Java并发编程原理与实战五：创建线程的多种方式

时间：2024-06-26 15:36:14

一、继承Thread类

public class Demo1 extends Thread {

    public Demo1(String name) {

        super(name);

    }

    @Override

    public void run() {

        while(!interrupted()) {

            System.out.println(getName() + "线程执行了 .. ");

            try {

                Thread.sleep(200);

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Demo1 d1 = new Demo1("first-thread");

        Demo1 d2 = new Demo1("second-thread");

        d1.start();

        d2.start();

//        d1.stop();

        d1.interrupt();

    }

}

二、实现Runnable 接口

/**

 * 作为线程任务存在

 *

 * @author worker

 *

 */

public class Demo2 implements Runnable {

    @Override

    public void run() {

        while(true) {

            System.out.println("thread running ...");

        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Thread thread = new Thread(new Demo2());

        thread.start();

    }

}

三、匿名内部类的方式

public class Demo3 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        /*new Thread() {

            public void run() {

                System.out.println("thread start ..");

            };

        }.start();*/

        /*new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override

            public void run() {

                System.out.println("thread start ..");

            }

        }).start();*/

        new Thread(new Runnable() {

            @Override

            public void run() {

                System.out.println("runnable");

            }

        }) {

            public void run() {

                System.out.println("sub");

            };

        }.start();

    }

}

四、带返回值的线程

import java.util.concurrent.Callable;

import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;

public class Demo4 implements Callable<Integer> {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Demo4 d = new Demo4();

        FutureTask<Integer> task = new FutureTask<>(d);

        Thread t = new Thread(task);

        t.start();

        System.out.println("我先干点别的。。。");

        Integer result = task.get();

        System.out.println("线程执行的结果为：" + result);

    }

    @Override

    public Integer call() throws Exception {

        System.out.println("正在进行紧张的计算....");

        Thread.sleep(3000);

        return 1;

    }

}

五、定时器

import java.util.Timer;

import java.util.TimerTask;

public class Demo5 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Timer timer = new Timer();

        timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {

            @Override

            public void run() {

                // 实现定时任务

                System.out.println("timertask is run");

            }

        }, 0, 1000);

    }

}

六、线程池的实现

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Demo6 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {

            threadPool.execute(new Runnable() {

                @Override

                public void run() {

                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());

                }

            });

        }

        threadPool.shutdown();

    }

}

七、Lambda表达式实现

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.List;

public class Demo7 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        List<Integer> values = Arrays.asList(10,20,30,40);

        int res = new Demo7().add(values);

        System.out.println("计算的结果为：" + res);

    }

    public int add (List<Integer> values) {

//        values.parallelStream().forEach(System.out :: println);

        return values.parallelStream().mapToInt( i -> i * 2).sum();

    }

}

八、Spring实现多线程

spring通过任务执行器TaskExecutor来实现多线程与并发编程。通常使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor来实现一个基于线程池的TaskExecutor.

首先你要实现AsyncConfigurer 这个接口，目的是开启一个线程池.

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;

import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;

import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;

/**

 * 注入一个线程池

 * @author mingge

 *

 */

@Configuration

@ComponentScan("com.foreveross.service.weixin.test.thread")

@EnableAsync

public class TaskExecutorConfig implements AsyncConfigurer {

    @Override

    public Executor getAsyncExecutor() {

        ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskExecutor=new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();

        taskExecutor.setCorePoolSize(5);

        taskExecutor.setMaxPoolSize(20);

        taskExecutor.setQueueCapacity(25);

        taskExecutor.initialize();

        return taskExecutor;

    }

    @Override

    public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() {

        return null;

    }

}

然后注入一个类，实现你的业务，并在你的Bean的方法中使用@Async注解来声明其是一个异步任务

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**

 * 线程池任务

 * @author mingge

 *

 */

@Service

public class TaskService {

    @Async

    public void executeAsyncTask(int i){

        System.out.println("执行异步任务:"+i);

    }

    @Async

    public void executeAsyncTask1(int i){

        System.out.println("执行异步任务1:"+(i+i));

    }

}

最后通过测试，可以看到你的实现是异步执行了.

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

/**

 *

 * @author mingge

 *

 */

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context=new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TaskExecutorConfig.class);

        TaskService taskService=context.getBean(TaskService.class);

        for(int i=0;i<20;i++){

            taskService.executeAsyncTask(i);

            taskService.executeAsyncTask1(i);

        }

        //最后可以根据结果可以看出结果是并发执行而不是顺序执行的呢

        context.close();

    }

}

方式二：XML方式

spring就提供了ThreadPoolTaskExecutor这个类来实现线程池，线程池是啥，可以理解为数据源，或者有一堆线程的池子也行

在spring配置中我们可以写好如下代码（大致意思都在注释中，不多说了，百度也一堆）：

<bean id="taskExecutor" class="org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor">

         <!-- 核心线程数 -->

        <property name="corePoolSize" value="5" />

        <!-- 最大线程数 -->

        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="10" />

        <!-- 队列最大长度 >=mainExecutor.maxSize -->

        <property name="queueCapacity" value="25" />

        <!-- 线程池维护线程所允许的空闲时间 -->

        <property name="keepAliveSeconds" value="3000" />

        <!-- 线程池对拒绝任务(无线程可用)的处理策略 ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy策略 ,调用者的线程会执行该任务,如果执行器已关闭,则丢弃.  -->

        <property name="rejectedExecutionHandler">

            <bean class="java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$CallerRunsPolicy" />

        </property>

    </bean>

然后定义一个component组件，然后线程的引用就十分简单了，只要把这个线程扔进这个线程池子就行了

@Component

public class FileCutter {

    @Autowired

    private TaskExecutor taskExecutor;

    public void filesMng(String path, String fileName) {

        this.taskExecutor.execute(new CutFilesThread(path,fileName));

    }

    private class CutFilesThread implements Runnable {

        private String path;

        private String fileName;

        private CutFilesThread(String path, String fileName) {

            super();

            this.path = path;

            this.fileName = fileName;

        }

        @Override

        public void run() {

            System.out.println("barry... run...");

//            display(path, fileName);

        }

    }

最后在你所需要的地方就可以调用这个组件了，不论是service还是controller都行

@Autowired

    private FileCutter fileCutter;

    @RequestMapping("/cut")

    @ResponseBody

    public Object cut(){

        fileCutter.filesMng("your path", "your fileName");

        return "success";

    }

另外可以参考：https://blog.****.net/king_kgh/article/details/76022136

参考资料：

龙果学院《Java并发编程原理与实战》

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