例如以下代码:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
void func( size_t s) {
int vla[s];
/*...*/
}
/*...*/
func(size);
/*...*/
|
解决方案如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
enum {MAX_ARRAY = 1024};
void func( size_t s) {
if (s < MAX_ARRAY && s != 0) {
int vla[s];
/*...*/
} else {
//错误处理
}
}
/*...*/
func(size);
/*...*/
|
2.需要保证复制的目标具有足够的存储空间
参考代码如下所示:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
enum {WORKSPACE_SIZE = 256};
void func( const int src[], size_t len) {
int dest[WORKSPACE_SIZE];
if (len > WORKSPACE_SIZE) {
//错误处理
}
memcpy (dest, src, sizeof ( int ) * len);
/*...*/
}
|
3.不要把一个指向非数组对象的指针加上或减去一个整数
错误代码如下所示:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
|
struct numbers {
short num1;
short num2;
/*...*/
short num9;
};
int sum_numbers( const struct numbers *numb) {
int total = 0;
const int *numb_ptr;
for (numb_ptr = &numb->num1; numb_ptr <= &numb->num9; numb_ptr++) {
total += *(numb_ptr);
}
return total;
}
int main( void ) {
struct numbers my_numbers = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
sum_numbers(&my_numbers);
return 0;
}
|
上面的代码试图用指针运算访问结构的元素,这是危险的,因为结构中的字段并不保证在内存中是连续的
解决方案(使用数组)如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
|
struct numbers {
short num1;
short num2;
/*...*/
short num9;
};
int sum_numbers( const short *numb, size_t dim) {
int total = 0;
const int *numb_ptr;
for (numb_ptr = numb; numb_ptr < numb + dim; numb_ptr++) {
total += *(numb_ptr);
}
return total;
}
int main( void ) {
short my_numbers[9] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
sum_numbers(my_numbers, sizeof (my_numbers) / sizeof (my_numbers[0]));
return 0;
}
|