Android 抽屉效果的导航菜单实现
抽屉效果的导航菜单
看了很多应用，觉得这种侧滑的抽屉效果的菜单很好。
不用切换到另一个页面，也不用去按菜单的硬件按钮，直接在界面上一个按钮点击，菜单就滑出来，而且感觉能放很多东西。
关于实现，搜索了一下，有如下两种：
1.用SlidingDrawer：
http://developer.android.com/reference/android/widget/SlidingDrawer.html
但是不知道为什么这个类官方不建议再继续用了：
Deprecated since API level 17
2.用DrawerLayout：
http://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/v4/widget/DrawerLayout.html
Guide在这里：
http://developer.android.com/training/implementing-navigation/nav-drawer.html
库的引用
首先， DrawerLayout这个类是在Support Library里的，需要加上android-support-v4.jar这个包。
然后程序中用时在前面导入import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
如果找不到这个类，首先用SDK Manager更新一下Android Support Library，然后在Android SDK\extras\android\support\v4路径下找到android-support-v4.jar，复制到项目的libs路径，将其Add to Build Path.
代码1
布局：
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" > <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" > <!-- The main content view -->
<!-- main content must be the first element of DrawerLayout because it will be drawn first and drawer must be on top of it --> <FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/content_frame"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" /> <!-- The navigation drawer --> <ListView
android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
android:layout_width="240dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="left"
android:background="#111"
android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
android:dividerHeight="0dp" />
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout> </RelativeLayout>
DrawerLayout的第一个子元素是主要内容，即抽屉没有打开时显示的布局。这里采用了一个FrameLayout，里面什么也没放。
DrawerLayout的第二个子元素是抽屉中的内容，即抽屉布局，这里采用了一个ListView。
主要的Activity（从官方实例中扒出来的）：
package com.example.hellodrawer; import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.support.v4.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
import android.support.v4.view.GravityCompat;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout; public class HelloDrawerActivity extends Activity
{ private String[] mPlanetTitles;
private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
private ListView mDrawerList; @Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_hello_drawer); mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout); // init the ListView and Adapter, nothing new
initListView(); // set a custom shadow that overlays the main content when the drawer
// opens
mDrawerLayout.setDrawerShadow(R.drawable.drawer_shadow,
GravityCompat.START); mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawerLayout,
R.drawable.ic_drawer, R.string.drawer_open,
R.string.drawer_close)
{ /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely closed state. */
public void onDrawerClosed(View view)
{ invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to
// onPrepareOptionsMenu()
} /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely open state. */
public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView)
{ invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to
// onPrepareOptionsMenu()
}
}; // Set the drawer toggle as the DrawerListener
mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle); // enable ActionBar app icon to behave as action to toggle nav drawer
getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
// getActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true);
// Note: getActionBar() Added in API level 11
} private void initListView()
{
mDrawerList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.left_drawer); mPlanetTitles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array); // Set the adapter for the list view
mDrawerList.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
R.layout.list_item, mPlanetTitles));
// Set the list's click listener
mDrawerList.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener()
{ @Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
int position, long id)
{
// Highlight the selected item, update the title, and close the
// drawer
mDrawerList.setItemChecked(position, true);
setTitle(mPlanetTitles[position]);
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(mDrawerList);
}
});
} @Override
protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
// Sync the toggle state after onRestoreInstanceState has occurred.
mDrawerToggle.syncState();
} @Override
public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig)
{
super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
mDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
} @Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
{
// Pass the event to ActionBarDrawerToggle, if it returns
// true, then it has handled the app icon touch event
if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item))
{
return true;
}
// Handle your other action bar items... return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
} }
比较纠结的是用了Level 11的一个API，这样minSdkVersion就有限制，不能太低。
图片资源Android官网示例处提供下载了。
程序运行后效果如下：
抽屉打开前：
抽屉打开后：
代码2
今天又看了一下DrawerLayout的类，发现有很多方法可以直接用的。
重新试了一下，其实不用上面那么麻烦，随便自己定义一个按钮控制抽屉的打开就行：
布局：
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".DrawerActivity" > <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" > <!-- The main content view --> <FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/content_frame"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" > <Button
android:id="@+id/btn"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="open"
/>
</FrameLayout> <!-- The navigation drawer --> <ListView
android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
android:layout_width="240dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
android:background="#111"
android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
android:dividerHeight="0dp" />
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout> </RelativeLayout>
主要代码：
package com.example.hellodrawer; import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button; public class DrawerActivity extends Activity
{
private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout = null; @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_drawer); mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout); Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
{ @Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
// 按钮按下，将抽屉打开
mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(Gravity.LEFT); }
});
} }
参考资料
官方教程：
http://developer.android.com/design/patterns/navigation-drawer.html
http://developer.android.com/training/implementing-navigation/nav-drawer.html
其他参考资料：