使用SAS宏从Windows目录中导出文件名列表

I am trying to amend the macro below to accept a macro parameter as the 'location' argument for a dir command. However I cannot get it to resolve correctly due to the nested quotes issue. Using %str(%') does not work, neither do quoting functions for some reason.

我正在尝试修改下面的宏，以接受一个宏参数作为dir命令的“位置”参数。但是由于嵌套引号问题，我无法使它正确地解析。使用%str(%')不起作用，出于某种原因，引用函数也不起作用。

The macro will work fine when the filepath has no spaces (eg C:\temp\withnospace) as the middle quotes aren't needed. However I need this macro to work for filepaths with spaces (eg 'C:\temp\with space\').

当文件路径没有空格(例如C:\temp\ nospace)时，宏就可以正常工作，因为中间的引号不需要。但是，我需要这个宏来处理带空格的文件路径(例如'C:\temp\with space\')。

Please help!

请帮助!

%macro get_filenames(location)
   filename pipedir pipe   "dir &location. /b " lrecl=32767;
   data filenames;
     infile pipedir truncover;
     input line $char1000.;
   run;
%mend;

%get_filenames(C:\temp\)              /* works */
%get_filenames('C:\temp\with space')  /* doesnt work */

8 个解决方案

#1

Here's another way of achieving the same result without needing to use a PIPE.

这里有另一种不用管道就能得到相同结果的方法。

%macro get_filenames(location);
filename _dir_ "%bquote(&location.)";
data filenames(keep=memname);
  handle=dopen( '_dir_' );
  if handle > 0 then do;
    count=dnum(handle);
    do i=1 to count;
      memname=dread(handle,i);
      output filenames;
    end;
  end;
  rc=dclose(handle);
run;
filename _dir_ clear;
%mend;

%get_filenames(C:\temp\);           
%get_filenames(C:\temp\with space);
%get_filenames(%bquote(C:\temp\with'singlequote));

#2

Make the following several changes and your code will work.

做以下几个更改，您的代码就会工作。

%macro get_filenames(location);  %*--(1)--*;
   filename pipedir pipe "dir ""%unquote(&location)"" /b" lrecl=32767; %*--(2)--*;
   data filenames;
     infile pipedir truncover;
     input filename $char1000.;
     put filename=;
   run;
   filename pipedir clear;  %*--(3)--*;
%mend;

%get_filenames(d:\)          
%get_filenames(d:\your dir)  %*--(4)--*;

(1) End the %macro statement with a semi-colon;

(1)以分号结束%宏语句;

(2) Surround the macro variable resolution with doubled-up double quotes and %unquote;

(2)用双引号和%unquote包围宏变量分辨率;

(3) Release the file handle by clearing it; and

(3)清理文件句柄，释放文件句柄;和

(4) Don't single quote your input parameter. macro quote instead, if necessary.

(4)不要只引用输入参数。如果有必要的话，用宏引用代替。

#3

Based on the last sample on this page, instead of the filename statement, try

基于本页上的最后一个示例，而不是filename语句，try

%let filrf=pipedir;
%let rc=%sysfunc(filename(filrf,%bquote(dir "&location" /b),pipe));

and call the macro without using quotes:

不使用引号调用宏:

%get_filenames(c:\temp\with spaces);

I also tried macro quoting, but couldn't get it to work.

我也尝试了宏观引用，但是没有成功。

#4

here's a quick macro to pull windows-based directory listings into a sas data set.

这里有一个快速的宏，可以将基于windows的目录清单拉到sas数据集中。

%macro DirList(dir);

/* %if &SUBDIR eq %then %let subdir=/s; */        /*** &SUBDIR not defined ****/
filename dirpipe pipe "dir &DIR.\*.* /s /-c";

data dir_list(label="Directory Listing [&DIR.]" drop=re_: _line_ date time);
  format Path
         File   $250.
         ModDT  datetime19.
         Size   16.
         _line_ $32000. ;

  if _N_ = 1 then do;
    re_path=prxparse("/Directory of (.+)/");
    re_subd=prxparse("/(\d\d\/\d\d\/\d\d\d\d)\s+(\d\d:\d\d [A|P]M)\s+\s+(\S.*)/");
    re_file=prxparse("/(\d\d\/\d\d\/\d\d\d\d)\s+(\d\d:\d\d [A|P]M)\s+(\d+)\s+(\S.*)/");
    retain re_: path;
    end;

  infile dirpipe lrecl=32000; input; _line_ = _infile_;

  if lengthn(_line_)=0 then delete;
  else
  if prxmatch(re_path, _line_) then do;
    path=prxposn(re_path, 1, _line_);
    end;
  else
  if prxmatch(re_subd, _line_) then do;
    date=input(prxposn(re_subd, 1, _line_), mmddyy10.);
    time=input(prxposn(re_subd, 2, _line_), time6.);
    ModDT=dhms(date, 0, 0, time);
    File=prxposn(re_subd, 3, _line_);
    size = .D; /*mark subdirectory records*/
    if file not in ('.', '..') then output;
    end;
  else
  if prxmatch(re_file, _line_) then do;
    date=input(prxposn(re_file, 1, _line_), mmddyy10.);
    time=input(prxposn(re_file, 2, _line_), time6.);
    ModDT=dhms(date, 0, 0, time);
    size=input(prxposn(re_file, 3, _line_), 16.);
    file=prxposn(re_file, 4, _line_);
    output;
    end;
run;
filename dirpipe clear;
%mend;

and here's how they get called

这就是它们的名字

%dirlist(c:);
%dirlist(c:\temp);

notice there is no trailing backslash when specifying the base directory. C: not C:\.

请注意，在指定基目录时没有尾部反斜杠。C:C:\。

#5

it works for me if i call the original macro this way

如果我用这种方式调用原始的宏，它就会工作

%get_filenames(""C:\Program Files"")

of course i had to add the semicolon at the end of the %macro statement.

当然，我必须在%macro语句的末尾添加分号。

if your directory contains a comma, bad things happen. to fix, use the %str() macro

如果您的目录包含一个逗号，就会发生糟糕的事情。要修复，请使用%str()宏

 %get_filenames(%str(C:\temp\comma, fail)) 

#6

Here's a pure macro code version. It also allows you to specify that you only want to know about files (and not folders) and lets you specify a basic filter. It returns the list of files in a delimited format but you can easily insert these into a dataset using SQL insert if you wanted to (example included but not tested - no SAS access atm). It can be called from anywhere - within another macro, a dataset, an sql statement... wherever. Just add these two macros to your macro autocall library and you're right to go.

这是一个纯宏代码版本。它还允许您指定您只想知道文件(而不是文件夹)，并允许您指定一个基本的过滤器。它以带分隔符的格式返回文件列表，但是如果您想要的话，可以使用SQL insert将这些文件插入到数据集中(例如，包含但没有经过测试——没有SAS access atm)。它可以从任何地方调用——在另一个宏、数据集、sql语句中……无论在哪里。只要将这两个宏添加到宏自动调用库中，就可以了。

There are 2 macros below. The %isdir macro is required by the %file_list macro. The macros are a bit larger and more complex than the above but they are MUCH more flexible. Plus they provide error checking.

下面有两个宏。%isdir宏是%file_list宏所必需的。宏比上面的更大，更复杂，但是它们更灵活。另外，他们还提供错误检查。

/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM:  ISDIR.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: DETERMINES IF THE SPECIFIED PATH EXISTS OR NOT.
**              RETURNS: 0 IF THE PATH DOES NOT EXIST OR COULD NOT BE OPENED.
**                       1 IF THE PATH EXISTS AND CAN BE OPENED.
**
** PARAMETERS: iPath: THE FULL PATH TO EXAMINE.  NOTE THAT / AND \ ARE TREATED
**                    THE SAME SO &SASDIR/COMMON/MACROS IS THE SAME AS
**                    &SASDIR\COMMON\MACROS.
**
******************************************************************************/

%macro isDir(iPath=,iQuiet=1);
  %local result dname;

  %let result = 0;

  %if %sysfunc(filename(dname,&iPath)) eq 0 %then %do;
    %if %sysfunc(dopen(&dname)) %then %do;
      %let result = 1;
    %end;
    %else %if not &iQuiet %then %do;
      %put ERROR: ISDIR: %sysfunc(sysmsg());
    %end;
  %end;
  %else %if not &iQuiet %then %do;
    %put ERROR: ISDIR: %sysfunc(sysmsg());
  %end;

  &result

%mend;

%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir/common/macros);
%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir/kxjfdkebnefe);
%put %isDir(iPath=&sasdir/kxjfdkebnefe, iQuiet=0);
%put %isDir(iPath=c:\temp);

/******************************************************************************
** PROGRAM:  FILE_LIST.SAS
**
** DESCRIPTION: RETURNS THE LIST OF FILES IN A DIRECTORY SEPERATED BY THE
**              SPECIFIED DELIMITER. RETURNS AN EMPTY STRING IF THE THE 
**              DIRECTORY CAN'T BE READ OR DOES NOT EXIST.
**
** PARAMETERS: iPath      : THE FULL PATH TO EXAMINE.  NOTE THAT / AND \ ARE 
**                          TREATED THE SAME SO &SASDIR/COMMON/MACROS IS THE 
**                          SAME AS &SASDIR\COMMON\MACROS. WORKS WITH BOTH UNIX 
**                          AND WINDOWS.
**             iFilter    : SPECIFY A BASIC FILTER TO THE FILENAMES, NO REGULAR 
**                          EXPRESSIONS OR WILDCARDS.
**             iFiles_only: 0=RETURN FILES AND FOLDERS
**                          1=RETURN FILES ONLY.
**             iDelimiter : SPECIFY THE DELIMITER TO SEPERATE THE RESULTS BY.
******************************************************************************/
/*
** TODO: DOESNT CATER FOR MACRO CHARS IN FILENAMES. FIX SOMETIME.
** TODO: IMPROVE THE FILTER. JUST A SIMPLE IF STATEMENT AT THE MOMENT.
*/
%macro file_list(iPath=, iFilter=, iFiles_only=0, iDelimiter=|);
  %local result did dname cnt num_members filename;

  %let result=;

  %if %sysfunc(filename(dname,&iPath)) eq 0 %then %do;

    %let did = %sysfunc(dopen(&dname));
    %let num_members = %sysfunc(dnum(&did));

    %do cnt=1 %to &num_members;
      %let filename = %sysfunc(dread(&did,&cnt));
      %if "&filename" ne "" %then %do;
        %if &iFiles_only %then %do;
          %if not %isDir(iPath=&iPath/&filename) %then %do;
            %if "&iFilter" ne "" %then %do;
              %if %index(%lowcase(&filename),%lowcase(&iFilter)) %then %do;
                %let result = &result%str(&iDelimiter)&filename;
              %end;
            %end;
            %else %do;
              %let result = &result%str(&iDelimiter)&filename;
            %end;
          %end;
        %end;
        %else %do;
          %if "&iFilter" ne "" %then %do;
            %if %index(%lowcase(&filename),%lowcase(&iFilter)) %then %do;
              %let result = &result%str(&iDelimiter)&filename;
            %end;
          %end;
          %else %do;
            %let result = &result%str(&iDelimiter)&filename;
          %end;
        %end;
      %end;
      %else %do;
        %put ERROR: (CMN_MAC.FILE_LIST) FILE CANNOT BE READ.;
        %put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
      %end;
    %end;

  %end;
  %else %do;
    %put ERROR: (CMN_MAC.FILE_LIST) PATH DOES NOT EXIST OR CANNOT BE OPENED.;
    %put %sysfunc(sysmsg());
  %end;

  /*
  ** RETURN THE RESULT.  TRIM THE LEADING DELIMITER OFF THE FRONT OF THE RESULTS.
  */
  %if "&result" ne "" %then %do;
    %substr(&result,2)
  %end;

%mend; 



**
** EXAMPLES - HAVENT TESTED THE LAST TWO YET BUT THEY SHOULD WORK IF SYNTAX IS CORRECT
*;

%put %file_list(iPath=c:\temp);

%put %file_list(iPath=c:\xxdffsds);

%put %file_list(iPath=c:\rob\SASDev\, iFilter=a);

%put %file_list(iPath=c:\rob\SASDev\,iFiles_only=1);

%put %file_list(iPath=/tmp/unix_sasdir,iFiles_only=1);

data x;
  file_list = "%file_list(iPath=c:\temp)";
run;

proc sql noprint;
  insert into my_table values ("%file_list(iPath=c:\temp,iDelimiter=%str(","))");
quit;

#7

Here's one that unscrambles the order of quoting and unquoting:

这里有一个解读引用和不引用顺序的例子:

%let command =%unquote(%str(%')dir "&baseDir.data\*txt"%str(%'));

filename datain pipe &command;

where macro variable basedir can contain spaces and so can the filenames. This combination of %unquote and %str(%') is a frequently occuring macro idiom.

宏变量basedir可以包含空格，文件名也可以包含空格。这种%unquote和%str(%')的组合是经常出现的宏习惯用法。

"what if I have single quote in my dir?"

“如果我在我的目录里有一个引用呢?”

Handling this situation requires a macro quoting function, such as %bquote(); Continuing the example above, this:

处理这种情况需要一个宏引用函数，例如%bquote();继续上面的例子，这个:

%let command =%unquote(%str(%')dir "%bquote(&baseDir.data\*txt)"%str(%'));

should do it.

应该这样做。

To avoid infinite iterations of this kind of question, look at Ian Whitlock's paper, A Serious Look at Macro Quoting, which is available here;

为了避免这类问题的无限重复，看看伊恩·惠特洛克的论文，认真研究宏观引用，这里有;

There are (many) others, but this is the most widely cited. A little note: anything by Ian Whitlock is probably worthwhile. He writes clearly and his understanding of SAS issues is awesome.

有(许多)其他的，但这是最广泛引用的。小提示:伊恩·惠特洛克(Ian Whitlock)的任何作品都可能值得一看。他写得很清楚，他对SAS问题的理解非常棒。

#8

We use this little macro

我们使用这个小宏

%macro getdir(dir=,redirect=, switch=);
    options noxwait xsync;
    %if %length(&switch)=0 %then %let switch=b;
    data _null_; 
      xcmd='dir "' || "&dir" || '"' || "/&switch " || ">" || "&redirect";
      put 'generated the following command: ' xcmd=; 
      rc=system(xcmd);
      put 'result code of above command: ' rc=;
    run;
%mend getdir;

Sample Call

示例调用

%getdir(dir=c:\temp\,redirect=c:\temp\dir.txt) *run;

If you run in batch and don't have the option noxwait xsync the job will hang on the server waiting for an operator response.

如果您以批处理方式运行，并且没有noxwait xsync的选项，作业将挂在服务器上等待操作符响应。