要把 “2011-11-29” 改写成 “2011/11/29”一开始想用ios的时间格式,后来用NSString的方法搞定。
[string stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"-"withString:@"/"]; 一句话搞定。 发现NSString还是很值得研究下,于是做做笔记。
1.创建NSString字符串
NSString 与 char* 最大的区别就是 NSString是一个objective对象,而char* 是一个字节数组。@+" 字符串 " 这个符号为objective-c NSString 字符串常量的标准用法,char* 创建的时候 无需添加@
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- [super viewDidLoad];
- //经典的字符串赋值
- NSString *str0 = @"my name is justcoding !";
- //字符串格式化合并分别包括
- //NSString*类型 int类型 char*类型
- NSString *str1 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"我的名字:%@ 我的年龄:%d 我的邮箱:%s",@"justcoding", 25,"justcoding@gmail.com"];
- //字符串赋值 参数中只可以写一个字符串 和第一种很像
- NSString *str2 = [NSString stringWithString:@"我是字符串"];
- //字符串转换为utf-8格式 参数为char*类型
- NSString *str3 = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:"字符串转换utf-8格式"];
- //字符串合并
- int i = 100;
- char*c = "xuanyusong";
- NSString *temp = @"我是临时字符串";
- //在字符串temp的基础继续添加 int i 与 char* c 组成一个新的字符串
- NSString *str4 = [temp stringByAppendingFormat:@"整型: %d 字符型 :%s",i,c];
- //在字符串temp的基础继续添加temp 并组成一个新的字符串
- NSString *str5 = [temp stringByAppendingString:temp];
- //字符串输出
- NSLog(@"str0 = %@", str0);
- NSLog(@"str1 = %@", str1);
- NSLog(@"str2 = %@", str2);
- NSLog(@"str3 = %@", str3);
- NSLog(@"str4 = %@", str4);
- NSLog(@"str5 = %@", str5);
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad]; //经典的字符串赋值
NSString *str0 = @"my name is justcoding !"; //字符串格式化合并分别包括
//NSString*类型 int类型 char*类型
NSString *str1 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"我的名字:%@ 我的年龄:%d 我的邮箱:%s",@"justcoding", 25,"justcoding@gmail.com"]; //字符串赋值 参数中只可以写一个字符串 和第一种很像
NSString *str2 = [NSString stringWithString:@"我是字符串"]; //字符串转换为utf-8格式 参数为char*类型
NSString *str3 = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:"字符串转换utf-8格式"]; //字符串合并
int i = 100;
char*c = "xuanyusong";
NSString *temp = @"我是临时字符串"; //在字符串temp的基础继续添加 int i 与 char* c 组成一个新的字符串
NSString *str4 = [temp stringByAppendingFormat:@"整型: %d 字符型 :%s",i,c]; //在字符串temp的基础继续添加temp 并组成一个新的字符串
NSString *str5 = [temp stringByAppendingString:temp]; //字符串输出
NSLog(@"str0 = %@", str0);
NSLog(@"str1 = %@", str1);
NSLog(@"str2 = %@", str2);
NSLog(@"str3 = %@", str3);
NSLog(@"str4 = %@", str4);
NSLog(@"str5 = %@", str5); }
2.字符串的遍历
每一个字符串其实是由若干个char字符组成,字符串的遍历实际上就是将字符串中的每一个字符提取出来。
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- [super viewDidLoad];
- //经典的字符串赋值
- NSString *str = @"YUSONGMOMO";
- //字符串的长度
- int count = [str length];
- NSLog(@"字符串的长度是%d",count);
- //遍历字符串中的每一个字符
- for(int i =0; i < count; i++)
- char c = [str characterAtIndex:i];
- NSLog(@"字符串第 %d 位为 %c",i,c);
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad]; //经典的字符串赋值
NSString *str = @"YUSONGMOMO"; //字符串的长度
int count = [str length]; NSLog(@"字符串的长度是%d",count); //遍历字符串中的每一个字符
for(int i =0; i < count; i++)
{
char c = [str characterAtIndex:i];
NSLog(@"字符串第 %d 位为 %c",i,c);
} }
3.字符串的比较
isEqualToString 比较字符串是否完全相等,大小写不一样也无法完全匹配。
hasPrefixe 匹配字符串头
haSuffix 匹配字符串的尾巴
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- [super viewDidLoad];
- NSString *str0 = @"justcoding";
- NSString *str1 = @"justcoding";
- //字符串完全相等比较
- if([str0 isEqualToString:str1])
- NSLog(@"字符串完全相等");
- //字符串以开头比较
- if([str0 hasPrefix:@"just"])
- NSLog(@"字符串str0以just开头");
- //字符串以结尾比较
- if([str1 hasSuffix:@"coding"])
- NSLog(@"str1字符串以coding结尾");
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad]; NSString *str0 = @"justcoding";
NSString *str1 = @"justcoding"; //字符串完全相等比较
if([str0 isEqualToString:str1])
{
NSLog(@"字符串完全相等");
} //字符串以开头比较
if([str0 hasPrefix:@"just"])
{
NSLog(@"字符串str0以just开头");
} //字符串以结尾比较
if([str1 hasSuffix:@"coding"])
{
NSLog(@"str1字符串以coding结尾");
}
}
- //isEqualToString方法
- NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
- NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
- BOOL result = [astring01 isEqualToString:astring02];
- NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
//isEqualToString方法
NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 isEqualToString:astring02];
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
- //compare方法(comparer返回的三种值)
- NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
- NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
- BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;
- NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
- //NSOrderedSame 判断两者内容是否相同
//compare方法(comparer返回的三种值)
NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
//NSOrderedSame 判断两者内容是否相同
- NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
- NSString *astring02 = @"this is a String!";
- BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedAscending;
- NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
- //NSOrderedAscending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02大于astring01为真)
NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"this is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedAscending;
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
//NSOrderedAscending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02大于astring01为真)
- NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
- NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
- BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedDescending;
- NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
- //NSOrderedDescending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02小于astring01为真)
NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedDescending;
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
//NSOrderedDescending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02小于astring01为真)
- //不考虑大 小写比较字符串1
- NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
- NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
- BOOL result = [astring01 caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;
- NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
- //NSOrderedDescending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02小于astring01为 真)
//不考虑大 小写比较字符串1
NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
//NSOrderedDescending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02小于astring01为 真)
- //不考虑大小写比较字符串2
- NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
- NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
- BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02 options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch] = = NSOrderedSame;
- NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
- //NSCaseInsensitiveSearch:不区分大小写比较 NSLiteralSearch:进行完全比较,区分大小写 NSNumericSearch:比较字符串的字符个数,而不是字符值。
//不考虑大小写比较字符串2
NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02 options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch] = = NSOrderedSame;
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
//NSCaseInsensitiveSearch:不区分大小写比较 NSLiteralSearch:进行完全比较,区分大小写 NSNumericSearch:比较字符串的字符个数,而不是字符值。
判断的方法可以利用 NSString 类别中 caseInsensitiveCompare: 所回传 -1、0 或是 1 的数值,判定两个字串之间得排序关系,其程式玛如下。
- NSString *string = @"0";
- NSComparisonResult result = [string caseInsensitiveCompare:@"A"];
- switch (result) {
- case NSOrderedAscending:
- NSLog(@"升幂");
- break;
- case NSOrderedSame:
- NSLog(@"忽略大小写相同的字串");
- break;
- case NSOrderedDescending:
- NSLog(@"降幂");
- break;
- default:
- NSLog(@"无法判定");
- break;
NSString *string = @"0";
NSComparisonResult result = [string caseInsensitiveCompare:@"A"]; switch (result) {
case NSOrderedAscending:
NSLog(@"升幂");
break; case NSOrderedSame:
NSLog(@"忽略大小写相同的字串");
break; case NSOrderedDescending:
NSLog(@"降幂");
break; default:
NSLog(@"无法判定");
break;
}
4. 文件字符串操作(读写)
- //从文件读取字符串:initWithContentsOfFile方法
- NSString *path = @"astring.text";
- NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];
- NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
- [astring release]; //astring=nil;
//从文件读取字符串:initWithContentsOfFile方法
NSString *path = @"astring.text";
NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release]; //astring=nil;
- //写字符串到文件:writeToFile方法
- NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];
- NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
- NSString *path = @"astring.text";
- [astring writeToFile: path atomically: YES];
- [astring release]; //astring=nil;
//写字符串到文件:writeToFile方法
NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
NSString *path = @"astring.text";
[astring writeToFile: path atomically: YES];
[astring release]; //astring=nil;
* ios5 不支持release iOS应用开发:什么是ARC?
- //扩展路径
- NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
- NSString *absolutePath = [Path stringByExpandingTildeInPath];
- NSLog(@"absolutePath:%@",absolutePath);
- NSLog(@"Path:%@",[absolutePath stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath]);
//扩展路径
NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
NSString *absolutePath = [Path stringByExpandingTildeInPath];
NSLog(@"absolutePath:%@",absolutePath);
NSLog(@"Path:%@",[absolutePath stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath]);
- //文件扩展名
- NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
- NSLog(@"Extension:%@",[Path pathExtension]);
//文件扩展名
NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
NSLog(@"Extension:%@",[Path pathExtension]);
5. 字符串的截取和大小写
- //改变字符串的大小写
- NSString *string1 = @"A String";
- NSString *string2 = @"String";
- NSLog(@"string1:%@",[string1 uppercaseString]);//大写
- NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 lowercaseString]);//小写
- NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 capitalizedString]);//首字母大小
//改变字符串的大小写
NSString *string1 = @"A String";
NSString *string2 = @"String";
NSLog(@"string1:%@",[string1 uppercaseString]);//大写
NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 lowercaseString]);//小写
NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 capitalizedString]);//首字母大小
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- [super viewDidLoad];
- NSString *str0 = @"中文my name is xuanyusong";
- //截取字符串起始点到index为4之间的内容
- NSString * to = [str0 substringToIndex:4];
- NSLog(@"to = %@",to);
- //截取字符index为2 到结尾之间的内容
- NSString * from = [str0 substringFromIndex:2];
- NSLog(@"from = %@",from);
- //设置截取字符串的范围
- //从第二位开始,长度为十
- NSRange rang = NSMakeRange(2, 10);
- NSString * strRang = [str0 substringWithRange:rang];
- NSLog(@"rang = %@",strRang);
- //设置字符串首字母大写
- NSLog(@"str0首字母大写:%@",[str0 capitalizedString]);
- //设置字符串全部内容为大写
- NSLog(@"str0大写:%@",[str0 uppercaseString]);
- //设置字符全部内容为小写
- NSLog(@"str0小写:%@",[str0 lowercaseString]);
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad]; NSString *str0 = @"中文my name is xuanyusong"; //截取字符串起始点到index为4之间的内容
NSString * to = [str0 substringToIndex:4]; NSLog(@"to = %@",to); //截取字符index为2 到结尾之间的内容
NSString * from = [str0 substringFromIndex:2]; NSLog(@"from = %@",from); //设置截取字符串的范围
//从第二位开始,长度为十
NSRange rang = NSMakeRange(2, 10);
NSString * strRang = [str0 substringWithRange:rang];
NSLog(@"rang = %@",strRang); //设置字符串首字母大写
NSLog(@"str0首字母大写:%@",[str0 capitalizedString]);
//设置字符串全部内容为大写
NSLog(@"str0大写:%@",[str0 uppercaseString]);
//设置字符全部内容为小写
NSLog(@"str0小写:%@",[str0 lowercaseString]); }
6.搜索字符串与替换字符串
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- [super viewDidLoad];
- NSString *str0 = @"中文my name is xuanyusong";
- NSString *temp = @"is";
- NSRange rang = [str0 rangeOfString:temp];
- NSLog(@"搜索的字符串在str0中起始点的index 为 %d", rang.location);
- NSLog(@"搜索的字符串在str0中结束点的index 为 %d", rang.location + rang.length);
- //将搜索中的字符串替换成为一个新的字符串
- NSString *str = [str0 stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:rang withString:@"哇咔咔卡卡咔"];
- NSLog(@"替换后字符串为%@", str);
- //将字符串中" " 全部替换成 *
- str = [str0 stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString :@" " withString:@"@"];
- NSLog(@"替换后字符串为%@", str);
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad]; NSString *str0 = @"中文my name is xuanyusong";
NSString *temp = @"is";
NSRange rang = [str0 rangeOfString:temp]; NSLog(@"搜索的字符串在str0中起始点的index 为 %d", rang.location);
NSLog(@"搜索的字符串在str0中结束点的index 为 %d", rang.location + rang.length); //将搜索中的字符串替换成为一个新的字符串
NSString *str = [str0 stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:rang withString:@"哇咔咔卡卡咔"];
NSLog(@"替换后字符串为%@", str); //将字符串中" " 全部替换成 *
str = [str0 stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString :@" " withString:@"@"];
NSLog(@"替换后字符串为%@", str); }
拓展:使用下面这个方法整体替换字符串还可以设置替换的区域。
stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)withString:(NSString *) options:(NSStringCompareOptions) range:(NSRange)
7.字符串尾部添加
使用alloc在内存中创建字符串对象后边可以动态的操作这个字符串,修改与添加等。
appendstring 方法:向字符串尾部添加一个字符串。
appendFormat方法:向字符串尾部添加多个类型的字符串,可以添加任意数量与类型的字符串。
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- [super viewDidLoad];
- NSMutableString * str = [[NSMutableString alloc] init];
- //添加普通的字符串
- [str appendString:@"aaa"];
- //添加字符串 整型 字符型
- [str appendFormat:@"我的名字:%@ 我的年龄:%d 我的邮箱:%s",@"justcoding", 25,"justcoding@gmail.com"];
- NSLog(@"str = %@",str);
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad]; NSMutableString * str = [[NSMutableString alloc] init]; //添加普通的字符串
[str appendString:@"aaa"]; //添加字符串 整型 字符型
[str appendFormat:@"我的名字:%@ 我的年龄:%d 我的邮箱:%s",@"justcoding", 25,"justcoding@gmail.com"]; NSLog(@"str = %@",str); }
8. 字符串中删除元素
stringWithString 方法:用于创建字符串初始化赋值
rangeOfString方法:传入字符串返回一个在该字符串中的范围 也可以写 NSMakeRange(0, 3) 意思是范围在字符串0位到第3位
deleteCharactersInRange:删除字符串 参数为Range 就是删除的范围。
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- [super viewDidLoad];
- //创建字符串
- NSMutableString *str = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"justcoding is best!"];
- //删除字符串中含"justcoding"的字符
- [str deleteCharactersInRange: [str rangeOfString: @"justcoding"]];
- NSLog(@"str = %@",str);
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad]; //创建字符串
NSMutableString *str = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"justcoding is best!"]; //删除字符串中含"justcoding"的字符
[str deleteCharactersInRange: [str rangeOfString: @"justcoding"]]; NSLog(@"str = %@",str); }
9. 字符串插入
stringWithString 方法:用于创建字符串初始化赋值
insertString方法:第一个参数 插入的字符串对象, 第二个参数 插入的位置。
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- [super viewDidLoad];
- //创建字符串
- NSMutableString *str = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"justcoding is"];
- //在str第10位插入字符串
- [str insertString:@"best man" atIndex:10];
- NSLog(@"str = %@",str);
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad]; //创建字符串
NSMutableString *str = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"justcoding is"]; //在str第10位插入字符串
[str insertString:@"best man" atIndex:10]; NSLog(@"str = %@",str); }
10. 字符串拷贝
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- [super viewDidLoad];
- //创建字符串
- NSMutableString *str1 = [NSMutableString stringWithString: @"字符串1"];
- NSMutableString *str2;
- //字符串赋值
- str2 = str1;
- [str2 appendString: @" 和字符串2"];
- NSLog (@"str1 = %@", str1);
- NSLog (@"str2 = %@", str2);
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad]; //创建字符串
NSMutableString *str1 = [NSMutableString stringWithString: @"字符串1"];
NSMutableString *str2; //字符串赋值
str2 = str1; [str2 appendString: @" 和字符串2"]; NSLog (@"str1 = %@", str1); NSLog (@"str2 = %@", str2);
}
为什么给str2添加数据后 str1的数据也改变了?这就是指针的魅力所在,因为我们操作的是指针,str2 = str1 意思是两个指针同时指向一块内存,那么str2指向的内存内容改变以后str1当然跟着改变了。
11. 字符串与指定类型转换
如果转换的参数非法的话不会抛出异常,好比用中文去转整型。不会报错 但是转换结果为 0 ,默认值。
- - (void)viewDidLoad
- [super viewDidLoad];
- //字符串转整型
- NSString *str0 = @"1121";
- //NSString *str0 = @"中国";
- //把字符串强转成整型
- int i = [str0 intValue];
- NSLog (@"转换后:%i", i);
- //字符串转interger
- NSString *str1 = @"1985";
- // NSString *str1 = @"中国";
- //把字符串强转成interger
- NSInteger ii = [str1 integerValue];
- NSLog (@"转换后:%i", ii);
- //字符串转double
- NSString *str2 = @"3.145926";
- //NSString *str2 = @"中国";
- //把字符串强转成double
- double d = [str2 doubleValue];
- NSLog (@"转换后:%f", d);
- //字符串转float
- NSString *str3 = @"3.145926";
- //NSString *str3 = @"中国";
- //把字符串强转成float
- double f = [str3 floatValue];
- NSLog (@"转换后:%f", f);
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad]; //字符串转整型
NSString *str0 = @"1121";
//NSString *str0 = @"中国"; //把字符串强转成整型
int i = [str0 intValue]; NSLog (@"转换后:%i", i); //字符串转interger
NSString *str1 = @"1985";
// NSString *str1 = @"中国"; //把字符串强转成interger
NSInteger ii = [str1 integerValue]; NSLog (@"转换后:%i", ii); //字符串转double
NSString *str2 = @"3.145926";
//NSString *str2 = @"中国"; //把字符串强转成double
double d = [str2 doubleValue]; NSLog (@"转换后:%f", d); //字符串转float
NSString *str3 = @"3.145926";
//NSString *str3 = @"中国";
//把字符串强转成float
double f = [str3 floatValue]; NSLog (@"转换后:%f", f); }