ActiveMQ在C#中的应用示例分析

时间:2021-10-31 07:30:20

本文实例讲述了ActiveMQ在C#中的应用。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:

ActiveMQ是个好东东,不必多说。ActiveMQ提供多种语言支持,如Java, C, C++, C#, Ruby, Perl, Python, PHP等。由于我在windows下开发GUI,比较关心C++和C#,其中C#的ActiveMQ很简单,Apache提供NMS(.Net Messaging Service)支持.Net开发,只需如下几个步骤即能建立简单的实现。C++的应用相对麻烦些,后面会有文章介绍。

1、去ActiveMQ官方网站下载最新版的ActiveMQ,网址:http://activemq.apache.org/download.html。我之前下的是5.3.1,5.3.2现在也已经出来了。

2、去ActiveMQ官方网站下载最新版的Apache.NMS,网址:http://activemq.apache.org/nms/download.html,需要下载Apache.NMS和Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ两个bin包,如果对源码感兴趣,也可下载src包。这里要提醒一下,如果下载1.2.0版本的NMS.ActiveMQ,Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.dll在实际使用中有个bug,即停止ActiveMQ应用时会抛WaitOne函数异常,查看src包中的源码发现是由于Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ-1.2.0-src\src\main\csharp\Transport\InactivityMonitor.cs中的如下代码造成的,修改一下源码重新编译即可。看了一下最新版1.3.0已经修复了这个bug,因此下载最新版即可。

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private void StopMonitorThreads()
{
  lock(monitor)
  {
    if(monitorStarted.CompareAndSet(true, false))
    {
      AutoResetEvent shutdownEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
      // Attempt to wait for the Timers to shutdown, but don't wait
      // forever, if they don't shutdown after two seconds, just quit.
      this.readCheckTimer.Dispose(shutdownEvent);
      shutdownEvent.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000));
      this.writeCheckTimer.Dispose(shutdownEvent);
      shutdownEvent.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(2000));
      //WaitOne的定义:public virtual bool WaitOne(TimeSpan timeout,bool exitContext)
      this.asyncTasks.Shutdown();
      this.asyncTasks = null;
      this.asyncWriteTask = null;
      this.asyncErrorTask = null;
    }
  }
}

3、运行ActiveMQ,找到ActiveMQ解压后的bin文件夹:...\apache-activemq-5.3.1\bin,执行activemq.bat批处理文件即可启动ActiveMQ服务器,默认端口为61616,这可在配置文件中修改。

4、写C#程序实现ActiveMQ的简单应用。新建C#工程(一个Producter项目和一个Consumer项目),WinForm或Console程序均可,这里建的是Console工程,添加对Apache.NMS.dll和Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.dll的引用,然后即可编写实现代码了,简单的Producer和Consumer实现代码如下:

producer:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using Apache.NMS;
using Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
namespace Publish
{
  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      try
      {
        //Create the Connection Factory
        IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/");
        using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
        {
          //Create the Session
          using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession())
          {
            //Create the Producer for the topic/queue
            IMessageProducer prod = session.CreateProducer(
              new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQTopic("testing"));
            //Send Messages
            int i = 0;
            while (!Console.KeyAvailable)
            {
              ITextMessage msg = prod.CreateTextMessage();
              msg.Text = i.ToString();
              Console.WriteLine("Sending: " + i.ToString());
              prod.Send(msg, Apache.NMS.MsgDeliveryMode.NonPersistent, Apache.NMS.MsgPriority.Normal, TimeSpan.MinValue);
              System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(5000);
              i++;
            }
          }
        }
        Console.ReadLine();
      }
      catch (System.Exception e)
      {
        Console.WriteLine("{0}",e.Message);
        Console.ReadLine();
      }
    }
  }
}

consumer:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using Apache.NMS;
using Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
namespace Subscribe
{
  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      try
      {
        //Create the Connection factory
        IConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory("tcp://localhost:61616/");
        //Create the connection
        using (IConnection connection = factory.CreateConnection())
        {
          connection.ClientId = "testing listener";
          connection.Start();
          //Create the Session
          using (ISession session = connection.CreateSession())
          {
            //Create the Consumer
            IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateDurableConsumer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQTopic("testing"), "testing listener", null, false);
            consumer.Listener += new MessageListener(consumer_Listener);
            Console.ReadLine();
          }
          connection.Stop();
          connection.Close();
        }
      }
      catch (System.Exception e)
      {
        Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
      }
    }
    static void consumer_Listener(IMessage message)
    {
      try
      {
        ITextMessage msg = (ITextMessage)message;
        Console.WriteLine("Receive: " + msg.Text);
      }
      catch (System.Exception e)
      {
        Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
      }
    }
  }
}

程序实现的功能:生产者producer建立名为testing的主题,并每隔5秒向该主题发送消息,消费者consumer订阅了testing主题,因此只要生产者发送testing主题的消息到ActiveMQ服务器,服务器就将该消息发送给订阅了testing主题的消费者。

编译生成producer.exe和consumer.exe,并执行两个exe,即可看到消息的发送与接收了。

这个例子是建的主题(Topic),ActiveMQ还支持另一种方式:Queue,即P2P,两者有什么区别呢?区别在于,Topic是广播,即如果某个Topic被多个消费者订阅,那么只要有消息到达服务器,服务器就将该消息发给全部的消费者;而Queue是点到点,即一个消息只能发给一个消费者,如果某个Queue被多个消费者订阅,没有特殊情况的话消息会一个一个地轮流发给不同的消费者,比如:

msg1-->consumer A

msg2-->consumer B

msg3-->consumer C

msg4-->consumer A

msg5-->consumer B

msg6-->consumer C

特殊情况是指:ActiveMQ支持过滤机制,即生产者可以设置消息的属性(Properties),该属性与消费者端的Selector对应,只有消费者设置的selector与消息的Properties匹配,消息才会发给该消费者。Topic和Queue都支持Selector。

Properties和Selector该如何设置呢?请看如下代码:

producer:

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ITextMessage msg = prod.CreateTextMessage();
msg.Text = i.ToString();
msg.Properties.SetString("myFilter", "test1");
Console.WriteLine("Sending: " + i.ToString());
prod.Send(msg, Apache.NMS.MsgDeliveryMode.NonPersistent, Apache.NMS.MsgPriority.Normal, TimeSpan.MinValue);

consumer:

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//生成consumer时通过参数设置Selector
IMessageConsumer consumer = session.CreateConsumer(new Apache.NMS.ActiveMQ.Commands.ActiveMQQueue("testing"), "myFilter='test1'");

希望本文所述对大家C#程序设计有所帮助。