时态: 即时间和状态,其中时间分为现在时、过去时、将来时、过去将来时; 状态分为四种: 一般、进行、完成、完成进行
| 时间/状态 | 一般 |
进行 |
完成 |
完成进行 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
现在 |
do | am/is/are doing | have done | have been doing |
过去 |
did | was doing | had doing | has been doing |
将来 |
will do | will be doing | will have done | will have been doing |
过去将来 |
would do | would be doing | would have done | would have been doing |
时间现在时: 现在发生的, do/does、is/am/are、have/has过去时: 已经发生的, did、was/were、had将来时: 基于现在将来要发生的, will过去将来时: 基于过去将来要发生的, would
状态一般式: 经常发生的动作, "我经常在七点钟起床", do进行式: 正在进行的动作, "她正在唱一首法语歌", be doing完成式: 之前发生的动作, "他们找到那个失踪的孩子了", hava doing完成进行式: 正在进行的总结, "我已经连续读书两个小时了", have been doing
一般过去将来时: He told me that he would go abroad. (他之前告诉我他会出国.)
过去将来进行时: He knew that I would be living in China next month.
(他就知道我接下来一个月就会在中国生活了.)
过去将来完成时: He said he would have left for London by the end of next month.
他说第二个月末她肯定已经动身去伦敦了.)
过去将来完成进行时: I knew by July he would have been working there for 30 years.
(我知道到七月他就在那里工作整整30年了.)
一般现在时还可以用来表示客观事实, Light travels more quickly than sound.(光传播的速度比声音快.)