02 Spring框架 简单配置和三种bean的创建方式

时间:2024-08-01 13:05:56

整理了一下之前学习Spring框架时候的一点笔记。如有错误欢迎指正,不喜勿喷。

   上一节学习了如何搭建SpringIOC的环境,下一步我们就来讨论一下如何利用ioc来管理对象和维护对象关系。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.0.xsd">
</beans>

这个是applicationContext.xml的 dtd。(补充上一节)

我们知道有以下集几种方法来创建对象:

  • 采用new关键字创建对象
  • 静态工厂方法,例如:Calendar cal=Calendar.getInstance();
  • 对象(现有)工厂方法

    所以ioc中在aplicationContext.xml中也对应了三种创建对象的途径
<bean id="" class="">①
<bean id="" class="" factory-method="">②
<bean id="" factory-bean="" factory-method="">③

id可以自定义

Class需要自己在工程中创建

接下来写一个简单的demo



applicationContext.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.0.xsd">
<bean id="c1" class="com.Spring.Demo.HelloWorld">
</beans>

HelloWorld.java :

package com.Spring.Demo;

public class HelloWorld {
public void show(){
System.out.println("欢迎Spring!");
} }

接下来写一个测试

TestHelloWorld.java :

package com.Spring.Demo;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class TestHelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args){
ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
HelloWorld hw=(HelloWorld)context.getBean("c1");
hw.show();
} }

运行后控制台输出为:

欢迎Spring!

这是第一种创建对象的方式,下面我们继续看看怎么使用动态工厂创建对象。

<!--静态工厂创建对象配置文件-->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.0.xsd"> <bean id="service" class="dynamicFactory.ServiceFactory" factory-method="getService"/>
</beans>
//需要创建的对象,实现的接口(接口化编程,降低耦合度)
package staticFactory; public interface SomeServices {
String doFirst();
void doSecond();
}
//实现类,实现上面的接口
package staticFactory; public class SomeServiceImp implements SomeServices{ @Override
public String doFirst() {
System.out.println("print first");
return null; } @Override
public void doSecond() {
System.out.println("print second"); } }
//静态工厂,产生上面类的实例
package staticFactory; public class ServiceFactory {
public static SomeServiceImp getService() {
return new SomeServiceImp();
}
}
//测试类(Junit)
public class test { @Test
public void Test01() {
String resource = "staticFactory/applicationContext.xml";
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(resource);
SomeServices service = (SomeServices)ac.getBean("service");
service.doFirst();
service.doSecond();
}
}

控制台输出:

print first
print second

上面的是静态工厂bean的创建方式,接下来我们来看普通工厂对象创建方式:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.0.xsd"> <bean id="serviceFactory" class="dynamicFactory.ServiceFactory"></bean>
<!--普通工厂bean,factory-bean填的是上面的serviceFactory-->
<bean id="service" factory-bean="serviceFactory" factory-method="getService"/> </beans>
//需要创建的对象,实现的接口(接口化编程,降低耦合度)
package dynamicFactory; public interface SomeServices {
String doFirst();
void doSecond();
}
//实现类,实现上面的接口
package dynamicFactory; public class SomeServiceImp implements SomeServices{ @Override
public String doFirst() {
System.out.println("print first");
return null; } @Override
public void doSecond() {
System.out.println("print second"); } }
//这个和第二种不同,这里的工厂类方法是非静态的
package dynamicFactory; public class ServiceFactory {
public SomeServiceImp getService() {
return new SomeServiceImp();
}
}
//测试类(Junit)
public class test { @Test
public void Test01() {
String resource = "dynamicFactory/applicationContext.xml";
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(resource);
SomeServices service = (SomeServices)ac.getBean("service");
service.doFirst();
service.doSecond();
}
}

控制台输出:

print first
print second

这样我们的三种创建方式就说完了。

未完待续