曾几何时，在使用LINUX命令的时候，你是否想查看一个目录下有多少个子目录以及目录的整体结构，然后使用了ls -R命令：
[root@localhost kiosk]# ls -R .: Desktop Downloads Pictures Screenshot from 2016-11-18 12:36:31.png Documents Music Screenshot from 2016-11-18 12:36:23.png Videos ./Desktop: unit3 unit4 unit5 unit6 ./Documents: ./Downloads: ./Music: ./Pictures: Screenshot from 2016-11-18 12:40:04.png ./Videos:
是不是感觉很f**k？这怎么看？怎么这么乱？阿～我的态合金狗眼。
其实，LINUX提供了一个很好的命令tree来帮助用户清晰的查看整个目录的命令。
[root@localhost kiosk]# yum list all | grep tree texlive-pst-tree.noarch 2:svn24142.1.12-32.el7 fsx tree.x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 fsx //下载tree.x86_64即可 [root@localhost kiosk]# yum install tree -y 。。。。下载过程就不展示了 [root@localhost kiosk]# tree . ├── Desktop │ ├── unit3 │ ├── unit4 │ ├── unit5 │ └── unit6 ├── Documents ├── Downloads ├── Music ├── Pictures │ └── Screenshot\ from\ 2016-11-18\ 12:40:04.png ├── Screenshot\ from\ 2016-11-18\ 12:36:23.png ├── Screenshot\ from\ 2016-11-18\ 12:36:31.png └── Videos 6 directories, 7 files //这种树状结构看起来是不是爽多了？
是不是感觉tree命令使用起来很爽？其实tree命令远远不只这么简单
[root@localhost kiosk]# tree --help usage: tree [-acdfghilnpqrstuvxACDFQNSUX] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ] [-L level [-R]] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version] [--help] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst] [--charset charset] [--filelimit[=]#] [--si] [--timefmt[=]<f>] [<directory list>] ------- Listing options ------- -a All files are listed. -d List directories only. -l Follow symbolic links like directories. -f Print the full path prefix for each file. -x Stay on current filesystem only. -L level Descend only level directories deep. -R Rerun tree when max dir level reached. -P pattern List only those files that match the pattern given. -I pattern Do not list files that match the given pattern. --noreport Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing. --charset X Use charset X for terminal/HTML and indentation line output. --filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them. --timefmt <f> Print and format time according to the format <f>. -o filename Output to file instead of stdout. --du Print directory sizes. --prune Prune empty directories from the output. -------- File options --------- -q Print non-printable characters as '?'. -N Print non-printable characters as is. -Q Quote filenames with double quotes. -p Print the protections for each file. -u Displays file owner or UID number. -g Displays file group owner or GID number. -s Print the size in bytes of each file. -h Print the size in a more human readable way. --si Like -h, but use in SI units (powers of 1000). -D Print the date of last modification or (-c) status change. -F Appends '/', '=', '*', '@', '|' or '>' as per ls -F. --inodes Print inode number of each file. --device Print device ID number to which each file belongs. ------- Sorting options ------- -v Sort files alphanumerically by version. -r Sort files in reverse alphanumeric order. -t Sort files by last modification time. -c Sort files by last status change time. -U Leave files unsorted. --dirsfirst List directories before files (-U disables). ------- Graphics options ------ -i Don't print indentation lines. -A Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines. -S Print with ASCII graphics indentation lines. -n Turn colorization off always (-C overrides). -C Turn colorization on always. ------- XML/HTML options ------- -X Prints out an XML representation of the tree. -H baseHREF Prints out HTML format with baseHREF as top directory. -T string Replace the default HTML title and H1 header with string. --nolinks Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output. ---- Miscellaneous options ---- --version Print version and exit. --help Print usage and this help message and exit.
对大部分选项的解释：
-a：显示所有文件和目录； -A：使用ASNI绘图字符显示树状图而非以ASCII字符组合； -C：在文件和目录清单加上色彩，便于区分各种类型； -d：先是目录名称而非内容； -D：列出文件或目录的更改时间； -f：在每个文件或目录之前，显示完整的相对路径名称； -F：在执行文件，目录，Socket，符号连接，管道名称名称，各自加上"*"，"/"，"@"，"|"号； -g：列出文件或目录的所属群组名称，没有对应的名称时，则显示群组识别码； -i：不以阶梯状列出文件和目录名称； -l：<范本样式> 不显示符号范本样式的文件或目录名称； -l：如遇到性质为符号连接的目录，直接列出该连接所指向的原始目录； -n：不在文件和目录清单加上色彩； -N：直接列出文件和目录名称，包括控制字符； -p：列出权限标示； -P：<范本样式> 只显示符合范本样式的文件和目录名称； -q：用“？”号取代控制字符，列出文件和目录名称； -s：列出文件和目录大小； -t：用文件和目录的更改时间排序； -u：列出文件或目录的拥有者名称，没有对应的名称时，则显示用户识别码； -x：将范围局限在现行的文件系统中，若指定目录下的某些子目录，其存放于另一个文件系统上，则将该目录予以排除在寻找范围外。