Docker入门笔记（1）

时间：2023-03-08 15:54:19

Docker入门笔记（1）

1、安装Docker

yum -y install docker-ce

2、查看Docker版本

[root@localhost ~]# docker -v

Docker version 18.09., build 774a1f4

3、启动Docker

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps # docker服务尚未启用，此处测试

Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the docker daemon running?

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker # 启动Docker

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps # 查看docker应用列表

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

3、修改Docker镜像源，/etc/docker/daemon.json写入以下内容

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json

{

  "registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]

}

4、重启Docker

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker

5、下载镜像busybox测试

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull busybox

Using default tag: latest

latest: Pulling from library/busybox

Digest: sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f

Status: Image is up to date for busybox:latest

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

busybox             latest              d8233ab899d4         weeks ago         .2MB

6、docker run ：创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令

语法

docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

OPTIONS说明：

  • -a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型，可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项；

  • -d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID；

  • -i: 以交互模式运行容器，通常与 -t 同时使用；

  • -p: 端口映射，格式为：主机(宿主)端口:容器端口

  • -t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端，通常与 -i 同时使用；

  • --name="nginx-lb": 为容器指定一个名称；

  • --dns 8.8.8.8: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器，默认和宿主一致；

  • --dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名，默认和宿主一致；

  • -h "mars": 指定容器的hostname；

  • -e username="ritchie": 设置环境变量；

  • --env-file=[]: 从指定文件读入环境变量；

  • --cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2": 绑定容器到指定CPU运行；

  • -m :设置容器使用内存最大值；

  • --net="bridge": 指定容器的网络连接类型，支持 bridge/host/none/container:<name|id> 四种类型；

  • --link=[]: 添加链接到另一个容器；

  • --expose=[]: 开放一个端口或一组端口；

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it busybox

/ # pwd

/

/ # ll

sh: ll: not found

/ # ls

bin   dev   etc   home  proc  root  sys   tmp   usr   var

/ # date

Tue Mar  :: UTC

/ # echo "hello docker"

hello docker

/ #

查看docker应用：

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

e68ba125f9e3        busybox             "sh"                 seconds ago       Up  seconds                            romantic_franklin

退出busybox，并查看docker应用

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it busybox

/ # pwd

/

/ # exit

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

7、删除镜像（-f 强制删除）

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

busybox             latest              d8233ab899d4         weeks ago         .2MB

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f d8233ab899d4

Untagged: busybox:latest

Untagged: busybox@sha256:061ca9704a714ee3e8b80523ec720c64f6209ad3f97c0ff7cb9ec7d19f15149f

Deleted: sha256:d8233ab899d419c58cf3634c0df54ff5d8acc28f8173f09c21df4a07229e1205

[root@localhost ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE

8、删除某个container

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES

598c5f3d52e0        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"    minutes ago       Up  minutes        0.0.0.0:->/tcp   myNginx

[root@localhost ~]# docker stop myNginx

myNginx

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm myNginx

myNginx

9、删除所有container

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                        PORTS               NAMES

9e377dc9fde3        nginx               "nginx -g 'daemon of…"    minutes ago      Exited ()  minutes ago                         xNginx

e68ba125f9e3        d8233ab899d4        "sh"                      minutes ago      Exited ()  minutes ago                         romantic_franklin

b042ee32107a        d8233ab899d4        "sh"                      minutes ago      Exited ()  minutes ago                       zealous_hermann

e29fe83c5eb4        d8233ab899d4        "sh"                      minutes ago      Exited ()  minutes ago                         fervent_galileo

d1915c908b41        d8233ab899d4        "sh"                      minutes ago      Exited ()  minutes ago                         practical_hoover

14c261d6051e        d8233ab899d4        "echo “hello world”"      hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                            thirsty_chaum

450982479c5c        9b9cb95443b5        "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                          infallible_clarke

5627a01ee522        9b9cb95443b5        "/bin/bash"               hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                          epic_brattain

485bddc78ae8        9b9cb95443b5        "/bin/echo 'Hello wo…"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                            gallant_banzai

018b86f38fd5        9b9cb95443b5        "/bin/echo 'Hello wo…"    hours ago         Exited ()  hours ago                            inspiring_franklin

[root@localhost ~]# docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

9e377dc9fde3

e68ba125f9e3

b042ee32107a

e29fe83c5eb4

d1915c908b41

14c261d6051e

450982479c5c

5627a01ee522

485bddc78ae8

018b86f38fd5

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

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