u-boot-2016.09 make工具之fixdep
1. 概述
fixdep
工具的源码位于scripts/basic/fixdep.c
,代码本身并不复杂。但作用是什么?哪里调用,如何调用,输入和输出是什么?咋一看却不甚清楚。
本文废话太多,如果只想看结论,请直接跳转到文末查看“TL;DR”一节。
2. 哪里调用?
到底哪里调用了fixdep?
2.1 直接搜索fixdep
不妨在u-boot代码里搜索下:
ygu@ubuntu:/opt/work/u-boot/u-boot-2016.09$ grep -rnw fixdep . --exclude-dir=basic
./scripts/Kbuild.include:230:# if_changed_dep - as if_changed, but uses fixdep to reveal dependencies
./scripts/Kbuild.include:266: scripts/basic/fixdep $(depfile) $@ '$(make-cmd)' > $(dot-target).tmp;\
./scripts/Makefile.build:272: scripts/basic/fixdep $(depfile) $@ '$(call make-cmd,cc_o_c)' > \
./board/bosch/shc/README:30: HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
grep
参数说明:-r
,递归搜索目录-n
,显示匹配结果的行号-w
,按单词搜索--exclude-dir=basic
,忽略basic子目录,此目录是fixdep.c
自身的代码目录
总共有4条匹配结果,只有在scripts/Kbuild.include
的266行和scripts/Makefile.build
的272行有调用,其余都跟fixdep调用无关。
2.1.1 if_changed_dep
调用fixdep
scripts/Kbuild.include
中的匹配结果是自定义函数if_changed_dep
调用了fixdep
:
# Execute the command and also postprocess generated .d dependencies file.
if_changed_dep = $(if $(strip $(any-prereq) $(arg-check) ), \
@set -e; \
$(echo-cmd) $(cmd_$(1)); \
scripts/basic/fixdep $(depfile) $@ '$(make-cmd)' > $(dot-target).tmp;\
rm -f $(depfile); \
mv -f $(dot-target).tmp $(dot-target).cmd)
进一步搜索对if_changed_dep
的调用:
ygu@ubuntu:/opt/work/u-boot/u-boot-2016.09$ grep -rnw if_changed_dep .
./scripts/Makefile.spl:299: $(call if_changed_dep,cpp_lds)
./scripts/Makefile.lib:299: $(call if_changed_dep,dtc)
./scripts/Kbuild.include:229:# if_changed_dep - as if_changed, but uses fixdep to reveal dependencies
./scripts/Kbuild.include:263:if_changed_dep = $(if $(strip $(any-prereq) $(arg-check) ), \
./scripts/Makefile.build:175: $(call if_changed_dep,cc_s_c)
./scripts/Makefile.build:181: $(call if_changed_dep,cc_i_c)
./scripts/Makefile.build:296: $(call if_changed_dep,cc_lst_c)
./scripts/Makefile.build:310: $(call if_changed_dep,as_s_S)
./scripts/Makefile.build:316: $(call if_changed_dep,as_o_S)
./scripts/Makefile.build:328: $(call if_changed_dep,cpp_lds_S)
./scripts/Makefile.host:99: $(call if_changed_dep,host-csingle)
./scripts/Makefile.host:116: $(call if_changed_dep,host-cobjs)
./scripts/Makefile.host:133: $(call if_changed_dep,host-cxxobjs)
./Kbuild:44: $(call if_changed_dep,cc_s_c)
./Kbuild:65: $(call if_changed_dep,cc_s_c)
./arch/arm/imx-common/Makefile:48: $(call if_changed_dep,cpp_cfg)
./arch/sandbox/cpu/Makefile:22: $(call if_changed_dep,cc_os.o)
./arch/sandbox/cpu/Makefile:24: $(call if_changed_dep,cc_os.o)
./arch/sandbox/cpu/Makefile:33: $(call if_changed_dep,cc_eth-raw-os.o)
./examples/api/Makefile:64: $(call if_changed_dep,as_o_S)
./Makefile:1118: $(call if_changed_dep,cpp_lds)
./Makefile:1328: $(call if_changed_dep,cpp_lds)
检查以上所有对if_changed_dep
调用的地方,都有一个共同点。那就是新生成一个目标时,调用if_changed_dep
去生成它的依赖文件。
例如,
-
scripts/Makefile.lib
中将%.dts
编译输出为%.dtb
:
$(obj)/%.dtb: $(src)/%.dts FORCE
$(call if_changed_dep,dtc)
-
scripts/Makefile.build
中将%.S
编译输出为%.o
:
$(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.S FORCE
$(call if_changed_dep,as_o_S)
-
scripts/Makefile.host
中将%.c
编译输出为可执行文件%
:`
$(host-csingle): $(obj)/%: $(src)/%.c FORCE
$(call if_changed_dep,host-csingle)
以上所有对if_changed_dep
调用的地方,还有另外一个共同点,if_changed_dep
的调用也还有另外一个特别的地方,就是除了Makefile.host
中调用if-_changed_dep
,是将%.c
编译输出为%.o
外,还没有其它的调用是用于编译%.c
文件的。
Makefile.host
在Kbuild
体系中,用于编译在在主机上运行的程序,而不是编译u-boot
自身的文件。
2.1.2 rule_cc_o_c
调用fixdep
scripts/Makefile.build
中的匹配结果是自定义宏rule_cc_o_c
调用了fixdep
:
define rule_cc_o_c
$(call echo-cmd,checksrc) $(cmd_checksrc) \
$(call echo-cmd,cc_o_c) $(cmd_cc_o_c); \
$(cmd_modversions) \
$(call echo-cmd,record_mcount) \
$(cmd_record_mcount) \
scripts/basic/fixdep $(depfile) $@ '$(call make-cmd,cc_o_c)' > \
$(dot-target).tmp; \
rm -f $(depfile); \
mv -f $(dot-target).tmp $(dot-target).cmd
endef
进一步搜索对rule_cc_o_c
的调用:
ygu@ubuntu:/opt/work/u-boot/u-boot-2016.09$ grep -rnw rule_cc_o_c .
./scripts/Makefile.build:201:# (See cmd_cc_o_c + relevant part of rule_cc_o_c)
./scripts/Makefile.build:266:define rule_cc_o_c
结果显示除了定义之外,并没有显示rule_cc_o_c
被引用。那换一种方式,搜索cc_o_c
:
ygu@ubuntu:/opt/work/u-boot/u-boot-2016.09$ grep -rnw cc_o_c .
./scripts/Makefile.build:268: $(call echo-cmd,cc_o_c) $(cmd_cc_o_c); \
./scripts/Makefile.build:272: scripts/basic/fixdep $(depfile) $@ '$(call make-cmd,cc_o_c)' > \
./scripts/Makefile.build:281: $(call if_changed_rule,cc_o_c)
./scripts/Makefile.build:287: $(call if_changed_rule,cc_o_c)
./examples/api/Makefile:60: $(call if_changed_rule,cc_o_c)
得到5项搜索结果,其前两行实际上是宏rule_cc_o_c
定义本身,最后一行是u-boot
例子里面的调用,也可以忽略。
重点是scripts/Makefile.build
的中间两项:
# Built-in and composite module parts
$(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.c $(recordmcount_source) FORCE
$(call cmd,force_checksrc)
$(call if_changed_rule,cc_o_c)
# Single-part modules are special since we need to mark them in $(MODVERDIR)
$(single-used-m): $(obj)/%.o: $(src)/%.c $(recordmcount_source) FORCE
$(call cmd,force_checksrc)
$(call if_changed_rule,cc_o_c)
@{ echo $(@:.o=.ko); echo $@; } > $(MODVERDIR)/$(@F:.o=.mod)
很显然,$(simple-used-m)
规则从字面上看是用于生成.ko
文件的,而u-boot
并不生成模块文件,所以实际上用于编译%.c
生成%.o
的是前一个规则。
2.1.3 fixdep
调用结论
从前两节的分析看,以下情况会调用fixdep
进行处理:
- 新生成一个目标时,调用
if_changed_dep
检测并更新依赖文件,其中if_changed_dep
会调用fixdep
去处理依赖文件,但是将用于生成u-boot
的%.c
文件编译为%.o
规则除外 - 将生成
u-boot
的%.c
编译为%.o
时会调用rule_cc_o_c
,rule_cc_o_c
中又会调用fixdep
生成%.o
的依赖文件.%.cmd
3. 如何调用?
通过fixdep.c
的usage()
函数,我们可以看到fixdep
的用法:
fixdep <depfile> <target> <cmdline>
fixdep
接收三个参数,分别是:
-
<depfile>
:编译产生的依赖文件*.d -
<target>
:编译生成的目标 -
<cmdline>
:编译使用的命令
4. 输入和输出
看一看调用if_changed_dep
的实例:
修改if_changed_dep
中,显示调用fixdep
的命令,并保留原有的依赖文件:
if_changed_dep = $(if $(strip $(any-prereq) $(arg-check) ), \
@set -e; \
$(echo-cmd) $(cmd_$(1)); \
echo 'call fixdep: scripts/basic/fixdep $(depfile) $@ "$(make-cmd)"';\
scripts/basic/fixdep $(depfile) $@ '$(make-cmd)' > $(dot-target).tmp;\
mv -f $(dot-target).tmp $(dot-target).cmd)
重新执行make rpi_3_32b_defconfig
,得到如下log:
ygu@fs-ygu:/opt/work/u-boot/u-boot-2016.09$ make rpi_3_32b_defconfig
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
call fixdep: scripts/basic/fixdep scripts/basic/.fixdep.d scripts/basic/fixdep "cc -Wp,-MD,scripts/basic/.fixdep.d -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -o scripts/basic/fixdep scripts/basic/fixdep.c "
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o
call fixdep: scripts/basic/fixdep scripts/kconfig/.conf.o.d scripts/kconfig/conf.o "cc -Wp,-MD,scripts/kconfig/.conf.o.d -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -I/usr/include/ncursesw -DCURSES_LOC="<ncurses.h>" -DLOCALE -c -o scripts/kconfig/conf.o scripts/kconfig/conf.c"
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
call fixdep: scripts/basic/fixdep scripts/kconfig/.zconf.tab.o.d scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o "cc -Wp,-MD,scripts/kconfig/.zconf.tab.o.d -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -I/usr/include/ncursesw -DCURSES_LOC="<ncurses.h>" -DLOCALE -Iscripts/kconfig -c -o scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c"
HOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf
#
# configuration written to .config
#
从log可以看到,执行make rpi_3_32b_defconfig
一共调用了3次fixdep
,以处理scripts/basic/.fixdep.d
为例,调用的命令的参数分别为:
depfile = scripts/basic/.fixdep.d
target = scripts/basic/fixdep
cmdline = "cc -Wp,-MD,scripts/basic/.fixdep.d -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -o scripts/basic/fixdep scripts/basic/fixdep.c "
4.1 输入和输出
编译过程中生成的依赖文件.fixdep.d
作为输入,经过处理得到.fixdep.cmd
文件,对比其中的变化:
原来的.fixdep.d
:
fixdep.o: scripts/basic/fixdep.c /usr/include/stdc-predef.h \
... \ /* 省略中间的若干头文件 */
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/in.h
新生成的.fixdep.cmd
:
cmd_scripts/basic/fixdep := "cc -Wp,-MD,...scripts/basic/fixdep.c"
source_scripts/basic/fixdep := scripts/basic/fixdep.c
deps_scripts/basic/fixdep := xxx.h \
$(wildcard include/config/his/driver.h) \
$(wildcard include/config/my/option.h) \
$(wildcard include/config/.h) \
$(wildcard include/config/foo.h) \
$(wildcard include/config/boom.h) \
$(wildcard include/config/is/.h) \
/usr/include/stdc-predef.h \
... \ /* 省略中间的若干头文件,同.fixdep.d */
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/in.h \
scripts/basic/fixdep: $(deps_scripts/basic/fixdep)
$(deps_scripts/basic/fixdep):
新的.fixdep.cmd
中增加了跟目标相关的变量cmd_xxx
,source_xxx
,deps_xxx
和目标xxx
对deps_xxx
的依赖规则。
fixdep.c
的代码操作比较简单,这里略去对代码的分析。
>
**有个疑问,没搞懂
dep_xxx
开始部分匹配wildcard
包含的头文件到底是如何来的?
很明显,这部分是由use_config()
函数生成的,具体如何生成,大神们的请来指点下。**
4.2 .*.cmd
的引用
顶层Makefile是这样引用.*.cmd
文件的:
# read all saved command lines
targets := $(wildcard $(sort $(targets)))
cmd_files := $(wildcard .*.cmd $(foreach f,$(targets),$(dir $(f)).$(notdir $(f)).cmd))
ifneq ($(cmd_files),)
$(cmd_files): ; # Do not try to update included dependency files
include $(cmd_files)
endif
根据待生成的目标targets
生成cmd_files
列表,然后用include
指令包含所有这些.*.cmd
文件。
以生成的arm/cpu/armv7/.start.o.cmd
为例,文件中包含:
cmd_arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o := arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc ... -c -o arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.S
source_arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o := arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.S
deps_arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o := \
$(wildcard include/config/omap44xx.h) \
$(wildcard include/config/spl/build.h) \
...
arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o: $(deps_arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o)
$(deps_arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o):
实际上只用到了依赖规则:
deps_arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o := \
$(wildcard include/config/omap44xx.h) \
$(wildcard include/config/spl/build.h) \
...
arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o: $(deps_arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o)
$(deps_arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o):
对于cmd_arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o
和source_arch/arm/cpu/armv7/start.o
,u-boot编译时并没有用到。
至于cmd_xxx和source_xxx,我能够想到的用处就是存放一些编译用到的信息,例如cmd_xxx表示生成所用的命令,source_xxx表示生成目标的source code,如果想看某一个文件时如何生成的,去检查.*.cmd
文件就行了。其实这也是蛮有用的。
例如,我想看看文件u-boot.bin
是如何生成的,那就去检查.u-boot.bin.cmd
,一目了然了:
cmd_u-boot.bin := cp u-boot-nodtb.bin u-boot.bin
我去,编译生成的u-boot.bin
竟然是u-boot-nodtb.bin
通过cp
来的~~哈哈。
5. TL;DR
上面部分主要表述整个分析的过程,废话太多。以下简略说明重点。
编译时,编译器会根据选项-MD
自动生成依赖文件*.d
,用fixdep
更新*.d
文件生成新的依赖文件.*.cmd
。
fixdep
被两个地方调用:
rule_cc_o_c
:编译u-boot自身的*.c
文件时,rule_cc_o_c
调用fixdep
去更新生成%.c
的依赖文件.%.cmd
if_changed_dep
:适用于除了上述的rule_cc_o_c
外的其它目标依赖文件的生成,例如生成主机上执行的程序,处理dts文件等,也包括汇编文件生成*.o
,生成*.s
,*.lst
等。
通过查看fixdep
输出的.*.cmd
文件可以知道对应的目标文件*
是如何生成的。