spend many years abroad, and 13

do not return home.

All nations agree that science and technology 14

be shared. The point is: countries

15

the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look care-fully 16

the

costs, because many of these costs are 17

. Students from these nations should 18

the problems of the industrialized countries closely. 19

care, they will take home not

the problems of science and technology, 20

the benefits.

1. [A] generate [B] raise [C] produce [D] manufacture

2. [A] answered [B] met [C] calculated [D]remembered

3. [A] for [B] without [C] as [D]about

4. [A] Moreover [B]Therefore [C]Anyway [D]However

5. [A] expensive [B] mechanical [C] flourishing [D] complicated

6. [A] gifted [B] skilled [C] trained [D] versatile

7. [A] keep [B] maintain [C] retain [D] protect

8. [A] since [B] so [C] and [D] yet

9. [A] charge [B] price [C] cost [D] value

10. [A] accept [B] gain [C] receive [D] absorb

11. [A] Frequently [B] Incidentally [C] Deliberately [D] Eventually

12. [A] soon [B] quickly [C] immediately [D] first

13. [A] some [B] others [C] several [D] few

14. [A] might [B] should [C] would [D] will

15. [A] adopting [B] conducting [C] receiving [D] adjusting

16. [A] to [B] at [C] on [D] about

17. [A] opaque [B] secret [C] sealed [D] hidden

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-29 - 18. [A] tackle [B] learn [C] study [D] manipulate

19. [A] In [B] Through [C] With [D] Under

20. [A] except [B] nor [C] or [D] but

全真试题 - Passage 2

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements

and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41

kind of sleep is at all well

understood, but REM sleep is 42

to serve some restorative function of the brain. The

purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43

. The new experiments, such as these

44

for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis,

suggest fascinating explanations 45

of non-REM sleep.

For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46

is 100 percent fatal to rats,

yet, 47

examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A

researcher has now 48

the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49

bacterial infections of the blood, 50

their immune systems — the self-protecting

mechanism against diseases-had crashed.

41. [A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any

42. [A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred

43. [A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful

44. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded

45. [A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose

46. [A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction

47. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with

48. [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on

49. [A] develop [B] produce [C] stimulate [D] induce

50. [A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if only

第八课时

全真试题 - Passage 2

Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements

and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41

kind of sleep is at all well

understood, but REM sleep is 42

to serve some restorative function of the brain. The

purpose of non-REM sleep is even more 43

. The new experiments, such as these

44

for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis,

suggest fascinating explanations 45

of non-REM sleep.

For example, it has long been known that total sleep 46

is 100 percent fatal to rats,

yet, 47

examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A

researcher has now 48

the mystery of why the animals die. The rats 49

bacterial infections of the blood, 50

their immune systems — the self-protecting

新东方在线 [www.koolearn.com/ www.TOL24.com] 网络课堂电子教材系列

-30 - mechanism against diseases-had crashed.

41. [A] Either [B] Neither [C] Each [D] Any

42. [A] intended [B] required [C] assumed [D] inferred

43. [A] subtle [B] obvious [C] mysterious [D] doubtful

44. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled [D] afforded

45. [A] in the light [B] by virtue [C] with the exception [D] for the purpose

46. [A] reduction [B] destruction [C] deprivation [D] restriction

47. [A] upon [B] by [C] through [D] with

48. [A] paid attention to [B] caught sight of [C] laid emphasis on [D] cast light on

49. [A] develop [B] produce [C] stimulate [D] induce

50. [A] if [B] as if [C] only if [D] if only

全真试题 - Passage 5

Until recently most histroians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They

41

that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 42

man. But they insisted that its 43

results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were

widespread poverty and misery for the 44

of the English population. 45

contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a

46

agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

This view, 47

, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48

history

and economics, have 49

two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50

by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually

improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

41. [A] admitted [B] believed [C] claimed [D] predicted

42. [A] plain [B] average [C] mean [D] normal

43. [A] momentary [B] prompt [C] instant [D] immediate

44. [A] bulk [B] host [C] gross [D] magnitude

45. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By

46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely

47. [A] however [B] meanwhile [C] therefore [D] moreover

48. [A] at [B] in [C] about [D] for

49. [A] manifested [B] approved [C] shown [D] speculated

50. [A] noted [B] impressed [C] labeled [D] marked

全真试题 -Passage 9

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the

diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21    .

As was

discussed before, it was not 22

the 19th century that the newspaper became the

dominant pre-electronic 23    ,

following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in

the 24

of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications

新东方在线 [www.koolearn.com/ www.TOL24.com] 网络课堂电子教材系列

-31 - revolution 25

up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26

through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27

the 20th century

world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28    .

It is

important to do so.

It is generally recognized, 29    ,

that the introduction of the computer in the early

20th century, 30

by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically

changed the process, 31

its impact on the media was not immediately 32    .

As

time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as

well as 33    ,

with display becoming sharper and storage 34

increasing. They

were thought of, like people, 35

generations, with the distance between generations

much 36    .

It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to

describe the 37

within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38

both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been

39

views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been

weighed 40

"harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later

22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure

24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form

25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked

26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off

27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into

28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective

29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore

30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized

31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although

32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible

33. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental

34. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty

35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with

36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller

37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory

38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected

39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational

40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with

全真试题 -Passage 10

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young

adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21

to how they can best 22

such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23    ,

but not just in ways that

emphasize competition. 24

they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of

新东方在线 [www.koolearn.com/ www.TOL24.com] 网络课堂电子教材系列

-32 - new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the

25

that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26

by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it

would be 27

to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,

28    ,

publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29

student

artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30

opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31

dynamics. Making

friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32

of some

kind of organization with a supportive adult 33

visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34

attention

spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35

participants can remain active as

long as they want and then go on to 36

else without feeling guilty and without letting

the other participants 37    .

This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.

38

they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39

for roles that are

within their 40

and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

21. [A] thought [B] ideal [C] opinion [D]advice

22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance

23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure

24. [A] If [B]Although [C]Whereas [D] Because

25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance

26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed

27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise

28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense

29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging

30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple

31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation

32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security

33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D]rarely

34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short

35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if

36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something

37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D]alone

38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D]On the other hand

39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking

40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency

全真试题 -Passage 11

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young

people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories

21

on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22

they

were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior

through 23

with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit

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-33 - crimes in 24

to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25

as a

rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,

26

the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit

crimes 27

lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are

28

to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29

juvenile crime rates. For

example, changes in the economy that 30

to fewer job opportunities for youth and

rising unemployment 31

make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The

resulting discontent may in 32

lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also 33

changes these years. More families consist of one parent

households or two working parents; 34    ,

children are likely to have less supervision at

home 35

was common in the traditional family 36 .

This lack of parental

supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37

causes of

offensive acts include frustration of failure in school, the increased 38

of drugs and

alcohol, and the growing 39

of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend

to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40

a direct causal

relationship has not yet been established.

21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing

22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because

23. [A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation

24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D]response

25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else

26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding

27. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with

28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject

29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D]reflect

30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D]amount

31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D]at length

32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence

33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced

34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously

35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D]as

36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage

37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible

38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D]availability

39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity

40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing

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-34 - 大纲样题

Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked

A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the

corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)

During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90

per cent. Some countries did not 1

enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing

were not 2

. Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed

nations 3

solutions.

4

, problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations.

Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very 5

. It provides fewer jobs

than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly 6

workers are needed to 7

and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained, 8

many nations do not have

the necessary training institutions. Thus, the 9

of importing industry becomes higher.

Students must be sent abroad to 10

vocational and professional training. 11

,

just to begin training, the students must 12

learn English, French, German, or Japanese.

The students then spend many years abroad, and 13

do not return home.

All nations agree that science and technology 14

be shared. The point is: countries

15

the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look care-fully 16

the

costs, because many of these costs are 17

. Students from these nations should 18

the problems of the industrialized countries closely. 19

care, they will take home not

the problems of science and technology, 20

the benefits.

1. [A] generate [B] raise [C] produce [D] manufacture

2. [A] answered [B] met [C] calculated [D]remembered

3. [A] for [B] without [C] as [D]about

4. [A] Moreover [B]Therefore [C]Anyway [D]However

5. [A] expensive [B] mechanical [C] flourishing [D] complicated

6. [A] gifted [B] skilled [C] trained [D] versatile

7. [A] keep [B] maintain [C] retain [D] protect

8. [A] since [B] so [C] and [D] yet

9. [A] charge [B] price [C] cost [D] value

10. [A] accept [B] gain [C] receive [D] absorb

11. [A] Frequently [B] Incidentally [C] Deliberately [D] Eventually

12. [A] soon [B] quickly [C] immiediately [D] first

13. [A] some [B] others [C] several [D] few

14. [A] might [B] should [C] would [D] will

15. [A] adopting [B] conducting [C] receiving [D] adjusting

16. [A] to [B] at [C] on [D] about

17. [A] opaque [B] secret [C] sealed [D] hidden

18. [A] tackle [B] learn [C] study [D] manipulate

19. [A] In [B] Through [C] With [D] Under

20. [A] except [B] nor [C] or [D] but

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-35 - 第九课时

Passage 9

Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the

diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened 21    .

As was

discussed before, it was not 22

the 19th century that the newspaper became the

dominant pre-electronic 23    ,

following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in

the 24

of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications

revolution 25

up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading 26

through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures 27

the 20th century

world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in 28    .

It is

important to do so.

It is generally recognized, 29    ,

that the introduction of the computer in the early

20th century, 30

by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically

changed the process, 31

its impact on the media was not immediately 32    .

As

time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became "personal" too, as

well as 33    ,

with display becoming sharper and storage 34

increasing. They

were thought of, like people, 35

generations, with the distance between generations

much 36    .

It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to

describe the 37

within which we now live. The communications revolution has 38

both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been

39

views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been

weighed 40

"harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D] later

22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until

23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D] measure

24. [A] process [B] company [C] light [D] form

25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D] picked

26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off

27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into

28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D] perspective

29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D] therefore

30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized

31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D] although

32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible

33. [A] institutional [B] universal [C] fundamental [D] instrumental

34. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty

35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to [D] in line with

36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D] smaller

37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D] territory

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-36 - 38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected

39. [A] competitive [B] controversial [C] distracting [D] irrational

40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] with

第十课时

Passage 10

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young

adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21

to how they can best 22

such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 23    ,

but not just in ways that

emphasize competition. 24

they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of

new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the

25

that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26

by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it

would be 27

to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,

28    ,

publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 29

student

artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 30

opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31

dynamics. Making

friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32

of some

kind of organization with a supportive adult 33

visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have 34

attention

spans. A variety of activities should be organized 35

participants can remain active as

long as they want and then go on to 36

else without feeling guilty and without letting

the other participants 37    .

This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.

38

they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39

for roles that are

within their 40

and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

21. [A] thought [B] ideal [C] opinion [D]advice

22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance

23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure

24. [A] If [B]Although [C]Whereas [D] Because

25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance

26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed

27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise

28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense

29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging

30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple

31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation

32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security

33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D]rarely

34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short

35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if

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-37 - 36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something

37. [A] off [B] down [C] out [D]alone

38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D]On the other hand

39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking

40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency [D] efficiency

Passage 11

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young

people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories

21

on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22

they

were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior

through 23

with others. Theories focusing on the role of society that children commit

crimes in 24

to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25

as a

rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,

26

the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit

crimes 27

lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are

28

to criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29

juvenile crime rates. For

example, changes in the economy that 30

to fewer job opportunities for youth and

rising unemployment 31

make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The

resulting discontent may in 32

lead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also 33

changes these years. More families consist of one parent

households or two working parents; 34    ,

children are likely to have less supervision at

home 35

was common in the traditional family 36    .

This lack of parental

supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 37

causes of

offensive acts include frustration of failure in school, the increased 38

of drugs and

alcohol, and the growing 39

of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend

to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 40

a direct causal

relationship has not yet been established.

21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing

22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because

23. [A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation

24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D]response

25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else

26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding

27. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with

28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject

29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D]reflect

30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D]amount

31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D]at length

32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence

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-38 - 33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced

34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously

35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D]as

36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage

37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible

38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D]availability

39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity

40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing

全真模拟试题

Passage 1

Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In the 1

he does all be can to make a noise in the world, and there are few things 2

he stands in

more fear than of the 3

of noise. Even his conversation is a desperate attempt to

prevent a dreadful silence. If he is introduced to a fellow mortal and a number of 4

occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of 5

of the emptiest-headed chatterbox. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation

means 6

the buzzing of a fly; but the longs to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a

man and a wax-work 7

. The object of conversation is not, 8

the most part, to

communicate ideas; it is to 9

the buzzing sound. Most buzzing, 10

, is

agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable even to the 11

. He would be a foolish

man, however, 12

waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzing with

his neighbors. Those who 13

the weather as a conversational opening seem to be

14

of the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a

conversation 15

the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are 16

if

they are merely allowed to go on making a noise into other people's ears, though they have

nothing to tell them 17

they have seen a new play. At the end of an evening during

which they have said nothing at immense 18

, they justly 19

themselves on

their success as conversationalists.

1. [A] intervention [B] interval [C] eclipse [D] meantime

2. [A] of which [B] in which [C] with which [D] by which

3. [A] presence [B] abundance [C] existence [D]absence

4. [A] in great measure [B] in brief [C] all in all [D]at least

5. [A] hesitations [B] delays [C] interruptions [D] pauses

6. [A] admiration [B] envy [C] amazement [D]revenge

7. [A] more than [B] no less than [C] rather than [D] no more than

8. [A] character [B] figure [C] role [D] personality

9. [A] for [B] in [C] at [D] on

10. [A] carry out [B] pick up [C] speed up [D] keep up

11. [A] particularly [B] unfortunately [C] fortunately [D] utterly

12. [A] mind [B] mentality [C] intelligence [D] wit

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-39 - 13. [A] who [B] when [C] if [D] which

14. [A] dispose [B] dispatch [C] dismiss [D] despise

15. [A] ignorant [B] negligible [C] obscure [D] inconspicuous

16. [A] at [B] against [C] with [D] in

17. [A] disgusted [B] content [C] disgraced [D] discouraged

18. [A] in that [B] so that [C] such that [D] except that

19. [A] length [B] expanse [C] stretch [D] span

20. [A] prey [B] model [C] respect [D] pride

第十一课时

第六部分 填空式阅读

大纲样题

Lone before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some

mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now

extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41) ________________________________.

Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build

up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. That kind of rock in

which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants

that grew on it, and even of its climate.

42) ________________________________. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were

preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near

water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we

know noting.

43) ________________________________. There were also crablike creatures, whose

bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one

pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with

a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long

but some were 2 feet.

44) ________________________________. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and

important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of

the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one.

Thousands of these can be seen inthe rocks on the Dorset Coast.

45) ________________________________. About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles

was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the

evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals

though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and

on bone carvings.

[A] The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.

[B] Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have

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-40 - been preserved in the rocks as fossils, From them we can tell their size and shape, how they

walked, the kind of food they ate.

[C] The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million

years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and

in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the

swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the

reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea,

and in the air.

[D] The best index fossils tend to be marine creature. There animals evolved rapidly and spread

over large over large areas of the world.

[E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in

the sea. Later forma are more complex, and among these are the sealilies, relations of the

star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.

[F] When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into

lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would

probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or

shell become embedded and preserved.

[G] Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may

be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply

reduced to a more stable form.

第十二课时

全真模拟试题

Passage 1

English has become the world's number one language in the 20th century. In every country

where English is not the native language, especially in the Third World, people must strive to learn

it to the best of their abilities, if they want to participate fully in the development of their countries.

41) ________________________________.

42) ________________________________. Nonetheless, a world full of different languages

will disappear if the present trend in many countries to use English to replace the national or

official languages in education, trade and even politics continues. 43)

________________________________.

The Third World countries that are now using English as a medium of instruction are

depriving 75 per cent of their future leaders of a proper education. According to many studies,

only around 20 to 25 per cent of students in these countries can manage to learn the language of

instruction (English) as well as basic subjects at the same time. Many leaders of these Third World

countries are obsessed with English and for them English is everything. They seem to believe that

if the students speak English, they are already knowledgeable. 44)

________________________________.

All the greatest countries of the world are great because they constantly use their own

languages in all national development activities, including education. From a psychological point

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-41 - of view, those who are taught in their own language from the start will develop better

self-confidence and self-reliance. From a linguistic point of view, the best brains can only be

produced if students are educated in their own language from the start. 45)

________________________________.

There is nothing wrong, however, in learning a foreign language at advanced levels of

education. But the best thing to do is to have a good education in one's native language first, then

go abroad to have a university education in a foreign language.

[A] If this situation continues, the native or official languages of these countries will certainly die

within two or three generations. This phenomenon has been called linguistic genocide. A language

dies if it is not fully used in most activities, particularly as a medium of instruction in schools.

[B] Those who are taught in a foreign language from the start will tend to be imitators and lack

self-confidence. They will tend to rely on foreign consultants.

[C] Suppose you work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because you

often deal with foreign businessmen. Now you are looking for a place where you can improve

your English, especially your spoken English.

[D] But many people are concerned that English's dominance will destroy native languages.

[E] These leaders speak and write English much better than their national languages. If these

leaders deliver speeches anywhere in the world they use English and they feel more at home with

it and proud of their ability as well. The citizens of their countries do not understand their leaders'

speeches because they are made in a foreign language.

[F] Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers. You may find

the information you need.

[G] A close examination reveals a great number of languages have fallen casualty to English, For

example, it has wiped out Hawaiian, Welsh, Scotch Gaelic, Irish, native American languages, and

many others. Luckily, some of these languages are now being revived, such as Hawaiian and

Welsh, and these languages will live again, hopefully, if dedicated people continue their work of

reviving them.

Passage 2

In 1959 the average American family paid $989 for a year's supply of food. In 1972 the

family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this sort of

experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less

agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?

Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores

offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer's share of the $1,311

spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in

1959.

But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of

living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame

those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers,

meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores

where food is sold. 41) ________________________________.

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-42 - Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received $790, which was 33 per cent

more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen's profit has increased more

than farmer's. But some economists claim that the middleman's actual profit was very low.

According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food

stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers were

making a profit of more than 5 per cent. 42) ________________________________.

43) ________________________________. Vegetables and chicken cost more when they

have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to

pay more when several "TV dinners" are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals,

consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put

into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs

money. 44) ________________________________.

Economists remind us that many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn

money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy

for cooking after a day's work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her

family's table easily and quickly. 45) ________________________________.

It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Producers,

consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.

[A] Thus, as economists point out:" Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are

easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and

work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor's plant."

[B] They are among the "middlemen" who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and

eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?

[C] "If the housewife wants all of these. "the economists say, "that is her privilege, but she must be

prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier."

[D] Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she

carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer

to give housewives, but many people will not like it. There economists blame the housewife

herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don't want

to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared

before it reaches the market.

[E] However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period

of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord （房

主） can charge for an apartment.

[F] Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of

different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it.

[G] By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen

have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices.

第十三课时

Passage 4

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-43 - Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm

animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into

our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs".

The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in

farm slurry. 41) ________________________________.

Some 20,000 tons antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More

than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. 42)

________________________________.

Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating

contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says

Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in

Dubendorf. 43) ________________________________.

With millions of tons animals manure spread onto fields of cops such as wheat and barley

each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs

contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. 44) ________________________________.

Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. 45)

________________________________. This concentration is high enough to trigger the

development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.

There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the

environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and broken down by

conventional sewage treatment.

[A] They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water. His analysis found that Swiss farm manure

contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up

to I kilogram of the drugs.

[B] And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.

[C] Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.

[D] But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs

and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.

[E] His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have

banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.

[F] They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.

[G] There is no doubt that the food and drink is always important to the health.

Passage 2

In 1959 the average American family paid $989 for a year's supply of food. In 1972 the

family paid $1,311. That was a price increase of nearly one-third. Every family has had this sort of

experience. Everyone agrees that the cost of feeding a family has risen sharply. But there is less

agreement when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really responsible?

Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat, eggs, and cheese that stores

offer for sale. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the farmer's share of the $1,311

spent by the family in 1972 was $521. This was 31 per cent more than the farmer had received in

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-44 - 1959.

But farmers claim that this increase was very small compared to the increase in their cost of

living. Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp rise in food prices. They particularly blame

those who process the farm products after the products leave the farm. These include truck drivers,

meat packers, manufacturers of packages and other food containers, and the owners of stores

where food is sold. 41) ________________________________.

Of the $1,311 family food bill in 1972, middlement received $790, which was 33 per cent

more than they had received in 1959. It appears that the middlemen's profit has increased more

than farmer's. But some economists claim that the middleman's actual profit was very low.

According to economists at the First National City Bank, the profit for meat packers and food

stores amounted to less than one per cent. During the same period all other manufacturers were

making a profit of more than 5 per cent. 42) ________________________________.

43) ________________________________. Vegetables and chicken cost more when they

have been cut into pieces by someone other than the one who buys it. A family should expect to

pay more when several "TV dinners" are taken home from the store. These are fully cooked meals,

consisting of meat, vegetables, and sometimes desert, all arranged on a metal dish. The dish is put

into the oven and heated while the housewife is doing something else. Such a convenience costs

money. 44) ________________________________.

Economists remind us that many modern housewives have jobs outside the home. They earn

money that helps to pay the family food bills. The housewife naturally has less time and energy

for cooking after a day's work. She wants to buy many kinds of food that can be put on her

family's table easily and quickly. 45) ________________________________.

It appears that the answer to the question of rising prices is not a simple one. Producers,

consumers, and middlemen all share the responsibility for the sharp rise in food costs.

[A] Thus, as economists point out:" Some of the basic reasons for widening food price spreads are

easily traceable to the increasing use of convenience foods, which transfer much of the time and

work of meal preparation from the kitchen to the food processor's plant."

[B] They are among the "middlemen" who stand between the farmer and the people who buy and

eat the food. Are middlemen the ones to blame for rising food prices?

[C] "If the housewife wants all of these. "the economists say, "that is her privilege, but she must be

prepared to pay for the services of those who make her work easier."

[D] Who then is actually responsible for the size of the bill a housewife must pay before she

carries the food home from the store? The economists at First National City Bank have an answer

to give housewives, but many people will not like it. There economists blame the housewife

herself for the jump in food prices. They say that food costs more now because women don't want

to spend much time in the kitchen. Women prefer to buy food which has already been prepared

before it reaches the market.

[E] However, some economists believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period

of time. In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord （房

主） can charge for an apartment.

[F] Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of

different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it.

[G] By comparison with other members of the economic system both farmers and middlemen

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-45 -have profited surprisingly little from the rise in food prices.

答案：

41. B 42. F 43. E 44. A 45 . C

Passage 1: 41. D 42. G 43. A 44. E 45. B

Passage 2: 41. B 42. G 43. D 44. A 45. C

Passage 4: 41. E 42. D 43. B 44. F 45. A