一个.NET通用JSON解析/构建类的实现(c#)

在.NET Framework 3.5中已经提供了一个JSON对象的序列化工具，但是他是强类型的，必须先按JSON对象的格式定义一个类型，并将类型加上JSON序列化特性。本文将试图提供一个高度灵活的JSON通用类型(JsonObject)，实现对JSON的解析及序列化。

假设JSON对象内容如下：

隐藏行号复制代码 ？ JSON

1. {

2. orders: {

3. date: '21:31:59',

4. name: 'Xfrog',

5. books: [{

6. name: 'C# 网络核心编程',

7. publish: '2010-3-24'

8. }, {

9. name: 'C#入门经典中文版',

10. publish: '2009-10-16'

11. }]

12.     },

13. blog: 'http://www.cnblogs.com/xfrog'

14. }

使用JsonObject来构建，可选择以下三种方式：
方式一：

隐藏行号复制代码 ？ C#

1. //通过标准构造函数
   

2. JsonObject json = new JsonObject();
   

3. json["orders"] = new JsonProperty(new JsonObject());
   

4. json["blog"] = new JsonProperty("http://www.cnblogs.com/xfrog");
   

6. JsonObject config = json.Properties<JsonObject>("orders");
   

7. json["orders"]["date"] = new JsonProperty(DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString());
   

8. json["orders"]["name"] = new JsonProperty("Xfrog");
   

9. json["orders"]["books"] = new JsonProperty();
   

11. JsonProperty book = json["orders"]["books"].Add(new JsonObject());
    

12. book["name"] = new JsonProperty("C# 网络核心编程");
    

13. book["publish"] = new JsonProperty("2010-3-24");
    

15. book = json["orders"]["books"].Add(new JsonObject());
    

16. book["name"] = new JsonProperty("C#入门经典中文版");
    

17. book["publish"] = new JsonProperty("2009-10-16");
    

方式二：

隐藏行号复制代码 ？ C#

1. //通过回调函数简化对象的构建
   

2. JsonObject json2 = new JsonObject((a) =>
   

3. {
   

4.     a["orders"] = new JsonProperty(new JsonObject((b) =>
   

5.     {
   

6.         b["date"] = new JsonProperty(DateTime.Now.ToLongTimeString());
   

7.         b["name"] = new JsonProperty("Xfrog");
   

8.         b["books"] = new JsonProperty();
   

9.         b["books"].Add(new JsonObject((c) =>
   

10.         {
    

11.             c["name"] = new JsonProperty("C# 网络核心编程");
    

12.             c["publish"] = new JsonProperty("2010-3-24");
    

13.         }));
    

14.         b["books"].Add(new JsonObject((c) =>
    

15.         {
    

16.             c["name"] = new JsonProperty("C#入门经典中文版");
    

17.             c["publish"] = new JsonProperty("2009-10-16");
    

18.         }));
    

19.     }));
    

20.     a["blog"] = new JsonProperty("http://www.cnblogs.com/xfrog");
    

21. });
    

方式三：

隐藏行号复制代码 ？ C#

1. //通过字符串构建Json对象
   

2. JsonObject newObj = new JsonObject(jsonStr);
   

获取Json对象属性值的方法，也有三种方式：

隐藏行号复制代码 ？ C#

1. //通过泛型函数
   

2. Console.WriteLine(newObj["orders"].GetValue<JsonObject>()["books"].GetValue<List<JsonProperty>>()[1].GetValue<JsonObject>()["name"].Value);
   

3. //通过属性类型对应的属性
   

4. Console.WriteLine(newObj["orders"].Object["books"].Items[1].Object["name"].Value);
   

5. //如果属性为对象类型，可通过字符串索引简化
   

6. Console.WriteLine(newObj["orders"]["books"][1]["name"].Value);
   
   
   通用类：代码
   

   /**********************************************************
   * 作者：wHaibo
   * Email：[e-mail]
   * 日期：2010-04-07
   * 版本：1.0
   * 说明：Json通用转换类
   *********************************************************/
   
   using System;
   using System.Collections.Generic;
   usingSystem.Text;
   
   namespaceXfrog.Net
   {
   
   /// <summary>
   /// 用于构建属性值的回调
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="Property"></param>
   publicdelegate voidSetProperties(JsonObject Property);
   
   /// <summary>
   /// JsonObject属性值类型
   /// </summary>
   publicenum JsonPropertyType
   {
   String,
   Object,
   Array,
   Number,
   Bool,
   Null
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// JSON通用对象
   /// </summary>
   publicclass JsonObject
   {
   privateDictionary<String, JsonProperty> _property;
   
   publicJsonObject()
   {
   this._property =null;
   }
   
   publicJsonObject(String jsonString)
   {
   this.Parse(refjsonString);
   }
   
   publicJsonObject(SetProperties callback)
   {
   if(callback != null)
   {
   callback(this);
   }
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// Json字符串解析
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="jsonString"></param>
   privatevoid Parse(refString jsonString)
   {
   intlen = jsonString.Length;
   boolpoo = string.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonString);
   stringpo = jsonString.Substring(0, 1);
   stringll = jsonString.Substring(jsonString.Length - 1, 1);
   if(String.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonString) || jsonString.Substring(0, 1) !="{" || jsonString.Substring(jsonString.Length - 1, 1) !="}")
   {
   thrownew ArgumentException("传入文本不符合Json格式!"+ jsonString);
   }
   Stack<Char> stack =new Stack<char>();
   Stack<Char> stackType =new Stack<char>();
   StringBuilder sb =new StringBuilder();
   Char cur;
   boolconvert = false;
   boolisValue = false;
   JsonProperty last =null;
   for(int i = 1; i <= len - 2; i++)
   {
   cur = jsonString[i];
   if(cur == '}')
   {
   ;
   }
   if(cur == ' ' && stack.Count == 0)
   {
   ;
   }
   elseif ((cur == '\'' || cur == '\"') && !convert && stack.Count == 0 && !isValue)
   {
   sb.Length = 0;
   stack.Push(cur);
   }
   elseif ((cur == '\'' || cur == '\"') && !convert && stack.Count > 0 && stack.Peek() == cur && !isValue)
   {
   stack.Pop();
   }
   elseif ( (cur == '[' || cur == '{') && stack.Count == 0)
   {
   stackType.Push(cur =='[' ? ']' : '}');
   sb.Append(cur);
   }
   elseif ((cur == ']' || cur == '}') && stack.Count == 0 && stackType.Peek() == cur)
   {
   stackType.Pop();
   sb.Append(cur);
   }
   elseif (cur == ':' && stack.Count == 0 && stackType.Count == 0 && !isValue)
   {
   last =new JsonProperty();
   this[sb.ToString()] = last;
   isValue =true;
   sb.Length = 0;
   }
   elseif (cur == ',' && stack.Count == 0 && stackType.Count == 0)
   {
   if(last != null)
   {
   
   String temp = sb.ToString();
   last.Parse(reftemp);
   }
   isValue =false;
   sb.Length = 0;
   }
   else
   {
   sb.Append(cur);
   }
   }
   if(sb.Length > 0 && last != null&& last.Type == JsonPropertyType.Null)
   {
   String temp = sb.ToString();
   last.Parse(reftemp);
   }
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// 获取属性
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="PropertyName"></param>
   /// <returns></returns>
   publicJsonProperty this[String PropertyName]
   {
   get
   {
   JsonProperty result =null;
   if(this._property !=null && this._property.ContainsKey(PropertyName))
   {
   result =this._property[PropertyName];
   }
   returnresult;
   }
   set
   {
   if(this._property ==null)
   {
   this._property =new Dictionary<string, JsonProperty>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
   }
   if(this._property.ContainsKey(PropertyName))
   {
   this._property[PropertyName] = value;
   }
   else
   {
   this._property.Add(PropertyName, value);
   }
   }
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// 通过此泛型函数可直接获取指定类型属性的值
   /// </summary>
   /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
   /// <param name="PropertyName"></param>
   /// <returns></returns>
   publicvirtual T Properties<T>(String PropertyName) where T :class
   {
   JsonProperty p =this[PropertyName];
   if(p != null)
   {
   returnp.GetValue<T>();
   }
   returndefault(T);
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// 获取属性名称列表
   /// </summary>
   /// <returns></returns>
   publicString[] GetPropertyNames()
   {
   if(this._property ==null)
   returnnull;
   String[] keys =null;
   if(this._property.Count > 0)
   {
   keys =new String[this._property.Count];
   this._property.Keys.CopyTo(keys, 0);
   }
   returnkeys;
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// 移除一个属性
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="PropertyName"></param>
   /// <returns></returns>
   publicJsonProperty RemoveProperty(String PropertyName)
   {
   if(this._property !=null && this._property.ContainsKey(PropertyName))
   {
   JsonProperty p =this._property[PropertyName];
   this._property.Remove(PropertyName);
   returnp;
   }
   returnnull;
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// 是否为空对象
   /// </summary>
   /// <returns></returns>
   publicbool IsNull()
   {
   returnthis._property == null;
   }
   
   publicoverride stringToString()
   {
   returnthis.ToString("");
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// ToString...
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="format">格式化字符串</param>
   /// <returns></returns>
   publicvirtual stringToString(String format)
   {
   if(this.IsNull())
   {
   return"{}";
   }
   else
   {
   StringBuilder sb =new StringBuilder();
   foreach(String key inthis._property.Keys)
   {
   sb.Append(",");
   sb.Append(key).Append(": ");
   sb.Append(this._property[key].ToString(format));
   
   }
   if(this._property.Count > 0)
   {
   sb.Remove(0, 1);
   }
   sb.Insert(0,"{");
   sb.Append("}");
   returnsb.ToString();
   }
   }
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// JSON对象属性
   /// </summary>
   publicclass JsonProperty
   {
   privateJsonPropertyType _type;
   privateString _value;
   privateJsonObject _object;
   privateList<JsonProperty> _list;
   privatebool _bool;
   privatedouble _number;
   
   publicJsonProperty()
   {
   this._type = JsonPropertyType.Null;
   this._value =null;
   this._object =null;
   this._list =null;
   }
   
   publicJsonProperty(Object value)
   {
   this.SetValue(value);
   }
   
   
   publicJsonProperty(String jsonString)
   {
   this.Parse(refjsonString);
   }
   
   
   /// <summary>
   /// Json字符串解析
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="jsonString"></param>
   publicvoid Parse(refString jsonString)
   {
   if(String.IsNullOrEmpty(jsonString))
   {
   this.SetValue(null);
   }
   else
   {
   stringfirst = jsonString.Substring(0, 1);
   stringlast = jsonString.Substring(jsonString.Length - 1, 1);
   if(first == "["&& last == "]")
   {
   this.SetValue(this.ParseArray(refjsonString));
   }
   elseif (first == "{" && last=="}")
   {
   this.SetValue(this.ParseObject(refjsonString));
   }
   elseif ((first == "'" || first == "\"") && first == last)
   {
   this.SetValue(this.ParseString(refjsonString));
   }
   elseif (jsonString == "true" || jsonString =="false")
   {
   this.SetValue(jsonString =="true" ? true : false);
   }
   elseif (jsonString == "null")
   {
   this.SetValue(null);
   }
   else
   {
   doubled = 0;
   if(double.TryParse(jsonString,out d))
   {
   this.SetValue(d);
   }
   else
   {
   this.SetValue(jsonString);
   }
   }
   }
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// Json Array解析
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="jsonString"></param>
   /// <returns></returns>
   privateList<JsonProperty> ParseArray(refString jsonString)
   {
   List<JsonProperty> list =new List<JsonProperty>();
   intlen = jsonString.Length;
   StringBuilder sb =new StringBuilder();
   Stack<Char> stack =new Stack<char>();
   Stack<Char> stackType =new Stack<Char>();
   boolconver = false;
   Char cur;
   for(int i = 1; i <= len - 2; i++)
   {
   cur = jsonString[i];
   if(Char.IsWhiteSpace(cur) && stack.Count == 0)
   {
   ;
   }
   elseif ((cur == '\'' && stack.Count == 0 && !conver && stackType.Count == 0) || (cur =='\"' && stack.Count == 0 && !conver && stackType.Count == 0))
   {
   sb.Length = 0;
   sb.Append(cur);
   stack.Push(cur);
   }
   elseif (cur == '\\' && stack.Count > 0 && !conver)
   {
   sb.Append(cur);
   conver =true;
   }
   elseif (conver == true)
   {
   conver =false;
   
   if(cur == 'u')
   {
   sb.Append(newchar[] { cur, jsonString[i + 1], jsonString[i + 2], jsonString[i + 3] });
   i += 4;
   }
   else
   {
   sb.Append(cur);
   }
   }
   elseif ((cur == '\'' || cur == '\"') && !conver && stack.Count>0 && stack.Peek() == cur && stackType.Count == 0)
   {
   sb.Append(cur);
   list.Add(newJsonProperty(sb.ToString()));
   stack.Pop();
   }elseif( (cur == '[' || cur == '{' ) && stack.Count==0 )
   {
   if(stackType.Count == 0)
   {
   sb.Length = 0;
   }
   sb.Append( cur);
   stackType.Push((cur =='[' ? ']' : '}'));
   }
   elseif ((cur == ']' || cur == '}') && stack.Count == 0 && stackType.Count>0 && stackType.Peek() == cur)
   {
   sb.Append(cur);
   stackType.Pop();
   if(stackType.Count == 0)
   {
   list.Add(newJsonProperty(sb.ToString()));
   sb.Length = 0;
   }
   
   }
   elseif (cur == ',' && stack.Count == 0 && stackType.Count == 0)
   {
   if(sb.Length > 0)
   {
   list.Add(newJsonProperty(sb.ToString()));
   sb.Length = 0;
   }
   }
   else
   {
   sb.Append(cur);
   }
   }
   if(stack.Count > 0 || stackType.Count > 0)
   {
   list.Clear();
   thrownew ArgumentException("无法解析Json Array对象!");
   }
   elseif (sb.Length > 0)
   {
   list.Add(newJsonProperty(sb.ToString()));
   }
   returnlist;
   }
   
   
   /// <summary>
   /// Json String解析
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="jsonString"></param>
   /// <returns></returns>
   privateString ParseString(refString jsonString)
   {
   intlen = jsonString.Length;
   StringBuilder sb =new StringBuilder();
   boolconver = false;
   Char cur;
   for(int i = 1; i <= len - 2; i++)
   {
   cur = jsonString[i];
   if(cur == '\\'&& !conver)
   {
   conver =true;
   }
   elseif (conver == true)
   {
   conver =false;
   if(cur == '\\'|| cur == '\"'|| cur == '\''|| cur == '/')
   {
   sb.Append(cur);
   }
   else
   {
   if(cur == 'u')
   {
   String temp =new String(newchar[] { cur, jsonString[i + 1], jsonString[i + 2], jsonString[i + 3] });
   sb.Append((char)Convert.ToInt32(temp, 16));
   i += 4;
   }
   else
   {
   switch(cur)
   {
   case'b':
   sb.Append('\b');
   break;
   case'f':
   sb.Append('\f');
   break;
   case'n':
   sb.Append('\n');
   break;
   case'r':
   sb.Append('\r');
   break;
   case't':
   sb.Append('\t');
   break;
   }
   }
   }
   }
   else
   {
   sb.Append(cur);
   }
   }
   returnsb.ToString();
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// Json Object解析
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="jsonString"></param>
   /// <returns></returns>
   privateJsonObject ParseObject(refString jsonString)
   {
   returnnew JsonObject(jsonString);
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// 定义一个索引器，如果属性是非数组的，返回本身
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="index"></param>
   /// <returns></returns>
   publicJsonProperty this[intindex]
   {
   get
   {
   JsonProperty r =null;
   if(this._type == JsonPropertyType.Array)
   {
   if(this._list !=null && (this._list.Count - 1) >= index)
   {
   r =this._list[index];
   }
   }
   elseif (index == 0)
   {
   returnthis;
   }
   returnr;
   }
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// 提供一个字符串索引，简化对Object属性的访问
   /// </summary>
   /// <param name="PropertyName"></param>
   /// <returns></returns>
   publicJsonProperty this[String PropertyName]
   {
   get
   {
   if(this._type == JsonPropertyType.Object)
   {
   returnthis._object[PropertyName];
   }
   else
   {
   returnnull;
   }
   }
   set
   {
   if(this._type == JsonPropertyType.Object)
   {
   this._object[PropertyName] = value;
   }
   else
   {
   thrownew NotSupportedException("Json属性不是对象类型!");
   }
   }
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// JsonObject值
   /// </summary>
   publicJsonObject Object
   {
   get
   {
   if(this._type == JsonPropertyType.Object)
   returnthis._object;
   returnnull;
   }
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// 字符串值
   /// </summary>
   publicString Value
   {
   get
   {
   if(this._type == JsonPropertyType.String)
   {
   returnthis._value;
   }
   elseif (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Number)
   {
   returnthis._number.ToString();
   }
   returnnull;
   }
   }
   
   publicJsonProperty Add(Object value)
   {
   if(this._type != JsonPropertyType.Null &&this._type != JsonPropertyType.Array)
   {
   thrownew NotSupportedException("Json属性不是Array类型，无法添加元素!");
   }
   if(this._list ==null)
   {
   this._list =new List<JsonProperty>();
   }
   JsonProperty jp =new JsonProperty(value);
   this._list.Add(jp);
   this._type = JsonPropertyType.Array;
   returnjp;
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// Array值，如果属性是非数组的，则封装成只有一个元素的数组
   /// </summary>
   publicList<JsonProperty> Items
   {
   get
   {
   if(this._type == JsonPropertyType.Array)
   {
   returnthis._list;
   }
   else
   {
   List<JsonProperty> list =new List<JsonProperty>();
   list.Add(this);
   returnlist;
   }
   }
   }
   
   /// <summary>
   /// 数值
   /// </summary>
   publicdouble Number
   {
   get
   {
   if(this._type == JsonPropertyType.Number)
   {
   returnthis._number;
   }
   else
   {
   returndouble.NaN;
   }
   }
   }
   
   publicvoid Clear()
   {
   this._type = JsonPropertyType.Null;
   this._value = String.Empty;
   this._object =null;
   if(this._list !=null)
   {
   this._list.Clear();
   this._list =null;
   }
   }
   
   publicObject GetValue()
   {
   if(this._type == JsonPropertyType.String)
   {
   returnthis._value;
   }
   elseif (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Object)
   {
   returnthis._object;
   }
   elseif (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Array)
   {
   returnthis._list;
   }
   elseif (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Bool)
   {
   returnthis._bool;
   }
   elseif (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Number)
   {
   returnthis._number;
   }
   else
   {
   returnnull;
   }
   }
   
   publicvirtual T GetValue<T>() where T :class
   {
   return(GetValue() asT);
   }
   
   publicvirtual voidSetValue(Object value)
   {
   if(value is String)
   {
   this._type = JsonPropertyType.String;
   this._value = (String)value;
   }
   elseif (value isList<JsonProperty>)
   {
   this._list = ((List<JsonProperty>)value);
   this._type = JsonPropertyType.Array;
   }
   elseif (value isJsonObject)
   {
   this._object = (JsonObject)value;
   this._type = JsonPropertyType.Object;
   }
   elseif (value isbool)
   {
   this._bool = (bool)value;
   this._type = JsonPropertyType.Bool;
   }
   elseif (value == null)
   {
   this._type = JsonPropertyType.Null;
   }
   else
   {
   doubled = 0;
   if(double.TryParse(value.ToString(),out d))
   {
   this._number = d;
   this._type = JsonPropertyType.Number;
   }
   else
   {
   thrownew ArgumentException("错误的参数类型!");
   }
   }
   }
   
   publicvirtual intCount
   {
   get
   {
   intc = 0;
   if(this._type == JsonPropertyType.Array)
   {
   if(this._list !=null)
   {
   c =this._list.Count;
   }
   }
   else
   {
   c = 1;
   }
   returnc;
   }
   }
   
   publicJsonPropertyType Type
   {
   get{ return this._type; }
   }
   
   publicoverride stringToString()
   {
   returnthis.ToString("");
   }
   
   
   publicvirtual stringToString(String format)
   {
   StringBuilder sb =new StringBuilder();
   if(this._type == JsonPropertyType.String)
   {
   sb.Append("'").Append(this._value).Append("'");
   returnsb.ToString();
   }
   elseif (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Bool)
   {
   returnthis._bool ? "true" : "false";
   }
   elseif (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Number)
   {
   returnthis._number.ToString();
   }
   elseif (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Null)
   {
   return"null";
   }
   elseif (this._type == JsonPropertyType.Object)
   {
   returnthis._object.ToString();
   }
   else
   {
   if(this._list ==null || this._list.Count == 0)
   {
   sb.Append("[]");
   }
   else
   {
   sb.Append("[");
   if(this._list.Count > 0)
   {
   foreach(JsonProperty p inthis._list)
   {
   sb.Append(p.ToString());
   sb.Append(", ");
   }
   sb.Length-=2;
   }
   sb.Append("]");
   }
   returnsb.ToString();
   }
   }
   }
   }

   　　

   　　

直接使用ToString函数，将JsonObject转换为Json字符串：

隐藏行号复制代码 ？ C#

1. String jsonStr = json.ToString();
   

注意：

我在重载ToString函数时，并没有将字符串转换为JavsScript字符串类型(即对需要转义的字符的处理)，当然，要实现也是极其简单的。另外，对于带String参数的ToString，我也为做特殊处理，感兴趣的朋友可自行实现。