MySQL优化三（InnoDB优化）

MySQL优化三（InnoDB优化）

body {
font-family: Helvetica, arial, sans-serif;
font-size: 14px;
line-height: 1.6;
padding-top: 10px;
padding-bottom: 10px;
background-color: white;
padding: 30px; }

body > *:first-child {
margin-top: 0 !important; }
body > *:last-child {
margin-bottom: 0 !important; }

a {
color: #4183C4; }
a.absent {
color: #cc0000; }
a.anchor {
display: block;
padding-left: 30px;
margin-left: -30px;
cursor: pointer;
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
bottom: 0; }

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
margin: 20px 0 10px;
padding: 0;
font-weight: bold;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
cursor: text;
position: relative; }

h1:hover a.anchor, h2:hover a.anchor, h3:hover a.anchor, h4:hover a.anchor, h5:hover a.anchor, h6:hover a.anchor {
background: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABAAAAAQCAYAAAAf8/9hAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAA09pVFh0WE1MOmNvbS5hZG9iZS54bXAAAAAAADw/eHBhY2tldCBiZWdpbj0i77u/IiBpZD0iVzVNME1wQ2VoaUh6cmVTek5UY3prYzlkIj8+IDx4OnhtcG1ldGEgeG1sbnM6eD0iYWRvYmU6bnM6bWV0YS8iIHg6eG1wdGs9IkFkb2JlIFhNUCBDb3JlIDUuMy1jMDExIDY2LjE0NTY2MSwgMjAxMi8wMi8wNi0xNDo1NjoyNyAgICAgICAgIj4gPHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5LzAyLzIyLXJkZi1zeW50YXgtbnMjIj4gPHJkZjpEZXNjcmlwdGlvbiByZGY6YWJvdXQ9IiIgeG1sbnM6eG1wPSJodHRwOi8vbnMuYWRvYmUuY29tL3hhcC8xLjAvIiB4bWxuczp4bXBNTT0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wL21tLyIgeG1sbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoMTMuMCAyMDEyMDMwNS5tLjQxNSAyMDEyLzAzLzA1OjIxOjAwOjAwKSAgKE1hY2ludG9zaCkiIHhtcE1NOkluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6OUM2NjlDQjI4ODBGMTFFMTg1ODlEODNERDJBRjUwQTQiIHhtcE1NOkRvY3VtZW50SUQ9InhtcC5kaWQ6OUM2NjlDQjM4ODBGMTFFMTg1ODlEODNERDJBRjUwQTQiPiA8eG1wTU06RGVyaXZlZEZyb20gc3RSZWY6aW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo5QzY2OUNCMDg4MEYxMUUxODU4OUQ4M0REMkFGNTBBNCIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo5QzY2OUNCMTg4MEYxMUUxODU4OUQ4M0REMkFGNTBBNCIvPiA8L3JkZjpEZXNjcmlwdGlvbj4gPC9yZGY6UkRGPiA8L3g6eG1wbWV0YT4gPD94cGFja2V0IGVuZD0iciI/PsQhXeAAAABfSURBVHjaYvz//z8DJYCRUgMYQAbAMBQIAvEqkBQWXI6sHqwHiwG70TTBxGaiWwjCTGgOUgJiF1J8wMRAIUA34B4Q76HUBelAfJYSA0CuMIEaRP8wGIkGMA54bgQIMACAmkXJi0hKJQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==) no-repeat 10px center;
text-decoration: none; }

h1 tt, h1 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h2 tt, h2 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h3 tt, h3 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h4 tt, h4 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h5 tt, h5 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h6 tt, h6 code {
font-size: inherit; }

h1 {
font-size: 28px;
color: black; }

h2 {
font-size: 24px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc;
color: black; }

h3 {
font-size: 18px; }

h4 {
font-size: 16px; }

h5 {
font-size: 14px; }

h6 {
color: #777777;
font-size: 14px; }

p, blockquote, ul, ol, dl, li, table, pre {
margin: 15px 0; }

hr {
background: transparent url(data:image/png;base64,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) repeat-x 0 0;
border: 0 none;
color: #cccccc;
height: 4px;
padding: 0;
}

body > h2:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h1:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h1:first-child + h2 {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }
body > h3:first-child, body > h4:first-child, body > h5:first-child, body > h6:first-child {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }

a:first-child h1, a:first-child h2, a:first-child h3, a:first-child h4, a:first-child h5, a:first-child h6 {
margin-top: 0;
padding-top: 0; }

h1 p, h2 p, h3 p, h4 p, h5 p, h6 p {
margin-top: 0; }

li p.first {
display: inline-block; }
li {
margin: 0; }
ul, ol {
padding-left: 30px; }

ul :first-child, ol :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }

dl {
padding: 0; }
dl dt {
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;
padding: 0;
margin: 15px 0 5px; }
dl dt:first-child {
padding: 0; }
dl dt > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
dl dt > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }
dl dd {
margin: 0 0 15px;
padding: 0 15px; }
dl dd > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
dl dd > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

blockquote {
border-left: 4px solid #dddddd;
padding: 0 15px;
color: #777777; }
blockquote > :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
blockquote > :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

table {
padding: 0;border-collapse: collapse; }
table tr {
border-top: 1px solid #cccccc;
background-color: white;
margin: 0;
padding: 0; }
table tr:nth-child(2n) {
background-color: #f8f8f8; }
table tr th {
font-weight: bold;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px; }
table tr td {
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
margin: 0;
padding: 6px 13px; }
table tr th :first-child, table tr td :first-child {
margin-top: 0; }
table tr th :last-child, table tr td :last-child {
margin-bottom: 0; }

img {
max-width: 100%; }

span.frame {
display: block;
overflow: hidden; }
span.frame > span {
border: 1px solid #dddddd;
display: block;
float: left;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px 0 0;
padding: 7px;
width: auto; }
span.frame span img {
display: block;
float: left; }
span.frame span span {
clear: both;
color: #333333;
display: block;
padding: 5px 0 0; }
span.align-center {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
clear: both; }
span.align-center > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px auto 0;
text-align: center; }
span.align-center span img {
margin: 0 auto;
text-align: center; }
span.align-right {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
clear: both; }
span.align-right > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px 0 0;
text-align: right; }
span.align-right span img {
margin: 0;
text-align: right; }
span.float-left {
display: block;
margin-right: 13px;
overflow: hidden;
float: left; }
span.float-left span {
margin: 13px 0 0; }
span.float-right {
display: block;
margin-left: 13px;
overflow: hidden;
float: right; }
span.float-right > span {
display: block;
overflow: hidden;
margin: 13px auto 0;
text-align: right; }

code, tt {
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0 5px;
white-space: nowrap;
border: 1px solid #eaeaea;
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border-radius: 3px; }

pre code {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
white-space: pre;
border: none;
background: transparent; }

.highlight pre {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 19px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 6px 10px;
border-radius: 3px; }

pre {
background-color: #f8f8f8;
border: 1px solid #cccccc;
font-size: 13px;
line-height: 19px;
overflow: auto;
padding: 6px 10px;
border-radius: 3px; }
pre code, pre tt {
background-color: transparent;
border: none; }

sup {
font-size: 0.83em;
vertical-align: super;
line-height: 0;
}

kbd {
display: inline-block;
padding: 3px 5px;
font-size: 11px;
line-height: 10px;
color: #555;
vertical-align: middle;
background-color: #fcfcfc;
border: solid 1px #ccc;
border-bottom-color: #bbb;
border-radius: 3px;
box-shadow: inset 0 -1px 0 #bbb
}

* {
-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;
}
@media screen and (min-width: 914px) {
body {
width: 854px;
margin:0 auto;
}
}
@media print {
table, pre {
page-break-inside: avoid;
}
pre {
word-wrap: break-word;
}
}

MySQL优化三（InnoDB优化）

学习计划很容易就被打断，坚持也不容易。最近公司里开会，要调整业务方向，建议学习NodeJS。NodeJS之前我就会一点，但是没有深入研究。Node的语法和客户端Js基本上是一样的，这半年来很少开发有客户端的东西。本来JS基础还行的我，也对这块的知识陌生了。看起来知识都是用进废退的，不常用了，过不了多久就会遗忘。所以又重新复习了JS的相关知识。学习了Node的服务器与socket知识。MySQL的计划就这样的搁浅起来，星期天的时候吃吃喝喝睡睡，早上又懒的要命，熬着熬着就熬到了下午。废话不多说了，继续进行MySQL的优化系列，这次看下InnoDB的优化项。

InnoDB的主索引是聚簇索引，索引与数据公用表空间。对于InnoDB来说，数据就是索引，索引就是数据。InnoDB缓存机制与MyISAM的最大区别在于，InnoDB不仅缓存索引，同时还会缓存数据。

一、InnoDB缓存池

InnoDB缓存池（InnoDB buffer pool）是提升InnoDB提升性能的关键，它既可以缓存数据，又可以缓存索引，甚至其他的管理数据（元数据、行级锁）等。可以使用show variables like 'innodb%pool%'; 来查看相关的参数选项。

mysql> show variables like 'innodb%pool%';
+-------------------------------------+----------------+
| Variable_name                       | Value          |
+-------------------------------------+----------------+
| innodb_additional_mem_pool_size     | 8388608        |
| innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown | OFF            |
| innodb_buffer_pool_dump_now         | OFF            |
| innodb_buffer_pool_filename         | ib_buffer_pool |
| innodb_buffer_pool_instances        | 8              |
| innodb_buffer_pool_load_abort       | OFF            |
| innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup  | OFF            |
| innodb_buffer_pool_load_now         | OFF            |
| innodb_buffer_pool_size             | 134217728      |
+-------------------------------------+----------------+

innodb_buffer_pool_size

innodb_buffer_pool_size是用于设置InnoDB缓存池（InnoDBBufferPool）的大小，默认值是128M.InnoDB缓存池的大小对InnoDB的整体性能影响较大，如果当前的MySQL服务器专门用作MySQL服务，那么可以尽量的增加该参数的大小。

innodb_buffer_pool_instance

innodb_buffer_pool_instance默认值是1，表示InnoDB缓存池被划分为一个区域，适当的增加该参数值，可以提升InnoDB的并发性能。

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size

指定InnoDB用于来存储数据字典和其他内部数据的缓存大小，默认值是2M.InnoDB的表个数越多，就应该适当的增加该参数的大小。

二、InnoDB缓存池内部结构

InnoDB在内存中维护一个缓存池用于缓存数据和索引。缓存池可以认为是一条很长的链表（list）.该链表分为两个子链表，一个子链表存放old page数据，old page 数据是长时间未被访问的数据页，亮一个子链表存放new page，new page 是最近被访问的数据页。old page 默认占整个链表大小的37%，可以通过innodb_old_blocks_pct参数查看.

mysql> show variables like 'innodb_old_blocks%';
+------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name          | Value |
+------------------------+-------+
| innodb_old_blocks_pct  | 37    |
| innodb_old_blocks_time | 1000  |
+------------------------+-------+

old page 和 new page 的交汇点称为midpoint。

当用户访问数据时，InnoDB首先会再InnoDB缓存中查找数据，如果缓存池中没有数据，InnoDB会将硬盘中的数据插入到InnoDB缓存池中，如果缓存池已满，则利用LRU算法清楚过期的老数据

三、InnoDB缓存池预热。

MySQL服务器启动一段时间后，InnoDB会将经常访问的数据（业务数据，管理数据）放入InnoDB缓存中，即InnoDB缓存池中保存的是频繁需要访问的数据（简称热数据）。当InnoDB缓存池的大小是几十G或者上百G的时候，如果重启MySQL，如果将之前InnoDB缓存池中的热数据加载到InnoDB缓存池中呢？

如果单靠InnoDB自身预热的InnoDB缓存池，将会是一个不短的时间周期，这对于业务繁忙的系统来说，长时间的挂机，是严重的生产事故，不能够容忍。幸好在MySQL5.6版本支持关闭服务时，可以将热数据保存至硬盘，MySQL重启是首先将硬盘中的热数据加载到InnoDB的缓存中去，这样可以缩短预热的时间，提高业务繁忙高并发时的效率。

mysql> show variables like '%innodb%pool%';
+-------------------------------------+----------------+
| Variable_name                       | Value          |
+-------------------------------------+----------------+
| innodb_additional_mem_pool_size     | 8388608        |
| innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown | OFF            |
| innodb_buffer_pool_dump_now         | OFF            |
| innodb_buffer_pool_filename         | ib_buffer_pool |
| innodb_buffer_pool_instances        | 8              |
| innodb_buffer_pool_load_abort       | OFF            |
| innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup  | OFF            |
| innodb_buffer_pool_load_now         | OFF            |
| innodb_buffer_pool_size             | 134217728      |
+-------------------------------------+----------------+

innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown

默认是关的，如果开启参数，停止MySQL服务是，InnoDB缓存中的热数据将会保存到硬盘中。

innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_starup

默认是关闭的，如果开启该参数，启动MySQL服务时，MySQL将本地硬盘的热数据加载到InnoDB缓存池中。

innodb_buffer_pool_dump_now

默认关闭，如果开启该参数，停止MySQL服务时，以手动方式将InnoDB缓存池中的热数据保存到本地硬盘。

innodb_buffer_pool_load_now

默认关闭，如果开启该参数，启动MySQL服务时，以手动方式将本地硬盘的数据加载到InnoDB缓存池中，

innodb_buffer_pool_filename

如果开启InnoDB预热功能，停止MySQL服务是，MySQL将InnoDB缓存池中的热数据保存到数据库根目录下，默认文件名是这个参数的值。

开启InnoDB缓存后，可以使用如下命令查看当前InnoDB缓存池预热的状态信息：

show status like 'innodb_buffer%';
+---------------------------------------+-------------+
| Variable_name                         | Value       |
+---------------------------------------+-------------+
| Innodb_buffer_pool_dump_status        | not started |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_load_status        | not started |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_data         | 218         |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_data         | 3571712     |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty        | 0           |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_bytes_dirty        | 0           |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed      | 1           |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_free         | 7973        |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_misc         | 0           |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total        | 8191        |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_rnd     | 0           |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead         | 0           |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_ahead_evicted | 0           |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests      | 1497        |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_reads              | 219         |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_wait_free          | 0           |
| Innodb_buffer_pool_write_requests     | 1           |
+---------------------------------------+-------------+

这里面的英语都比较简单，就不解释了。

四、InnoDB实时监控

mysql> show engine innodb status\G