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这个系列的博客分为上下两篇，上篇介绍命令行工具使用，下篇介绍利用Jenkins进行持续化集成
在iOS的开发过程中总是免不了要不停的打包，通常的打包方式是这样的
XCode->Archive->Export
期间还要选择对应的证书与pp文件，进行一次打包会花不少的时间，在打包的过程中你啥都做不了，只能干等着。今天主要介绍利用命令行来解放你的双手，让你在打包的时候能够释放你的双手。
今天分享的内容如下：
- xcodebuild指令介绍与使用
- 利用shell脚本打包
- fastlane介绍与使用
xcodebuild
xcodebuild 指令是苹果官方提供的命令行打包工具，你可以使用此命令来进行clean、build、test、archive。
要查看官方的使用指南，可以通过命令 man xcodebuild来查看
project构建
要构建xcode项目需要在工程所在目录运行xcodebuild指令，如果目录中含有多个preoject的话，就需要使用-project指令来指定需要构建的工程。默认情况下xcodebuild会以工程里默认的configuration来build工程里的第一个target。
workspace构建
要构建workspce，需要设置-workspace与-scheme来定义构建，scheme用于指定要构建的targt以及怎样构建，也可以传递其他参数对scheme进行覆盖。
我们可以通过以下选项来查看工程中的环境
- -list 查看当前工程的信息，如：target列表、configuration列表、scheme列表，同时能看到默认的configuration
- -showBuildSettings 查看构建设置
- -showdestinations 仅对workspace有效
- -showsdks 查看SDK列表
- -usage 使用示例
- -version 查看当前版本
xcodebuild 所有指令默认的configuration都是Release
clean
#清理构建目录 默认的configuration为Release
xcodebuild clean
#也可以指定configuration
xcodebuild clean -configuration Debug
build
### 默认构建
xcodebuild build
### 指定configuration
xcodebuild build -configuration Debug
test
test指令需要指定scheme, 同时还需要指定destination。 可以通过-showdestinations指令来获取可用的destination
xcodebuild -showdestinations -scheme demo_xocdebuild
xcodebuild test -scheme demo_xocdebuild -destination "platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 8"
archive
需要注意的archive时要指定scheme才行
#project的archive
xcodebuild archive -scheme demo_xocdebuild -archivePath test
-exportArchive
此指令用于导出ipa包，必填参数archivePath、exportPath、exportOptionsPlist
### option.plist用于指定打包的method等，此文件可以通过用xcode打包后生成
xcodebuild -exportArchive -archivePath test.xcarchive -exportPath test -exportOptionsPlist 'ExportOptions.plist'
利用shell脚本打包
shell脚本示例如下：
#!/bin/sh
### 配置定义
PROJECT_NAME="test"
# 获取当前脚本路径
# basepath=$(cd `dirname $0`; pwd)
CONFIGURATION="Debug"
#工程名
WORKSPACE="demo.xcworkspace"
#设置打包路径
PACKAGE_PATH="Package"
#archive path
XCARCHIVE_PATH="${PACKAGE_PATH}/xcarchive/${PROJECT_NAME}.xcarchive"
#ipa 路径
IPA_Path="${PACKAGE_PATH}/ipa"
#ipa名称
IPAFILE_NAME="${PROJECT_NAME}.ipa"
#导出ipa路径
EXPORT_PATH="${IPA_Path}/${IPAFILE_NAME}"
optionPlistName="ExportOptions_development"
# clean
echo "xcodebuild clean"
xcodebuild clean -workspace ${WORKSPACE} \
-scheme ${PROJECT_NAME} \
-configuration ${CONFIGURATION} \
| xcpretty
# archive
echo "xcodebuild archive"
xcodebuild archive -workspace ${WORKSPACE} \
-scheme ${PROJECT_NAME} \
-configuration ${CONFIGURATION} \
-destination generic/platform=iOS \
-archivePath ${XCARCHIVE_PATH} \
| xcpretty
# test
xcodebuild test -workspace ${WORKSPACE} \
-scheme ${PROJECT_NAME} \
-sdk iphonesimulator \
-destination 'platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 8' \
| xcpretty
# export ipa
echo "xcodebuild exportArchive"
xcodebuild -exportArchive -archivePath ${XCARCHIVE_PATH} \
-exportPath ${EXPORT_PATH} \
-exportOptionsPlist ${optionPlistName}.plist \
-verbose \
| xcpretty
使用方式，将此脚本放到项目路径下，然后执行即可
sh debug.sh
fastlane 使用与介绍
什么是fastlane？
fastlane是可以自动打包iOS和Android项目的第三方工具，通过简单的配置即可完成打包，还有的功能是实现屏幕截图并上传，上传ipa到testflight，上传ipa到app-store。
在这里我就只介绍iOS方面的使用了，首先需要安装fastlane。
安装fastlane
- 确定安装了最新的xcode命令行工具
xcode-select --install
- 安装fastlane
[sudo] gem install fastlane -NV
使用fastlane
和xcodebuild的使用方式一样，fastlane也需要在项目所有路径使用。首先我们在命令行进入到项目路径,然后初始化fastlane。以下介绍都是基于使用XCode自动创建了证书的情况下来使用，因为这样fastlane自动生成的pp文件才能匹配，否则就需要在gym中显示的指定pp文件。
fastlane init -verbose
初始化后，就可以变成fastlane命令了 示例如下
default_platform(:ios)
platform :ios do
desc "Description of what the lane does"
lane :test do
scan(
# workspace: "FinupCredit.xcworkspace",
# scheme: "test",
devices: ["iPhone 8 Plus"],
)
end
lane :beta do |values|
scan(
# workspace: "FinupCredit.xcworkspace",
devices: ["iPhone 8 Plus"],
)
v = values[:i]
time = Time.new.strftime("%Y%m%d")
version = get_version_number
ipaName = "debug_#{version}_#{time}_V_#{v}.ipa"
gym(
clean: true,
configuration: "Debug",
export_method: "development",
output_directory: "./Debug",
output_name: "#{ipaName}",
)
end
lane :release do |values|
scan(
# workspace: "FinupCredit.xcworkspace",
devices: ["iPhone 8 Plus"],
)
v = values[:i]
time = Time.new.strftime("%Y%m%d")
version = get_version_number
ipaName = "release_#{version}_#{time}_V_#{v}.ipa"
gym(
clean: true,
configuration: "Release",
export_method: "app-store",
output_directory: "./Release",
output_name: "#{ipaName}",
)
end
end
在这里scan和gym分别是fastlane提供的两个action，scan的作用是执行项目中的单元测试，gym则是用来打包的。在这个脚本中我们允许传入变量，用来生成ipa名称。
gym中的。。。也可以指定plist文件，使用方式如下
desc "使用opetionPlist来指定打包配置"
lane :useOptionPlist do |values|
scan(
# workspace: "FinupCredit.xcworkspace",
devices: ["iPhone 8 Plus"],
)
v = values[:i]
time = Time.new.strftime("%Y%m%d")
version = get_version_number
ipaName = "debug_#{version}_#{time}_V_#{v}.ipa"
gym(
clean: true,
configuration: "Release",
export_method: "development",
output_directory: "./Release",
output_name: "#{ipaName}",
#指定plist路径
export_options: "./ExportOptions_app_store.plist"
)
end