原文地址:http://justsee.iteye.com/blog/936612
当应用继承ContentProvider类,并重写该类用于提供数据和存储数据的方法,就可以向其他应用共享其数据。虽然使用其他方法也可以对外共享数据,但数据访问方式会因数据存储的方式而不同,如:采用文件方式对外共享数据,需要进行文件操作读写数据;采用sharedpreferences共享数据,需要使用sharedpreferences API读写数据。而使用ContentProvider共享数据的好处是统一了数据访问方式。
当应用需要通过ContentProvider对外共享数据时,第一步需要继承ContentProvider并重写下面方法:
public class PersonContentProvider extends ContentProvider{
public boolean onCreate()
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values)
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs)
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs)
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder)
public String getType(Uri uri)}
第二步需要在AndroidManifest.xml使用<provider>对该ContentProvider进行配置,为了能让其他应用找到该ContentProvider , ContentProvider 采用了authorities(主机名/域名)对它进行唯一标识,你可以把 ContentProvider看作是一个网站(想想,网站也是提供数据者),authorities 就是他的域名:
<manifest .... >
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<provider android:name=".PersonContentProvider" android:authorities="com.jbridge.provider.personprovider"/>
</application>
</manifest>
注意:一旦应用继承了ContentProvider类,后面我们就会把这个应用称为ContentProvider(内容提供者)。
Uri介绍
Uri代表了要操作的数据,Uri主要包含了两部分信息:1》需要操作的ContentProvider ,2》对ContentProvider中的什么数据进行操作,一个Uri由以下几部分组成:
ContentProvider(内容提供者)的scheme已经由Android所规定, scheme为:content://
ContentProvider示例程序
我们为《Android之SQlite存储》示例程序添加一个ContentProvider,供其他应用来访问我们的数据。
1.为SQLite示例程序添加ContentProvider类
- package com.jbridge.db;
- import com.jbridge.service.DataBaseOpenHelper;
- import android.content.ContentProvider;
- import android.content.ContentUris;
- import android.content.ContentValues;
- import android.content.UriMatcher;
- import android.database.Cursor;
- import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
- import android.net.Uri;
- import android.text.TextUtils;
- public class PersonContentProvider extends ContentProvider {
- private DataBaseOpenHelper dbOpenHelper;
- private static final int ALLPERSON = 1;
- private static final int PERSON = 2;
- private static final UriMatcher sMatcher = new UriMatcher(
- UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
- static {
- sMatcher.addURI("com.jbridge.provider.personprovider", "person",
- ALLPERSON);
- sMatcher.addURI("com.jbridge.provider.personprovider", "person/#",
- PERSON);
- }
- @Override
- public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
- SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
- int count = 0;
- switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
- case ALLPERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person
- count=db.delete("person", selection,selectionArgs);
- break;
- case PERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person/10
- long personid=ContentUris.parseId(uri);
- //防止他输入时String selection, String[] selectionArgs参数为空,这样就会修改表的所有数据了
- String where=TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)?"personid=?":selection+" and personid=?";
- String[] params=new String[]{String.valueOf(personid)};
- if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)&&selectionArgs!=null) {
- params=new String[selectionArgs.length+1];
- for (int i=0;i<selectionArgs.length;i++) {
- params[i]=selectionArgs[i];
- }
- params[selectionArgs.length]=String.valueOf(personid);
- }
- count = db.delete("person", where,params);
- break;
- default:
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow Uri:" + uri);
- }
- return count;
- }
- @Override
- public String getType(Uri uri) {
- switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
- case ALLPERSON:// //数据集的MIME类型字符串则应该以vnd.android.cursor.dir/开头
- return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/personprovider.person";
- case PERSON://单一数据的MIME类型字符串应该以vnd.android.cursor.item/开头
- return "vnd.android.cursor.item/personprovider.person";
- default:
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow Uri:" + uri);
- }
- }
- @Override
- public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
- SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
- long id = 0;
- switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
- case ALLPERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person
- id = db.insert("person", "name", values);// 返回值是记录的行号,主键为int实际上就是主键值,主键为text则为行号
- return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);
- case PERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person/10
- id = db.insert("person", "name", values);// 返回值是记录的行号,主键为int实际上就是主键值,主键为text则为行号
- String path = uri.toString();
- return Uri.parse(path.substring(0, path.lastIndexOf("/")) + id);
- default:
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow Uri:" + uri);
- }
- }
- @Override
- public boolean onCreate() {
- dbOpenHelper=new DataBaseOpenHelper(this.getContext());
- return false;
- }
- @Override
- public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs,
- String sortOrder) {
- SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
- switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
- case ALLPERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person
- return db.query("person",projection, selection, selectionArgs,null, null, sortOrder);
- case PERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person/10
- long personid=ContentUris.parseId(uri);
- //防止他输入时String selection, String[] selectionArgs参数为空,这样就会修改表的所有数据了
- String where=TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)?"personid=?":selection+" and personid=?";
- String[] params=new String[]{String.valueOf(personid)};
- if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)&&selectionArgs!=null) {
- params=new String[selectionArgs.length+1];
- for (int i=0;i<selectionArgs.length;i++) {
- params[i]=selectionArgs[i];
- }
- params[selectionArgs.length]=String.valueOf(personid);
- }
- return db.query("person",projection, where, params,null, null, sortOrder);
- default:
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow Uri:" + uri);
- }
- }
- @Override
- //返回值为影响的记录数
- public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
- SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
- int count = 0;
- switch (sMatcher.match(uri)) {
- case ALLPERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person
- count = db.update("person", values, selection,selectionArgs);
- break;
- case PERSON:// com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person/10
- long personid=ContentUris.parseId(uri);
- //防止他输入时String selection, String[] selectionArgs参数为空,这样就会修改表的所有数据了
- String where=TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)?"personid=?":selection+" and personid=?";
- String[] params=new String[]{String.valueOf(personid)};
- if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(selection)&&selectionArgs!=null) {
- params=new String[selectionArgs.length+1];
- for (int i=0;i<selectionArgs.length;i++) {
- params[i]=selectionArgs[i];
- }
- params[selectionArgs.length]=String.valueOf(personid);
- }
- count = db.update("person", values, where,params);
- break;
- default:
- throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknow Uri:" + uri);
- }
- return count;
- }
- }
2.添加ContentProvider配置
<provider android:name=".PersonContentProvider" android:authorities="com.jbridge.provider.personprovider" android:permission="android.permission.READ_PERSON_DB"/> |
3.测试SQLite示例程序的ContentProvider,建立项目contentProviderUser
Project name: contentProviderUser
BuildTarget:Android2.2
Application name: 内容使用者
Package name: com.jbridge.user
Create Activity: ContentProviderUserActivity
Min SDK Version:8
- package com.jbridge.user;
- import android.R.string;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.ContentResolver;
- import android.content.ContentValues;
- import android.database.Cursor;
- import android.net.Uri;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.provider.ContactsContract;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class ContentProviderUserActivity extends Activity {
- private static final String TAG="ContentProviderUserActivity";
- /* @Override
- //向数据库插入数据
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- ContentResolver contentResolver=this.getContentResolver();
- Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person");
- ContentValues values=new ContentValues();
- values.put("name", "刘德华");
- values.put("age",(short)55);
- contentResolver.insert(uri, values);
- }*/
- /* @Override
- //向数据库修改数据
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- ContentResolver contentResolver=this.getContentResolver();
- Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person/4");
- ContentValues values=new ContentValues();
- values.put("name", "haha");
- values.put("age",(short)55);
- contentResolver.update(uri, values, null, null);
- }*/
- /*@Override
- //向数据库删除数据
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- ContentResolver contentResolver=this.getContentResolver();
- Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person");
- contentResolver.delete(uri, "personid>?",new String[]{String.valueOf(18)} );
- // contentResolver.delete(uri,null,null );
- }*/
- /*@Override
- //向数据库查询数据
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- ContentResolver contentResolver=this.getContentResolver();
- Uri uri=Uri.parse("content://com.jbridge.provider.personprovider/person");
- Cursor cursor=contentResolver.query(uri, new String[]{"personid","name","age"}, null, null, "personid desc");
- while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
- Log.i(TAG, "personid "+cursor.getInt(0));
- }
- cursor.close();
- }*/
- @Override
- //向电话本取得数据
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- ContentResolver contentResolver=this.getContentResolver();
- Cursor cursor=contentResolver.query(ContactsContract.Contacts.CONTENT_URI,null, null, null, null);
- while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
- int contactID=cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts._ID));
- String name=cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME));
- Log.i(TAG, "contactid="+contactID+",name="+name);
- Cursor phones=contentResolver.query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, null,ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID+"="+contactID,null, null);
- StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
- while (phones.moveToNext()) {
- String phoneNumber=phones.getString(phones.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER));
- sb.append(phoneNumber).append(",");
- }
- sb.deleteCharAt(sb.lastIndexOf(","));
- phones.close();
- Log.i(TAG, sb.toString());
- Cursor emails = getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTENT_URI,
- null,
- ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.CONTACT_ID + " = " + contactID,
- null, null);
- while (emails.moveToNext()) {
- // This would allow you get several email addresses
- String emailAddress = emails.getString(emails.getColumnIndex(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Email.DATA));
- Log.i(TAG, "emailAddress="+ emailAddress);
- }
- emails.close();
- cursor.close();
- }
- }
- }