HTML5提供了一些非常强大的JavaScript和HTML API,来帮助开发者构建精彩的桌面和移动应用程序。本文将介绍5个新型的API,希望对你的开发工作有所帮助。
1. 全屏API(Fullscreen API)
该API允许开发者以编程方式将Web应用程序全屏运行,使Web应用程序更像本地应用程序。
// 找到适合浏览器的全屏方法
functionlaunchFullScreen(element) {
if(element.requestFullScreen) {
element.requestFullScreen();
} elseif(element.mozRequestFullScreen) {
element.mozRequestFullScreen();
} elseif(element.webkitRequestFullScreen) {
element.webkitRequestFullScreen();
}
}
// 启动全屏模式
launchFullScreen(document.documentElement); // the whole page
launchFullScreen(document.getElementById("videoElement")); // any individual element
2. 页面可见性API(Page Visibility API)
该API可以用来检测页面对于用户的可见性,即返回用户当前浏览的页面或标签的状态变化。
// 设置隐藏属性和可见改变事件的名称,属性需要加浏览器前缀
// since some browsers only offer vendor-prefixed support
varhidden, state, visibilityChange;
if(typeofdocument.hidden !== "undefined") {
hidden = "hidden";
visibilityChange = "visibilitychange";
state = "visibilityState";
} elseif(typeofdocument.mozHidden !== "undefined") {
hidden = "mozHidden";
visibilityChange = "mozvisibilitychange";
state = "mozVisibilityState";
} elseif(typeofdocument.msHidden !== "undefined") {
hidden = "msHidden";
visibilityChange = "msvisibilitychange";
state = "msVisibilityState";
} elseif(typeofdocument.webkitHidden !== "undefined") {
hidden = "webkitHidden";
visibilityChange = "webkitvisibilitychange";
state = "webkitVisibilityState";
}
// 添加一个标题改变的监听器
document.addEventListener(visibilityChange, function(e) {
// 开始或停止状态处理
}, false);
3. getUserMedia API
该API允许Web应用程序访问摄像头和麦克风,而无需使用插件。
// 设置事件监听器
window.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() {
// 获取元素
varcanvas = document.getElementById("canvas"),
context = canvas.getContext("2d"),
video = document.getElementById("video"),
videoObj = { "video": true},
errBack = function(error) {
console.log("Video capture error: ", error.code);
};
// 设置video监听器
if(navigator.getUserMedia) { // Standard
navigator.getUserMedia(videoObj, function(stream) {
video.src = stream;
video.play();
}, errBack);
} elseif(navigator.webkitGetUserMedia) { // WebKit-prefixed
navigator.webkitGetUserMedia(videoObj, function(stream){
video.src = window.webkitURL.createObjectURL(stream);
video.play();
}, errBack);
}
}, false);
4. 电池API(Battery API)
这是一个针对移动设备应用程序的API,主要用于检测设备电池信息。
var battery = navigator.battery || navigator.webkitBattery || navigator.mozBattery;
// 电池属性
console.warn("Battery charging: ", battery.charging); // true
console.warn("Battery level: ", battery.level); // 0.58
console.warn("Battery discharging time: ", battery.dischargingTime);
// 添加事件监听器
battery.addEventListener("chargingchange", function(e) {
console.warn("Battery charge change: ", battery.charging);
}, false);
5. Link Prefetching
预加载网页内容,为浏览者提供一个平滑的浏览体验。
<linkrel="prefetch"href="http://davidwalsh.name/css-enhancements-user-experience"/>
<!-- just an image -->
<linkrel="prefetch"href="http://davidwalsh.name/wp-content/themes/walshbook3/images/sprite.png"/>