排序算法有一个基本的交换步骤,所以我提取这个基本步骤到父类,父类中同时也加入打印输出这个功能以便查看排序结果
排序算法的父类代码如下:
public class SortBase { protected void swap(int[] array, int i, int j) { int temp; temp = array[i]; array[i] = array[j]; array[j] = temp; } protected void printArray(int[] array) { for (int i : array) { System.out.print(i + " "); } } }
(1) 冒泡
public class BubbleSort extends SortBase { // 冒泡是一种简单的交换排序[O(n*n)] public void bubbleSort(int[] array) { for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) for (int j = 0; j < array.length - i - 1; j++) if (array[j] < array[j + 1])// 小的往上冒,由大到小 swap(array, j, j + 1); } }
(2)插入
//复杂度平方阶 public class InsertSort extends SortBase { // 直接插入排序,默认第一个有序,然后像打扑克那样插入[O(n*n)] public void insertSort(int[] array) { for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) { if (array[j] < array[i]) swap(array, i, j);// 使用交换技术,也可依次后移 } } } //另外一种实现,见shell插入部分 public void insertionSort(int[] a) { for (int p = 1; p < a.length; p++) { int tmp = a[p]; int j = p; for (; j > 0 && tmp<a[j - 1]; j--) a[j] = a[j - 1];//如果小就往后移动 a[j] = tmp;//将待插入元素插到移动完的空位处 } } }
(3) 选择
//复杂度,平方阶 public class SelectSort extends SortBase { // 直接选择排序,先默认第一个最大,然后在后面的序列中找出比他大的来交换,这样不停的重复 public void selectSort(int[] array) { for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { int max_potion = i; for (int j = i + 1; j < array.length; j++) if (array[max_potion] < array[j]) max_potion = j; if (i != max_potion)// 如果默认失效 swap(array, i, max_potion); } } }
(4) 快速
//复杂度平方阶,平均是线性对数 public class QuickSort extends SortBase { // 快速排序时获取轴点 public int partition(int[] array, int low, int high) { int compare = array[high];// 和最后一个high比较 int i = low - 1; for (int j = low; j < high; j++) // 扫描high之前的所有数据,把比high大的全部按顺序从低位排列 if (array[j] > compare) swap(array, ++i, j); swap(array, ++i, high);// 将high处的值插入比他大的所有数据之后,这样就取到了轴点 return i; } // 对冒泡的改进,快速排序,原理就是递归的分段,左端----轴点----右端,左<轴<右,或者左>轴>右 public void quickSort(int[] array, int low, int high) { if (low < high) { int pivot = partition(array, low, high); quickSort(array, low, pivot - 1); quickSort(array, pivot + 1, high); } } }
(5) 希尔
//希尔排序 O(n的1.x次方) public class ShellSort { //按照增量进行直接插入 public void shellInsert(int[] array, int gap) { for (int i = gap; i < array.length; i++) { int temp = array[i]; int j = i; for (; j >= gap && temp > (array[j - gap]); j -= gap) array[j] = array[j - gap]; array[j] = temp; } } public void shellSort(int[] array) { for (int gap = array.length / 2; gap > 0; gap /= 2)//取增量 shellInsert(array, gap); } }
(6) 归并
//归并排序[O(nlogn)] 分而治之,分解再合并,map reduce? public class MergeSort extends SortBase { public void mergeSort(int[] a) { int[] tmpArray = new int[a.length]; mergeSort(a, tmpArray, 0, a.length - 1); } //分割 private void mergeSort(int[] a, int[] tmpArray, int left, int right) { if (left < right) { int center = (left + right) / 2; mergeSort(a, tmpArray, left, center); mergeSort(a, tmpArray, center + 1, right); merge(a, tmpArray, left, center + 1, right); } } //归并 private void merge(int[] a, int[] tmpArray, int leftPos, int rightPos, int rightEnd) { int leftEnd = rightPos - 1; int tmpPos = leftPos; int numElements = rightEnd - leftPos + 1; // Main loop while (leftPos <= leftEnd && rightPos <= rightEnd) if (a[leftPos] <= (a[rightPos])) tmpArray[tmpPos++] = a[leftPos++]; else tmpArray[tmpPos++] = a[rightPos++]; while (leftPos <= leftEnd) // Copy rest of first half tmpArray[tmpPos++] = a[leftPos++]; while (rightPos <= rightEnd) // Copy rest of right half tmpArray[tmpPos++] = a[rightPos++]; // Copy tmpArray back for (int i = 0; i < numElements; i++, rightEnd--) a[rightEnd] = tmpArray[rightEnd]; } public static void main(String args[]){ int a[] = {9,8,6,7,5,4,3,2,1,0}; new MergeSort().mergeSort(a); new MergeSort().printArray(a); } }
(7) 堆
//堆排序,复杂度是线性对数,是一种树形选择排序 public class HeapSort extends SortBase { public void heapsort(int[] a) { for (int i = a.length / 2; i >= 0; i--) percDown(a, i, a.length);//从层次最高的非叶子节点开始建堆,这样从下到上,就可以利用堆的性质,可做部分记忆 for (int i = a.length - 1; i > 0; i--) { swap(a, 0, i); //每次调整都把最大或者最小输出到了a[0]处,把它交换到最后 percDown(a, 0, i); } } private int leftChild(int i) { return 2 * i + 1; } private void percDown(int[] a, int i, int n) { int child; int tmp; for (tmp = a[i]; leftChild(i) < n; i = child) { child = leftChild(i); if (child != n - 1 && a[child] < a[child + 1])//比较左右节点 child++; if (tmp < a[child]) a[i] = a[child];//把从左右节点选出来的值赋值到根 else break; } a[i] = tmp; } public static void main(String args[]){ int a[] ={0,5,4,3,2,1,10,-1}; new HeapSort().heapsort(a); new HeapSort().printArray(a); } }