一、cookie适配
1.现状
wkwebview适配中最麻烦的就是cookie同步问题
wkwebview采用了独立存储控件,因此和以往的uiwebview并不互通
虽然ios11以后,ios开放了wkhttpcookiestore让开发者去同步,但是还是需要考虑低版本的 同步问题,本章节从各个角度切入考虑cookie同步问题
2.同步cookie(nshttpcookiestorage->wkhttpcookiestore)
ios11+
可以直接使用wkhttpcookiestore遍历方式设值,可以在创建wkwebview时候就同步也可以是请求时候
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// ios11同步 httpcookiestorag到wkhttpcookiestore
wkhttpcookiestore *cookiestore = self.wkwebview.configuration.websitedatastore.httpcookiestore;
- ( void )synccookiestowkcookiestore:(wkhttpcookiestore *)cookiestore api_available(ios(11.0)){
nsarray *cookies = [[nshttpcookiestorage sharedhttpcookiestorage] cookies];
if (cookies.count == 0) return ;
for (nshttpcookie *cookie in cookies) {
[cookiestore setcookie:cookie completionhandler:^{
if ([cookies.lastobject isequal:cookie]) {
[self wkwebviewsetcookiesuccess];
}
}];
}
}
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同步cookie可以在初始化wkwebview的时候,也可以在请求的时候。初始化时候同步可以确保发起html页面请求的时候带上cookie
例如:请求在线页面时候要通过cookie来认证身份,如果不是初始化时同步,可能请求页面时就是401了
ios11-
通过前端执行js注入cookie,在请求时候执行
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//wkwebview执行js
- ( void )injectcookieslt11 {
wkuserscript * cookiescript = [[wkuserscript alloc] initwithsource:[self cookiestring] injectiontime:wkuserscriptinjectiontimeatdocumentstart formainframeonly:no];
[self.wkwebview.configuration.usercontentcontroller adduserscript:cookiescript];
}
//遍历nshttpcookiestorage,拼装js并执行
- (nsstring *)cookiestring {
nsmutablestring *script = [nsmutablestring string];
[script appendstring:@ "var cookienames = document.cookie.split('; ').map(function(cookie) { return cookie.split('=')[0] } );\n" ];
for (nshttpcookie *cookie in nshttpcookiestorage.sharedhttpcookiestorage.cookies) {
// skip cookies that will break our script
if ([cookie.value rangeofstring:@ "'" ].location != nsnotfound) {
continue ;
}
[script appendformat:@ "if (cookienames.indexof('%@') == -1) { document.cookie='%@'; };\n" , cookie.name, [self formatcookie:cookie]];
}
return script;
}
//format cookie的js方法
- (nsstring *)formatcookie:(nshttpcookie *)cookie {
nsstring *string = [nsstring stringwithformat:@ "%@=%@;domain=%@;path=%@" ,
cookie.name,
cookie.value,
cookie.domain,
cookie.path ?: @ "/" ];
if (cookie.secure) {
string = [string stringbyappendingstring:@ ";secure=true" ];
}
return string;
}
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但是上面方法执行js,也无法保证第一个页面请求带有cookie
所以请求时候创建request需要设置cookie,并且loadrequest
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-( void )injectrequestcookielt11:(nsmutableurlrequest*)mutablerequest {
// ios11以下,手动同步所有cookie
nsarray *cookies = nshttpcookiestorage.sharedhttpcookiestorage.cookies;
nsmutablearray *mutablecookies = @[].mutablecopy;
for (nshttpcookie *cookie in cookies) {
[mutablecookies addobject:cookie];
}
// cookies数组转换为requestheaderfields
nsdictionary *requestheaderfields = [nshttpcookie requestheaderfieldswithcookies:(nsarray *)mutablecookies];
// 设置请求头
mutablerequest.allhttpheaderfields = requestheaderfields;
}
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3.反向同步cookie(wkhttpcookiestore->nshttpcookiestorage)
wkwebview产生的cookie也可能在某些场景需要同步给nshttpcookiestorage
ios11+可以直接用wkhttpcookiestore去同步,
ios11-可以采用js端获取,触发bridge同步给nshttpcookiestorage
但是js同步方式无法同步httponly,所以真的遇到了,还是要结合服务器等方式去做这个同步。
二、js和native通信
1.native调用js
将代码准备完毕后调用api即可,回调函数可以接收js执行结果或者错误信息,so easy。
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[self.wkwebview evaluatejavascript:jscode completionhandler:^(id object, nserror *error){}];
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2.注入js
其实就是提前注入一些js方法,可以提供给js端调用。
比如有的框架会将bridge直接通过这种方式注入到wk的执行环境中,而不是从前端引入js,这种好处就是假设前端的js是在线加载,js服务器挂了或者网络问题,这样前端页面就失去了naitve的bridge通信能力了。
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-(instancetype)initwithsource:(nsstring *)source injectiontime:(wkuserscriptinjectiontime)injectiontime formainframeonly:( bool )formainframeonly;
//wkuserscriptinjectiontime说明
typedef ns_enum(nsinteger, wkuserscriptinjectiontime) {
wkuserscriptinjectiontimeatdocumentstart, /**文档开始时候就注入**/
wkuserscriptinjectiontimeatdocumentend /**文档加载完成时注入**/
} api_available(macos(10.10), ios(8.0));
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3.js调用native
3-1.准备代理类
代理类要实现wkscriptmessagehandler
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@interface weakscriptmessagedelegate : nsobject<wkscriptmessagehandler>
@property (nonatomic, weak) id<wkscriptmessagehandler> scriptdelegate;
- (instancetype)initwithdelegate:(id<wkscriptmessagehandler>)scriptdelegate;
@end
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wkscriptmessagehandler就一个方法
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@implementation weakscriptmessagedelegate
- (instancetype)initwithdelegate:(id<wkscriptmessagehandler>)scriptdelegate {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
_scriptdelegate = scriptdelegate;
}
return self;
}
- ( void )usercontentcontroller:(wkusercontentcontroller *)usercontentcontroller didreceivescriptmessage:(wkscriptmessage *)message {
[self.scriptdelegate usercontentcontroller:usercontentcontroller didreceivescriptmessage:message];
}
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3-2.设置代理类
合适时机(一般初始化)设置代理类,并且指定name
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nsstring* messagehandlername = @ "bridge" ;
[config.usercontentcontroller addscriptmessagehandler:[[weakscriptmessagedelegate alloc] initwithdelegate:self] name:messagehandlername];
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3-3.bridge的使用(js端)
执行完上面语句后就会在js端注入了一个对象"window.webkit.messagehandlers.bridge"
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//js端发送消息,参数最好选用string,比较通用
window.webkit.messagehandlers.bridge.postmessage( "type" );
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3-4.native端消息的接收
然后native端可以通过wkscriptmessage的body属性中获得传入的值
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- ( void )usercontentcontroller:(wkusercontentcontroller*)usercontentcontroller didreceivescriptmessage:(wkscriptmessage *)message{
if ([message.name isequaltostring:historybridagename]) {
} else if ([message.name isequaltostring:messagehandlername]) {
[self jstonativeimpl:message.body];
}
}
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3-5.思考题
这里我们为什么要使用weakscriptmessagedelegate,并且再设置个delegate指向self(controller),为什么不直接指向?
提示:可以参考nstimer的循环引用问题
3-6.完整的示例
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-( void )_defaultconfig{
wkwebviewconfiguration* config = [wkwebviewconfiguration new ];
…… ……
…… ……
wkusercontentcontroller* usercontroller = [[wkusercontentcontroller alloc] init];
config.usercontentcontroller = usercontroller;
[self injecthistorybridge:config];
…… ……
…… ……
}
-( void )injecthistorybridge:(wkwebviewconfiguration*)config{
[config.usercontentcontroller addscriptmessagehandler:[[weakscriptmessagedelegate alloc] initwithdelegate:self] name:historybridagename];
nsstring *_jssource = [nsstring stringwithformat:
@ "(function(history) {\n"
" function notify(type) {\n"
" settimeout(function() {\n"
" window.webkit.messagehandlers.%@.postmessage(type)\n"
" }, 0)\n"
" }\n"
" function shim(f) {\n"
" return function pushstate() {\n"
" notify('other')\n"
" return f.apply(history, arguments)\n"
" }\n"
" }\n"
" history.pushstate = shim(history.pushstate)\n"
" history.replacestate = shim(history.replacestate)\n"
" window.addeventlistener('popstate', function() {\n"
" notify('backforward')\n"
" })\n"
"})(window.history)\n" , historybridagename
];
wkuserscript *script = [[wkuserscript alloc] initwithsource:_jssource injectiontime:wkuserscriptinjectiontimeatdocumentstart formainframeonly:yes];
[config.usercontentcontroller adduserscript:script];
}
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3-7.其它问题
在ios8 beta5前,js和native这样通信设置是不行的,所以可以采用生命周期中做url的拦截去解析数据来达到效果,这里不做赘述,可以自行参考网上类似uiwebview的桥接原理文章
三、实战技巧
1.useragent的设置
添加ua
实际过程中最好只是原有ua上做添加操作,全部替换可能导致服务器的拒绝(安全策略)
日志中红线部分是整个模拟器的ua,绿色部门是ua中的applicationname部分
ios9上,wkwebview提供了api可以设置ua中的applicationname
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config.applicationnameforuseragent = [nsstring stringwithformat:@ "%@ %@" , config.applicationnameforuseragent, @ "arleneconfig" ];
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全部替换ua
ios9以上直接可以指定wkwebview的customuseragent,ios9以下的话,设置nsuserdefaults
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if (@available(ios 9.0, *)) {
self.wkwebview.customuseragent = @ "hello my useragent" ;
} else {
[[nsuserdefaults standarduserdefaults] registerdefaults:@{@ "useragent" :@ "hello my useragent" }];
[[nsuserdefaults standarduserdefaults] synchronize];
}
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2.监听进度和页面的title变化
wkwebview可以监控页面加载进度,类似浏览器中打开页面中的进度条的显示
页面切换的时候也会自动更新页面中设置的title,可以在实际项目中动态切换容器的title,比如根据切换的title设置navigationitem.title
原理直接通过kvo方式监听值的变化,然后在回调中处理相关逻辑
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//kvo 加载进度
[self.webview addobserver:self
forkeypath:@ "estimatedprogress"
options:nskeyvalueobservingoptionold | nskeyvalueobservingoptionnew
context:nil];
//kvo title
[self.webview addobserver:self
forkeypath:@ "title"
options:nskeyvalueobservingoptionnew
context:nil];
/** kvo 监听具体回调**/
- ( void )observevalueforkeypath:(nsstring *)keypath ofobject:(id)object change:(nsdictionary<nskeyvaluechangekey,id> *)change context:( void *)context{
if ([keypath isequal:@ "estimatedprogress" ] && object == self.webview) {
allogf(@ "progress--->%@" ,[nsnumber numberwithdouble:self.webview.estimatedprogress]);
} else if ([keypath isequaltostring:@ "title" ]
&& object == self.webview){
self.navigationitem.title = self.webview.title;
} else {
[super observevalueforkeypath:keypath ofobject:object change:change context:context];
}
}
/**销毁时候记得移除**/
[self.webview removeobserver:self
forkeypath:nsstringfromselector(@selector(estimatedprogress))];
[self.webview removeobserver:self
forkeypath:nsstringfromselector(@selector(title))];
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3.bridge通信实战
下面介绍自己实现的bridge通信框架,前端无需关心所在容器,框架层做适配。
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import {webbridge} from 'xxx'
/**
* 方法: webbridge.call(taskname,options,callback)
* 参数说明:
* taskname string task的名字,用于native处理分发任务的标识
* options object 传递的其它参数
* callback function 回调函数
*. 回调参数
* json object native返回的内容
**/
webbridge.call( "alert" ,{ "content" : "弹框内容" , "btn" : "btn内容" },function(json){
console. log ( "call back is here" ,json.stringify(json));
});
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上面调用了native的alert控件,然后返回调用结果。
调用到的native代码如下:
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//alerttask.m
#import "alerttask.h"
#import <lib-base/albaseconstants.h>
@interface alerttask (){}
@property (nonatomic,weak) arlenewebviewcontroller* mctrl;
@end
@implementation alerttask
-(instancetype)initwithcontext:(arlenewebviewcontroller*)controller{
self = [super init];
self.mctrl = controller;
return self;
}
-(nsstring*)taskname{
return @ "alert" ;
}
-( void )dotask:(nsdictionary*)params{
alshowalert(@ "title" ,@ "message" ); //弹出alert
nsmutabledictionary* callback = [arlenetaskutils basiccallback:params]; //获取callback
[callback addentriesfromdictionary:params];
[self.mctrl calljs:callback]; //执行回调
}
@end
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具体实现原理可以点击下方视频链接:
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原文链接:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000022999812