Mina、Netty、Twisted一起学习(三):TCP前缀固定大小的消息(Header)

时间:2021-03-30 11:43:32

以前的博文于,有介绍切割消息换行的方法。

但是有一个小问题,这样的方法,设消息中本身就包括换行符,那将会将这条消息切割成两条。结果就不正确了。

本文介绍第二种消息切割方式,即上一篇博文中讲的第2条:use a fixed length header that indicates the length of the body。用一个固定字节数的Header前缀来指定Body的字节数,以此来切割消息。


Mina、Netty、Twisted一起学习(三):TCP前缀固定大小的消息(Header)

上面图中Header固定为4字节,Header中保存的是一个4字节(32位)的整数,比如12即为0x0000000C。这个整数用来指定Body的长度(字节数)。当读完这么多字节的Body之后,又是下一条消息的Header。


以下分别用MINA、Netty、Twisted来实现对这样的消息的切合和解码。


MINA:

MINA提供了PrefixedStringCodecFactory来对这样的类型的消息进行编码解码。PrefixedStringCodecFactory默认Header的大小是4字节。当然也能够指定成1或2。

public class TcpServer {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		IoAcceptor acceptor = new NioSocketAcceptor();
		
		// 4字节的Header指定Body的字节数。对这样的消息的处理
		acceptor.getFilterChain().addLast("codec", 
				new ProtocolCodecFilter(new PrefixedStringCodecFactory(Charset.forName("UTF-8"))));
		
		acceptor.setHandler(new TcpServerHandle());
		acceptor.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));
	}

}

class TcpServerHandle extends IoHandlerAdapter {

	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(IoSession session, Throwable cause)
			throws Exception {
		cause.printStackTrace();
	}

	// 接收到新的数据
	@Override
	public void messageReceived(IoSession session, Object message)
			throws Exception {

		String msg = (String) message;
		System.out.println("messageReceived:" + msg);
		
	}

	@Override
	public void sessionCreated(IoSession session) throws Exception {
		System.out.println("sessionCreated");
	}

	@Override
	public void sessionClosed(IoSession session) throws Exception {
		System.out.println("sessionClosed");
	}
}

Netty:

Netty使用LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder来处理这样的消息。

以下代码中的new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(80, 0, 4, 0, 4)中包括5个參数,各自是int maxFrameLength, int lengthFieldOffset, int lengthFieldLength, int lengthAdjustment, int initialBytesToStrip。maxFrameLength为消息的最大长度。lengthFieldOffset为Header的位置。lengthFieldLength为Header的长度,lengthAdjustment为长度调整(默认Header中的值表示Body的长度。并不包括Header自己),initialBytesToStrip为去掉字节数(默认解码后返回Header+Body的所有内容。这里设为4表示去掉4字节的Header。仅仅留下Body)。


public class TcpServer {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
		EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
		try {
			ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
			b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
					.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
					.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
						@Override
						public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)
								throws Exception {
							ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
							
							// LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder按行切割消息,取出body
							pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(80, 0, 4, 0, 4));
							// 再按UTF-8编码转成字符串
							pipeline.addLast(new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
							
							pipeline.addLast(new TcpServerHandler());
						}
					});
			ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8080).sync();
			f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
		} finally {
			workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
			bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
		}
	}

}

class TcpServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

	// 接收到新的数据
	@Override
	public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
		
		String message = (String) msg;
		System.out.println("channelRead:" + message);
	}

	@Override
	public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
		System.out.println("channelActive");
	}

	@Override
	public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
		System.out.println("channelInactive");
	}

	@Override
	public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {
		cause.printStackTrace();
		ctx.close();
	}
}

Twisted:

在Twisted中须要继承Int32StringReceiver,不再继承Protocol。

Int32StringReceiver表示固定32位(4字节)的Header,另外还有Int16StringReceiver、Int8StringReceiver等。而须要实现的接受数据事件的方法不再是dataReceived,也不是lineReceived。而是stringReceived。

# -*- coding:utf-8 –*-

from twisted.protocols.basic import Int32StringReceiver
from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory
from twisted.internet import reactor

class TcpServerHandle(Int32StringReceiver):

    # 新的连接建立
    def connectionMade(self):
        print 'connectionMade'

    # 连接断开
    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        print 'connectionLost'

    # 接收到新的数据
    def stringReceived(self, data):
        print 'stringReceived:' + data

factory = Factory()
factory.protocol = TcpServerHandle
reactor.listenTCP(8080, factory)
reactor.run()

以下是Java编写的一个client測试程序:

public class TcpClient {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

		Socket socket = null;
		DataOutputStream out = null;

		try {

			socket = new Socket("localhost", 8080);
			out = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());

			// 请求server
			String data1 = "牛顿";
			byte[] outputBytes1 = data1.getBytes("UTF-8");
			out.writeInt(outputBytes1.length); // write header
			out.write(outputBytes1); // write body
			
			String data2 = "爱因斯坦";
			byte[] outputBytes2 = data2.getBytes("UTF-8");
			out.writeInt(outputBytes2.length); // write header
			out.write(outputBytes2); // write body
			
			out.flush();

		} finally {
			// 关闭连接
			out.close();
			socket.close();
		}

	}

}


MINAserver输出结果:

sessionCreated
messageReceived:牛顿
messageReceived:爱因斯坦
sessionClosed

Nettyserver输出结果:

channelActive
channelRead:牛顿
channelRead:爱因斯坦
channelInactive

Twistedserver输出结果:

connectionMade
stringReceived:牛顿
stringReceived:爱因斯坦
connectionLost



作者:叉叉哥   转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/xiao__gui/article/details/38752105



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