1.通过IP获取用户位置
很多时候需要通过IP判断用户的位置,通常的办法是通过自己的后台程序查询数据库得到。如果用户位置只是应用在前端,或者有其他的特殊原因(比如,懒:),也有一些其他办法来快速的获取用户位置。
maxmind.com 提供了一个服务,通过引入一个js文件(http://j.maxmind.com/app/geoip.js ),可以把他判断到的用户的国家、城市、经纬度等信息加入到页面中来。下面是从青岛访问这个js文件返回的内容:
1 |
function geoip_country_code() { return 'CN' ; } |
2 |
function geoip_country_name() { return 'China' ; } |
3 |
function geoip_city() { return 'Qingdao' ; } |
4 |
function geoip_region() { return '25' ; } |
5 |
function geoip_region_name() { return 'Shandong' ; } |
6 |
function geoip_latitude() { return '36.0986' ; } |
7 |
function geoip_longitude() { return '120.3719' ; } |
8 |
function geoip_postal_code() { return '' ; } |
我们就可以利用这些信息做很多东西了:DEMO
另外,腾讯也有一个类似的接口,地址为 http://fw.qq.com/ipaddress,可以得到访问者的省、市信息,返回的格式如下:
1 |
var IPData = new Array( "123.235.153.126" , "" , "山东省" , "青岛市" ); |
具体的应用可以看这里: 断桥残雪WordPress天气插件
2.W3C共享位置接口
HTML5加入了的贡献地理位置的浏览器API接口,目前firefox3.5等浏览器已经支持这一功能。
用法:
01 |
// if the browser supports the w3c geo api |
02 |
if (navigator.geolocation){ |
03 |
// get the current position |
04 |
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition( |
05 |
06 |
// if this was successful, get the latitude and longitude |
07 |
function (position){ |
08 |
var lat = position.coords.latitude; |
09 |
var lon = position.coords.longitude; |
10 |
}, |
11 |
// if there was an error |
12 |
function (error){ |
13 |
alert( 'ouch' ); |
14 |
}); |
15 |
} |
看 DEMO
3. Google Gears 的 Geolocation API
Google Gears 是主 要提供本地存储功能的浏览器扩展,新版本的Gears中,加入了判断用户地理位置的API,通过IP、WIFI热点等判断位置。不过Gears的使用似乎 并不太广泛(Chrome内置了Gears,其他浏览器需要安装),国内的地理位置信息也不够丰富,所以这个应用目前只可作为参考。
使用Gears的基本方法看这里 ,引入gears_init.js ,使用Geolocation API的程序为:
1 |
var geo = factory.create( 'beta.geolocation' ); //创建geolocation对象 |
2 |
var okCallback = function (d){ |
3 |
alert( '当前位置(纬度,经度): ' + d.latitude + ',' + d.longitude); |
4 |
}; |
5 |
var errorCallback = function (err){ |
6 |
alert(err.message); |
7 |
}; |
8 |
geo.getCurrentPosition(okCallback , errorCallback); |
更多内容参考这篇文章:使用Gears获取当前地理位置 ,以及DEMO 。
4.逆经纬度解析
通过浏览器API等方式得到经纬度后,有时需要得到对应的城市名,这就是逆经纬度解析。
google maps api提供了一些经纬度解析方法,如果我们不想引入庞大的api,可以直接使用他的请求地址,通过jsonp方式得到google的经纬度解析数据 。jsonp请求地址形式为:
http://ditu.google.cn/maps/geo?
output=json&oe=utf-8&q=纬度%2C经度
&key=你申请到的key
&mapclient=jsapi&hl=zh-CN&callback=myfunction
参数q为经纬度,参数callback为回调函数名。
可以看下这个地址 的返回结果,数据非常丰富,并且还是中文的:
001 |
myfunction && myfunction( { |
002 |
"name" : "36.06023, 120.3024" , |
003 |
"Status" : { |
004 |
"code" : 200, |
005 |
"request" : "geocode" |
006 |
}, |
007 |
"Placemark" : [ { |
008 |
"id" : "p1" , |
009 |
"address" : "中国山东省青岛市市南区台西三路6号-10号" , |
010 |
"AddressDetails" : { |
011 |
"Accuracy" : 8, |
012 |
"Country" : { |
013 |
"AdministrativeArea" : { |
014 |
"AdministrativeAreaName" : "山东省" , |
015 |
"Locality" : { |
016 |
"DependentLocality" : { |
017 |
"DependentLocalityName" : "市南区" , |
018 |
"Thoroughfare" : { |
019 |
"ThoroughfareName" : "台西三路6号-10号" |
020 |
} |
021 |
}, |
022 |
"LocalityName" : "青岛市" |
023 |
} |
024 |
}, |
025 |
"CountryName" : "中国" , |
026 |
"CountryNameCode" : "CN" |
027 |
} |
028 |
}, |
029 |
"ExtendedData" : { |
030 |
"LatLonBox" : { |
031 |
"north" : 36.0633254, |
032 |
"south" : 36.0570301, |
033 |
"east" : 120.3054361, |
034 |
"west" : 120.2991409 |
035 |
} |
036 |
}, |
037 |
"Point" : { |
038 |
"coordinates" : [ 120.3024027, 36.0602271, 0 ] |
039 |
} |
040 |
}, { |
041 |
"id" : "p2" , |
042 |
"address" : "中国山东省青岛市市南区台西三路8号阿双美容美发厅" , |
043 |
"AddressDetails" : { |
044 |
"Accuracy" : 9, |
045 |
"Country" : { |
046 |
"AdministrativeArea" : { |
047 |
"AdministrativeAreaName" : "山东省" , |
048 |
"Locality" : { |
049 |
"DependentLocality" : { |
050 |
"AddressLine" : [ "阿双美容美发厅" ], |
051 |
"DependentLocalityName" : "市南区" , |
052 |
"Thoroughfare" : { |
053 |
"ThoroughfareName" : "台西三路8号" |
054 |
} |
055 |
}, |
056 |
"LocalityName" : "青岛市" |
057 |
} |
058 |
}, |
059 |
"CountryName" : "中国" , |
060 |
"CountryNameCode" : "CN" |
061 |
} |
062 |
}, |
063 |
"ExtendedData" : { |
064 |
"LatLonBox" : { |
065 |
"north" : 36.0632366, |
066 |
"south" : 36.0569414, |
067 |
"east" : 120.3055696, |
068 |
"west" : 120.2992744 |
069 |
} |
070 |
}, |
071 |
"Point" : { |
072 |
"coordinates" : [ 120.3024220, 36.0600890, 0 ] |
073 |
} |
074 |
}, { |
075 |
"id" : "p3" , |
076 |
"address" : "中国青岛市市南区台西四路站" , |
077 |
"AddressDetails" : { |
078 |
"Accuracy" : 9, |
079 |
"AddressLine" : [ "台西四路站" ] |
080 |
}, |
081 |
"ExtendedData" : { |
082 |
"LatLonBox" : { |
083 |
"north" : 36.0630636, |
084 |
"south" : 36.0567684, |
085 |
"east" : 120.3063986, |
086 |
"west" : 120.3001034 |
087 |
} |
088 |
}, |
089 |
"Point" : { |
090 |
"coordinates" : [ 120.3032510, 36.0599160, 0 ] |
091 |
} |
092 |
}, { |
093 |
"id" : "p4" , |
094 |
"address" : "中国青岛市市南区云南路(台西四路口)站" , |
095 |
"AddressDetails" : { |
096 |
"Accuracy" : 9, |
097 |
"AddressLine" : [ "云南路(台西四路口)站" ] |
098 |
}, |
099 |
"ExtendedData" : { |
100 |
"LatLonBox" : { |
101 |
"north" : 36.0643586, |
102 |
"south" : 36.0580634, |
103 |
"east" : 120.3073456, |
104 |
"west" : 120.3010504 |
105 |
} |
106 |
}, |
107 |
"Point" : { |
108 |
"coordinates" : [ 120.3041980, 36.0612110, 0 ] |
109 |
} |
110 |
}, { |
111 |
"id" : "p5" , |
112 |
"address" : "中国青岛市市南区贵州路站" , |
113 |
"AddressDetails" : { |
114 |
"Accuracy" : 9, |
115 |
"AddressLine" : [ "贵州路站" ] |
116 |
}, |
117 |
"ExtendedData" : { |
118 |
"LatLonBox" : { |
119 |
"north" : 36.0614856, |
120 |
"south" : 36.0551904, |
121 |
"east" : 120.3036956, |
122 |
"west" : 120.2974004 |
123 |
} |
124 |
}, |
125 |
"Point" : { |
126 |
"coordinates" : [ 120.3005480, 36.0583380, 0 ] |
127 |
} |
128 |
}, { |
129 |
"id" : "p6" , |
130 |
"address" : "中国青岛市市南区团岛站" , |
131 |
"AddressDetails" : { |
132 |
"Accuracy" : 9, |
133 |
"AddressLine" : [ "团岛站" ] |
134 |
}, |
135 |
"ExtendedData" : { |
136 |
"LatLonBox" : { |
137 |
"north" : 36.0629146, |
138 |
"south" : 36.0566194, |
139 |
"east" : 120.3022496, |
140 |
"west" : 120.2959544 |
141 |
} |
142 |
}, |
143 |
"Point" : { |
144 |
"coordinates" : [ 120.2991020, 36.0597670, 0 ] |
145 |
} |
146 |
}, { |
147 |
"id" : "p7" , |
148 |
"address" : "中国山东省青岛市市南区团岛四路海湾花园" , |
149 |
"AddressDetails" : { |
150 |
"Accuracy" : 9, |
151 |
"Country" : { |
152 |
"AdministrativeArea" : { |
153 |
"AdministrativeAreaName" : "山东省" , |
154 |
"Locality" : { |
155 |
"DependentLocality" : { |
156 |
"AddressLine" : [ "海湾花园" ], |
157 |
"DependentLocalityName" : "市南区" , |
158 |
"Thoroughfare" : { |
159 |
"ThoroughfareName" : "团岛四路" |
160 |
} |
161 |
}, |
162 |
"LocalityName" : "青岛市" |
163 |
} |
164 |
}, |
165 |
"CountryName" : "中国" , |
166 |
"CountryNameCode" : "CN" |
167 |
} |
168 |
}, |
169 |
"ExtendedData" : { |
170 |
"LatLonBox" : { |
171 |
"north" : 36.0642706, |
172 |
"south" : 36.0579754, |
173 |
"east" : 120.3006386, |
174 |
"west" : 120.2943434 |
175 |
} |
176 |
}, |
177 |
"Point" : { |
178 |
"coordinates" : [ 120.2974910, 36.0611230, 0 ] |
179 |
} |
180 |
}, { |
181 |
"id" : "p8" , |
182 |
"address" : "中国山东省青岛市市南区" , |
183 |
"AddressDetails" : { |
184 |
"Accuracy" : 4, |
185 |
"Country" : { |
186 |
"AdministrativeArea" : { |
187 |
"AdministrativeAreaName" : "山东省" , |
188 |
"Locality" : { |
189 |
"DependentLocality" : { |
190 |
"DependentLocalityName" : "市南区" |
191 |
}, |
192 |
"LocalityName" : "青岛市" |
193 |
} |
194 |
}, |
195 |
"CountryName" : "中国" , |
196 |
"CountryNameCode" : "CN" |
197 |
} |
198 |
}, |
199 |
"ExtendedData" : { |
200 |
"LatLonBox" : { |
201 |
"north" : 36.0954205, |
202 |
"south" : 36.0413849, |
203 |
"east" : 120.4266629, |
204 |
"west" : 120.2858189 |
205 |
} |
206 |
}, |
207 |
"Point" : { |
208 |
"coordinates" : [ 120.3877350, 36.0667110, 0 ] |
209 |
} |
210 |
}, { |
211 |
"id" : "p9" , |
212 |
"address" : "中国山东省青岛市" , |
213 |
"AddressDetails" : { |
214 |
"Accuracy" : 4, |
215 |
"Country" : { |
216 |
"AdministrativeArea" : { |
217 |
"AdministrativeAreaName" : "山东省" , |
218 |
"Locality" : { |
219 |
"LocalityName" : "青岛市" |
220 |
} |
221 |
}, |
222 |
"CountryName" : "中国" , |
223 |
"CountryNameCode" : "CN" |
224 |
} |
225 |
}, |
226 |
"ExtendedData" : { |
227 |
"LatLonBox" : { |
228 |
"north" : 36.3313685, |
229 |
"south" : 35.9407727, |
230 |
"east" : 120.6326294, |
231 |
"west" : 120.0970459 |
232 |
} |
233 |
}, |
234 |
"Point" : { |
235 |
"coordinates" : [ 120.3827710, 36.0663480, 0 ] |
236 |
} |
237 |
}, { |
238 |
"id" : "p10" , |
239 |
"address" : "中国山东省" , |
240 |
"AddressDetails" : { |
241 |
"Accuracy" : 2, |
242 |
"Country" : { |
243 |
"AdministrativeArea" : { |
244 |
"AdministrativeAreaName" : "山东省" |
245 |
}, |
246 |
"CountryName" : "中国" , |
247 |
"CountryNameCode" : "CN" |
248 |
} |
249 |
}, |
250 |
"ExtendedData" : { |
251 |
"LatLonBox" : { |
252 |
"north" : 38.4055838, |
253 |
"south" : 34.3851760, |
254 |
"east" : 122.7159599, |
255 |
"west" : 114.8033683 |
256 |
} |
257 |
}, |
258 |
"Point" : { |
259 |
"coordinates" : [ 117.0198960, 36.6692270, 0 ] |
260 |
} |
261 |
} ] |
262 |
} |
263 |
) |
Yahoo提供的接口
雅虎提供了一些经纬度查询接口,可以使用YQL 查询。
查询语句为:
1 |
select * from flickr.places where lat=36.06023 and lon=120.3024 |
用法:
01 |
<script type= "text/javascript" charset= "utf-8" > |
02 |
function getPlaceFromFlickr(lat,lon,callback){ |
03 |
// the YQL statement |
04 |
var yql = 'select * from flickr.places where lat=' +lat+ ' and lon=' +lon; |
05 |
06 |
// assembling the YQL webservice API |
07 |
var url = 'http://query.yahooapis.com/v1/public/yql?q= ' + |
08 |
encodeURIComponent(yql)+ '&format=json&diagnostics=' + |
09 |
'false&callback=' +callback; |
10 |
11 |
// create a new script node and add it to the document |
12 |
var s = document.createElement( 'script' ); |
13 |
s.setAttribute( 'src' ,url); |
14 |
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild(s); |
15 |
}; |
16 |
17 |
// callback in case there is a place found |
18 |
function output(o){ |
19 |
if ( typeof (o.query.results.places.place) != 'undefined' ){ |
20 |
alert(o.query.results.places.place.name); |
21 |
} |
22 |
} |
23 |
24 |
// call the function with my current lat/lon |
25 |
getPlaceFromFlickr(36.6692270,117.0198960, 'output' ); |
26 |
</script> |
使用YQL进行更多地理信息查询,可以看这个PPT:YQL Geo Library and Introduction to Geo Hacking talk
5.经纬度解析
经纬度解析就是通过地名取得经纬度数据,同样利用google那个请求地址,可以实现这一功能,请求地址格式为:
http://ditu.google.cn/maps/geo?output=json&oe=utf-8
&q=地名的url encode编码
&key=你申请到的key
&mapclient=jsapi&hl=zh-CN&callback=myfunction
参数q为encodeURI(“中国山东省青岛市市北区”),callback是jsonp回调函数名。
举个例子 ,返回结果:
01 |
myfunction && myfunction( { |
02 |
"name" : "中国山东省青岛市市北区" , |
03 |
"Status" : { |
04 |
"code" : 200, |
05 |
"request" : "geocode" |
06 |
}, |
07 |
"Placemark" : [ { |
08 |
"id" : "p1" , |
09 |
"address" : "中国山东省青岛市市北区" , |
10 |
"AddressDetails" : { |
11 |
"Accuracy" : 4, |
12 |
"Country" : { |
13 |
"AdministrativeArea" : { |
14 |
"AdministrativeAreaName" : "山东省" , |
15 |
"Locality" : { |
16 |
"DependentLocality" : { |
17 |
"DependentLocalityName" : "市北区" |
18 |
}, |
19 |
"LocalityName" : "青岛市" |
20 |
} |
21 |
}, |
22 |
"CountryName" : "中国" , |
23 |
"CountryNameCode" : "CN" |
24 |
} |
25 |
}, |
26 |
"ExtendedData" : { |
27 |
"LatLonBox" : { |
28 |
"north" : 36.1237216, |
29 |
"south" : 36.0515859, |
30 |
"east" : 120.4388307, |
31 |
"west" : 120.3107713 |
32 |
} |
33 |
}, |
34 |
"Point" : { |
35 |
"coordinates" : [ 120.3748010, 36.0876620, 0 ] |
36 |
} |
37 |
} ] |
38 |
} |
39 |
) |
6.google maps 图片接口
有时候我们只想展示简单的地图,不需要交互和拖动,可以通过google maps提供的静态地图API 引入动态生成的地图图片,不过需要为你的域名申请一个key。
引入图片的url格式为:
01 |
http: //maps.google.com/maps/api/staticmap? |
02 |
03 |
sensor= false |
04 |
&size=200x200 |
05 |
&maptype=roadmap |
06 |
&key=<em>你申请到的KEY</em> |
07 |
&markers=color:blue|label:1|37.4447,-122.161 |
08 |
&markers=color:red|label:2|37.3385,-121.886 |
09 |
&markers=color:green|label:3|37.3716,-122.038 |
10 |
&markers=color:yellow|label:4|37.7792,-122.42 |
得到图片:
后记
关于地图的更多操作,可以参见以前的这篇文章:Google Maps Api介绍与基础操作 。
随着互联网的发展,越来越多的功能可以在前端实现,出现了越来越多的强大的第三方服务,我们可以很方便的在我们的网站上加入一些实用的功能。这也许就是web2.0的魅力吧。